CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Administration and Society -

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CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Administration and Society

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Administration and Society

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Assertion (A): The Rayas of Vijayanagara indicated their close links with the gods by signing all royal orders as "Shri Virupaksha".
Reason (R): This signature was usually written in the Sanskrit script to appeal to the Brahmanas.

Answer Review

1 Assertion (A): The Rayas of Vijayanagara indicated their close links with the gods by signing all royal orders as "Shri Virupaksha".
Reason (R): This signature was usually written in the Sanskrit script to appeal to the Brahmanas.

A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.

B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation.

C A is false but R is true.

D A is true but R is false.

💡 Short Explanation

Virupaksha was the guardian deity of Vijayanagara. Royal orders were associated with divine authority. The reason given is not supported by NCERT.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Assertion is correct because Vijayanagara rulers emphasized their connection with the deity Virupaksha. Royal orders were often issued in the name of "Shri Virupaksha", reflecting divine kingship. → Reason is false because NCERT does not state that the signature was written in Sanskrit script specifically to appeal to Brahmanas. → The purpose of using "Shri Virupaksha" was to legitimize royal authority through association with the deity, not linguistic appeal. → Therefore, Assertion is true while Reason is false.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Reason is false; therefore it cannot explain the Assertion.
Option B) Reason itself is not supported by NCERT.
Option C) Assertion is historically correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

�� Verify Assertion and Reason separately from NCERT evidence.

Final Logic:

�� A is true, but R lacks historical support.

🧠 Memory Trick

Virupaksha = Divine Signature

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Kingship and Divine Authority

2 Match the following military and political milestones to central authority:

List 1	List 2
1. Rakshasi-Tangadi	a. 1512
2. Yavana kingdom establisher	b. 1565
3. Orissa rulers subdued	c. 1514
4. Raichur doab acquired	d. Krishnadeva Raya's title

A 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

B 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

C 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a

D 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b

💡 Short Explanation

Rakshasi-Tangadi occurred in 1565. Krishnadeva Raya claimed the Yavana title. Raichur doab was acquired in 1512.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Rakshasi-Tangadi (Talikota) took place in 1565. → "Establisher of the Yavana kingdom" was a title associated with Krishnadeva Raya. → The Orissa rulers were subdued in 1514. → Raichur doab was acquired in 1512. → Hence the correct sequence is 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Incorrectly matches Rakshasi-Tangadi and title.
Option B) Multiple historical mismatches.
Option D) Incorrect chronology and title pairing.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application:

�� Replace each event with its known date or description.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option C provides all correct matches.

🧠 Memory Trick

1512–Raichur, 1514–Orissa, 1565–Talikota

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Krishnadeva Raya and Military Expansion

3 Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the amara-nayakas and military chiefs?

A Many features of this system were likely derived from the iqta system.

B They were forbidden from retaining any revenue for their personal use.

C They were military commanders given territories to govern.

D They maintained a stipulated contingent of horses and elephants.

💡 Short Explanation

Amara-nayakas retained part of revenue. They maintained military contingents. Revenue retention was an essential feature.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Amara-nayakas collected taxes from their territories and retained a portion of revenue. → They used this revenue to maintain troops, horses, elephants, and local administration. → Therefore, the statement that they were forbidden from retaining revenue is incorrect. → Hence Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Supported by historians comparing it with the iqta system.
Option C) Correct description of amara-nayakas.
Option D) Maintenance of military contingents was mandatory.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Odd One Out

Application:

�� Identify the statement contradicting the core function of amara-nayakas.

Final Logic:

�� Revenue retention was allowed; Option B is incorrect.

🧠 Memory Trick

Revenue Kept = Nayaka Power

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Amara-Nayaka System

4 Arrange these developments related to Vijayanagara's regional consolidation and threats in chronological order:
I. Defeat inflicted on the Sultan of Bijapur
II. Acquisition of Raichur doab
III. Control shifts to the Aravidu lineage
IV. Battle of Talikota

A II, I, III, IV

B I, II, IV, III

C II, III, I, IV

D III, IV, I, II

💡 Short Explanation

Bijapur was defeated after Raichur campaigns. Talikota occurred in 1565. Aravidu control followed the crisis.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Raichur doab was secured in 1512. → Krishnadeva Raya defeated the Sultan of Bijapur after strengthening control in the region (1520 campaign). → Battle of Talikota took place in 1565. → The Aravidu lineage gained control after the political decline that followed Talikota. → Therefore the correct order is II → I → IV → III. Among the given options, none exactly match this ideal chronology. However, NCERT chronology places the defeat of Bijapur after Raichur consolidation and before Talikota. The closest historically valid sequence is B, making the provided key questionable.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Places Aravidu control before Talikota.
Option C) Aravidu control cannot precede Talikota.
Option D) Completely reverses chronology.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Arrange events according to established historical timeline.

