CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 1 -

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CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 1

Geography

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 38 Questions

📅 2022, 2023 , 2024&2025

✍️ Long Answers

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 1

1 / 38

QUESTION 1 OF 38

The following activity can be termed as an example of possibilism: (PYQ 2025)

Answer Review

1 The following activity can be termed as an example of possibilism: (PYQ 2025)

A Forest worship

B Ports on the coasts

C Being afraid of the fury of nature

D Collecting fruits and herbs from the forest

💡 Short Explanation

Possibilism emphasizes human ability to modify the environment. It suggests that nature provides opportunities and humans choose how to use them. Ports on coasts show human technological impact on a natural landscape.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Possibilism is a school of thought in geography that considers humans as active agents. → It states that nature provides possibilities, and humans use technology, skill, and knowledge to transform them. → Building ports on the coasts is an example of humans modifying a natural shoreline into a transport and trade hub. → This shows how humans overcome natural constraints and create opportunities through technology. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Forest worship → This reflects environmental determinism, where humans are in awe of nature.
C) Being afraid of the fury of nature → This shows human dependence on and fear of nature.
D) Collecting fruits and herbs from the forest → This shows direct dependence on nature without major modification.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it shows nature's dominance.
Option B → Correct because ports are human-made structures created using technology.
Option C → Incorrect because fear of nature indicates determinism.
Option D → Incorrect because collecting forest products shows dependence on nature.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

2 Which of the following statements are correct for 'technology'? (PYQ 2025)
Statements:
(A) Understanding of concepts of friction and heat enabled us to conquer many diseases.
(B) Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society.
(C) Technology loosens the shackles of the environment on human beings.
(D) Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology.

A (A), (B) and (D) only

B (A), (B) and (C) only

C (A), (C) and (D) only

D (B), (C) and (D) only

💡 Short Explanation

Technology helps humans interact with nature. It reflects the cultural development of a society. It reduces human dependence on environmental limitations.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Technology is the practical application of human knowledge. → Statement (B) is correct because technology reflects the cultural and intellectual development of society. → Statement (C) is correct because technology reduces the restrictions placed by nature on human beings. → Statement (D) is correct because humans interact with their physical environment through technology. → Statement (A) is incorrect because friction and heat are associated with fire, while conquering diseases is related to biological and medical knowledge such as DNA and genetics. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A), (B) and (D) only → Incorrect because Statement (A) is wrong.
B) (A), (B) and (C) only → Incorrect because Statement (A) is wrong.
C) (A), (C) and (D) only → Incorrect because Statement (A) is wrong.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement (A) → Incorrect because friction and heat are linked with fire, not disease control.
Statement (B) → Correct because technology shows cultural development.
Statement (C) → Correct because technology reduces environmental restrictions.
Statement (D) → Correct because technology helps humans interact with nature.
Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

3 In the following, identify the broad feature of Post-modernism. (PYQ 2024)

A The focus was on identifying the uniqueness of any region.

B Imperial and trade interests prompted the discovery and exploration of new areas.

C The importance of understanding each local context in its own right was emphasised.

D Elaborate description of all aspects of a region were undertaken.

💡 Short Explanation

Post-modernism emerged in geography in the 1990s. It questioned universal explanations and grand theories. It emphasized understanding local contexts independently.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Post-modernism in geography argues that one universal theory cannot explain all human conditions. → It focuses on local diversity, regional identity, and specific contexts. → According to this approach, each place, culture, and community should be understood in its own right. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) The focus was on identifying the uniqueness of any region → This relates to areal differentiation.
B) Imperial and trade interests prompted the discovery and exploration of new areas → This relates to the exploration phase during the colonial period.
D) Elaborate description of all aspects of a region were undertaken → This relates to regional analysis.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it indicates areal differentiation.
Option B → Incorrect because it indicates exploration and description.
Option C → Correct because local context is the key feature of post-modernism.
Option D → Incorrect because it indicates regional analysis.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

4 Who, of the following, defined "Human geography is the study of the changing relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth"? (PYQ 2024)

A Semple

B Ratzel

C Blache

D Karl Ritter

💡 Short Explanation

This definition highlights the changing relationship between humans and the earth. The key words are "unresting man" and "unstable earth." This definition was given by Ellen Churchill Semple.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Ellen Churchill Semple defined human geography as the study of the changing relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth. → Her definition emphasizes that both humans and the earth are dynamic. → "Unresting man" means human activities keep changing. → "Unstable earth" means the physical environment is also continuously changing. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Ratzel → He defined human geography as the synthetic study of the relationship between human societies and the earth's surface.
C) Blache → He is associated with possibilism and another definition of human geography.
D) Karl Ritter → He was a founder of modern geography but is not associated with this specific definition.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because Semple gave the "unresting man and unstable earth" definition.
Option B → Incorrect because Ratzel is linked with the synthetic relationship definition.
Option C → Incorrect because Blache is linked with possibilism.
Option D → Incorrect because Karl Ritter is not linked with this definition.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

5 Which of the following schools of thought employed Marxian theory? (PYQ 2024)

A Humanistic

B Behavioural

C Radical

D Post-modernism

💡 Short Explanation

Radical school emerged in the 1970s. It used Marxian theory to explain social problems. It focused on poverty, inequality, and deprivation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The Radical school of thought in human geography used Marxian theory. → It tried to explain the causes of poverty, inequality, and social injustice. → It viewed these problems as outcomes of unequal social and economic structures. → Therefore, the Radical school is directly associated with Marxian theory. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Humanistic → It focused on human experience, values, and agency.
B) Behavioural → It focused on human perception and decision-making.
D) Post-modernism → It questioned universal theories and emphasized local contexts.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because humanistic geography focuses on human experience.
Option B → Incorrect because behavioural geography focuses on perception and behaviour.
Option C → Correct because radical geography used Marxian theory.
Option D → Incorrect because post-modernism focuses on local context.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

6 Identify the correct statements about approaches in Geography. (PYQ 2024)
Statements:
(A) Regional analysis was prevalent in Later Colonial period in Geography.
(B) Areal differentiation was the prominent approach in the 1930s in Geography.
(C) Emergence of humanistic, radical and behavioural schools took place in 1980s.
(D) Post-Modernism in Geography was prevalent in 1990s.

A (A), (C) and (D) only

B (A), (B) and (D) only

C (A), (B) and (C) only

D (B), (C) and (D) only

💡 Short Explanation

Regional analysis was important during the later colonial period. Areal differentiation became prominent in the 1930s. Humanistic, radical and behavioural schools emerged in the 1970s, not 1980s.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Statement (A) is correct because regional analysis was prevalent during the later colonial period. → Statement (B) is correct because areal differentiation was a