Final Logic:

�� Expansion occurred before Talikota; Aravidu came later.

🧠 Memory Trick

Raichur → Bijapur → Talikota → Aravidu

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Expansion and Decline

5 Consider the following regarding land assignments:
1. Amara-nayakas sent tribute to the king annually.
2. Kings never transferred the amara-nayakas from one place to another, ensuring permanent hereditary land assignments.

A Both 1 and 2 are true

B Only 1 is true

C Only 2 is true

D Neither is true

💡 Short Explanation

Tribute was regularly paid. Transfers were used to maintain control. Assignments were not permanently fixed.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because amara-nayakas paid tribute to the king and expressed loyalty. → Statement 2 is incorrect because rulers occasionally transferred amara-nayakas to different regions to prevent excessive local autonomy. → Therefore only Statement 1 is true.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Statement 2 is false.
Option C) Statement 1 is true.
Option D) Statement 1 is correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

�� The word "never" often signals an incorrect historical statement.

Final Logic:

�� Transfers did occur; Statement 2 is false.

🧠 Memory Trick

Tribute Yes, Permanent No

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Amara-Nayaka Administration

6 The amara-nayakas used some of the collected revenue for the maintenance of temples and ________ works, ensuring continuous revenue collection.

A Royal palace

B Foreign trade

C Educational

D Irrigation

💡 Short Explanation

Irrigation increased agricultural productivity. Revenue depended on cultivation. Temples and irrigation received support.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Amara-nayakas spent part of their revenue on irrigation works such as tanks and canals. → Improved irrigation increased agricultural output and consequently tax revenue. → NCERT specifically mentions irrigation maintenance alongside temple support. → Hence Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Not a stated responsibility.
Option B) Trade promotion is not the NCERT phrase.
Option C) Educational works are not mentioned in this context.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Connect agricultural revenue with infrastructure support.

Final Logic:

�� Irrigation directly sustains cultivation and taxation.

🧠 Memory Trick

Revenue → Water → Revenue

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Revenue and Irrigation

📄 Passage

"As warfare during these times depended upon effective cavalry, the import of horses from Arabia and Central Asia was very important for rival kingdoms. This trade was initially controlled by Arab traders. Local communities of merchants known as kudiraichettis or horse merchants also participated in these exchanges. From 1498 other actors appeared on the scene. These were the Portuguese, who arrived on the west coast of the subcontinent and attempted to establish trading and military stations."

What specific advantage did the Portuguese possess that enabled them to become important players in the tangled politics alongside the cavalry?

A Better knowledge of local dialects.

B Control over the land routes to Central Asia.

C Superior military technology, especially muskets.

D An alliance with the Gajapati rulers.

💡 Short Explanation

Portuguese introduced new military technology. Firearms strengthened their influence. Muskets altered military competition.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Besides participating in trade, the Portuguese possessed superior military technology. → Their use of firearms, especially muskets, enhanced their political and military significance. → This advantage allowed them to influence regional power struggles. → Therefore Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Not the primary source of influence.
Option B) They controlled sea routes, not Central Asian land routes.
Option D) No such NCERT evidence exists.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Connect Portuguese influence with military innovation.

Final Logic:

�� Firearms gave them strategic importance.

🧠 Memory Trick

Portuguese = Muskets

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Cavalry and Horse Trade

📄 Passage

Before 1498, which two groups primarily participated in the horse trade exchanges for the empire's elephant and cavalry forces?

A Arab traders and kudiraichettis.

B Portuguese and Deccan Sultans.

C Yavana merchants and amara-nayakas.

D Chola elites and local craftspersons.

💡 Short Explanation

Arab traders initially dominated horse imports. Kudiraichettis were local horse merchants. Portuguese arrived later in 1498.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage explicitly identifies Arab traders and kudiraichettis as participants in horse trade before Portuguese arrival. → Both groups were important in supplying horses essential for cavalry warfare. → Hence Option A is directly supported by the passage.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B) Portuguese arrived only after 1498.
Option C) Not mentioned in the passage.
Option D) No connection to horse trade.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Extract information directly from the passage.

Final Logic:

�� Passage clearly names Arab traders and kudiraichettis.

🧠 Memory Trick

Arab + Kudirai = Horse Trade

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Horse Trade

9 Which statement is true regarding the resources mobilized from peasants and trade?
1. Revenue derived from trade contributed significantly to the prosperity of the state.
2. Ordinary peasants were exempt from any tax under the amara-nayaka system.

A Both 1 and 2 are correct.

B Only 2 is correct.

C Only 1 is correct.

D Neither is correct.

💡 Short Explanation

Trade generated substantial wealth. Peasants paid taxes. Statement 2 contradicts the revenue system.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Trade in spices, textiles, horses, precious stones and luxury goods generated wealth for the state. → Peasants were a major source of tax revenue and were not exempt from taxation. → Therefore Statement 1 is true while Statement 2 is false. → Hence Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Statement 2 is false.
Option B) Statement 1 is true.
Option D) Statement 1 is correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

�� Check each statement against NCERT facts.

Final Logic:

�� Trade contributed wealth; peasants paid taxes.

🧠 Memory Trick

Trade Wealth, Peasant Tax

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Revenue Sources

10 Match the following regarding trade income and merchants:

List 1	List 2
1. Spices, textiles, precious stones	a. Work written in Telugu
2. Portuguese	b. High-value exotic goods traded
3. Amuktamalyada	c. Russian merchant in 15th century
4. Afanasii Nikitin	d. Arrived on the west coast in 1498

A 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c

B 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

C 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b

D 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

💡 Short Explanation

Luxury goods formed major trade items. Portuguese arrived in 1498. Afanasii Nikitin was a Russian traveller.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Spices, textiles and precious stones were major high-value trade goods. → Portuguese arrived on India's west coast in 1498. → Amuktamalyada is a Telugu work by Krishnadeva Raya. → Afanasii Nikitin was a Russian merchant-traveller of the fifteenth century. → Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B) Incorrectly swaps merchants and texts.
Option C) Multiple mismatches.
Option D) Wrongly matches trade goods and Portuguese.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application:

�� Match each item with its known historical identification.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option A provides all correct pairings.

🧠 Memory Trick

Goods–Portugal–Telugu–Russian

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Trade and Travellers

11 The sixteenth-century Portuguese traveller ________ described the houses of ordinary traders and the bustling markets in Vijayanagara as thatched but well built.

A Colin Mackenzie

B Nicolo de Conti

C Abdur Razzaq

D Barbosa

💡 Short Explanation

Barbosa was a Portuguese traveller. He recorded details of markets and residences. His account highlights urban prosperity.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Duarte Barbosa, a sixteenth-century Portuguese traveller, provided detailed descriptions of Vijayanagara's markets, traders, and houses. → He observed that many houses were thatched but well built and noted the organized layout of settlements according to occupations. → His account is an important source for understanding the social and economic life of Vijayanagara. → Therefore, Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Colin Mackenzie → He was a nineteenth-century surveyor and antiquarian, not a sixteenth-century traveller.
Option B) Nicolo de Conti → Visited earlier and did not provide this specific description.
Option C) Abdur Razzaq → Persian traveller whose observations differ from Barbosa's account.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Link the description of markets and ordinary houses with the traveller known for such observations.

Final Logic:

�� The phrase "thatched but well built" is associated with Barbosa.

🧠 Memory Trick

Barbosa = Bazaar Description

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Foreign Travellers' Accounts

12 Assertion (A): It is difficult to ascertain exactly who drew up the plans for buildings and possessed specialised architectural knowledge among craftspersons.
Reason (R): Rulers took all decisions about the buildings, but sources like inscriptions and travellers' accounts do not clearly detail the wages, origins, or identities of the ordinary masons, stonecutters, and sculptors.

A Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation.

B Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.

C A is true but R is false.

D A is false but R is true.

💡 Short Explanation

Information about builders is limited. Sources focus more on rulers than artisans. Lack of records explains the difficulty.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Assertion is true because historians have limited information about the architects, planners, and skilled craftspersons involved in construction. → Reason is also true because inscriptions and travellers' accounts generally highlight rulers and patrons while providing little information about ordinary masons, sculptors, and stonecutters. → This lack of evidence directly explains why it is difficult to identify the individuals responsible for planning and construction. → Therefore, both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Reason actually explains the Assertion.
Option C) Reason is historically correct.
Option D) Assertion is also correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

�� Verify both statements and determine whether a causal relationship exists.

Final Logic:

�� Lack of source material directly explains the difficulty of identifying planners.

🧠 Memory Trick

Few Records = Unknown Builders

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Craftspersons and Architecture

13 According to the descriptions of merchants and markets by Paes and Nuniz, which of the following is INCORRECT?

A The markets exclusively sold vegetarian provisions like rice and beans, as meat was strictly prohibited.

B Paes described an evening fair where horses and nags were sold.

C Nuniz mentioned the abundance of fruits like grapes, oranges, and jackfruit.

D Meat of partridges, hares, and even rats was sold in the market of Bisnaga.

💡 Short Explanation

Markets sold both vegetarian and non-vegetarian items. Travellers described a wide variety of goods. Meat was openly available.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Accounts by Paes and Nuniz describe highly diverse markets containing grains, fruits, animals, horses, and different types of meat. → Nuniz specifically noted the sale of meat such as partridges, hares, and rats. → Therefore, the claim that markets sold only vegetarian provisions and prohibited meat is incorrect. → Hence Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B) Correctly reflects Paes' description of horse markets.
Option C) Matches Nuniz's observations regarding fruits.
Option D) Supported by traveller accounts.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Odd One Out

Application:

�� Identify the statement that contradicts traveller descriptions.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option A conflicts with recorded evidence.

🧠 Memory Trick

Bisnaga = Variety Market

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Markets and Merchants

14 Consider the following about the common residents and the urban core:
1. Field surveys show the entire area was dotted with numerous shrines.
2. The area was completely devoid of rainwater tanks, forcing residents to fetch water directly from the Tungabhadra river.

A Both 1 and 2 are true.

B Only 2 is true.

C Only 1 is true.

D Neither is true.

💡 Short Explanation

Numerous shrines existed across the city. Water tanks were present. Statement 2 contradicts archaeological evidence.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Field surveys reveal that the urban core and surrounding areas contained numerous shrines and small temples. → Archaeological evidence also shows the existence of tanks, canals, and other water-management structures. → Therefore Statement 1 is true, while Statement 2 is false. → Hence Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Statement 2 is incorrect.
Option B) Statement 1 is true.
Option D) Statement 1 is supported by evidence.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

�� Words such as "completely devoid" often indicate an incorrect statement.

Final Logic:

�� Archaeology confirms the presence of tanks, making Statement 2 false.

🧠 Memory Trick

Shrines + Tanks = Urban Core

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Common Residents and Urban Core

15 Match the following deities and religious traditions patronized by the empire:

List 1	List 2
1. Pampadevi	a. Form of Vishnu generally worshipped in Maharashtra
2. Virupaksha	b. Found among the hills of the pre-Vijayanagara period
3. Vitthala	c. Local mother goddess
4. Jaina temples	d. Guardian deity recognized as a form of Shiva

A 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b

B 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b

C 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

D 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c

💡 Short Explanation

Pampadevi was a local goddess. Virupaksha was identified with Shiva. Vitthala was associated with Vishnu worship.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Pampadevi was a local mother goddess. → Virupaksha was the guardian deity and a form of Shiva. → Vitthala was a form of Vishnu especially worshipped in Maharashtra. → Jaina temples existed in the hills before the rise of Vijayanagara. → Therefore the correct matching is 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Pampadevi and Virupaksha are incorrectly matched.
Option C) Multiple deity identifications are incorrect.
Option D) Reverses established associations.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application:

�� Match each deity with its known religious identity.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option B correctly matches all four entries.

🧠 Memory Trick

Pampa–Mother, Virupaksha–Shiva, Vitthala–Vishnu

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Religious Traditions

16 Assertion (A): Royal portrait sculpture was displayed in temples during the Vijayanagara period.
Reason (R): The king's visits to temples were treated as important state occasions accompanied by important nayakas to legitimize their authority.

A A is true but R is false.

B Both A and R are false.

C A is false but R is true.

D Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.

💡 Short Explanation

Royal portraits appeared in temple settings. Temple visits reinforced legitimacy. Political authority and religion were interconnected.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Vijayanagara rulers displayed royal portrait sculptures in temples as symbols of patronage and legitimacy. → Royal visits to temples were major public and political events attended by important nayakas. → These practices linked kingship with divine authority and strengthened political legitimacy. → Thus both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Reason is true.
Option B) Both statements are historically supported.
Option C) Assertion is also true.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

�� Test both factual accuracy and explanatory relationship.

Final Logic:

�� Temple patronage legitimized royal authority.

🧠 Memory Trick

Temple Visit = Royal Legitimacy

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Temple Patronage and Kingship

17 Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding Indo-Islamic influence and cultural interaction?

A Rulers borrowed concepts and building techniques from interaction with contemporary states.

B The architecture of secular buildings in the royal centre shows no signs of Islamic influence.

C The Lotus Mahal has arches that were probably inspired by Indo-Islamic techniques.

D Art historians use the term Indo-Islamic for styles that grew through interaction with local practices.

💡 Short Explanation

Islamic influences are visible in royal architecture. Arches and domes were adopted. Lotus Mahal is a key example.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The architecture of secular buildings in the royal centre clearly shows Indo-Islamic influence. → Features such as arches, domes, and vaulted structures were adopted through interaction with contemporary Sultanates. → The Lotus Mahal is one of the most cited examples. → Therefore Option B is incorrect.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Supported by NCERT.
Option C) Correct example of Indo-Islamic influence.
Option D) Matches the definition used by art historians.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Odd One Out

Application:

�� Identify the statement that contradicts architectural evidence.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option B denies documented Islamic influence.

🧠 Memory Trick

Lotus Mahal = Indo-Islamic

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Cultural Interaction and Architecture

18 While shared architecture in temples was constructed entirely of masonry, the superstructure of the ________ buildings in the royal centre was made of perishable materials.

A Secular

B Subterranean

C Military

D Sacred

💡 Short Explanation

Temple structures were stone-built. Royal secular buildings used mixed materials. Superstructures often decayed over time.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Temples were generally built entirely of durable stone masonry. → In contrast, many secular buildings in the royal centre had stone foundations but superstructures made of wood and other perishable materials. → As a result, much of the upper construction has not survived. → Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B) Not the category described by NCERT.
Option C) Military structures are not the specific contrast used.
Option D) Sacred buildings refer mainly to temples, which were masonry structures.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Recall the contrast between temple and royal-centre architecture.

Final Logic:

�� Secular buildings had perishable superstructures.

🧠 Memory Trick

Temple = Stone, Palace = Wood

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Royal Centre Architecture

19 Consider the following statements regarding nayaka independence:
1. Following Krishnadeva Raya's death in 1529, his successors were troubled by rebellious nayakas.
2. Nayakas submitted to the authority of the kings but often rebelled and had to be subdued by military action.

A Only 1 is correct.

B Only 2 is correct.

C Neither is correct.

D Both 1 and 2 are correct.

💡 Short Explanation

Central authority weakened after 1529. Nayakas became increasingly independent. Rebellions challenged royal power.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

After Krishnadeva Raya's death, political instability increased and successors faced challenges from powerful nayakas. → Although nayakas formally accepted royal authority, they frequently rebelled and required military suppression. → Both statements accurately describe the weakening of central control. → Therefore Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Statement 2 is also true.
Option B) Statement 1 is true.
Option C) Both statements are supported by NCERT.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

�� Verify each statement separately before combining them.

Final Logic:

�� Both statements are historically correct.

🧠 Memory Trick

1529 → Nayaka Revolts

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Decline and Nayaka Independence

20 Arrange the timeline of these foreign travellers visiting the capital during its rise, peak, and weak central control, before its discovery by antiquarians:
I. Nicolo de Conti
II. Duarte Barbosa
III. Colin Mackenzie

A II, I, III

B III, II, I

C I, II, III

D I, III, II

💡 Short Explanation

Nicolo de Conti visited first. Barbosa came in the early sixteenth century. Colin Mackenzie arrived much later.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Nicolo de Conti visited Vijayanagara in the early fifteenth century. → Duarte Barbosa visited during the early sixteenth century and described the empire at its height. → Colin Mackenzie, a British surveyor and antiquarian, documented the ruins much later in the nineteenth century. → Hence the correct order is I → II → III.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A) Places Barbosa before Conti.
Option B) Mackenzie belongs much later chronologically.
Option D) Mackenzie cannot precede Barbosa.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Arrange travellers according to their historical periods.

Final Logic:

�� Conti → Barbosa → Mackenzie.

🧠 Memory Trick

Conti → Barbosa → Mackenzie

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara – Topic: Travellers and Rediscovery of Hampi

CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Administration and Society

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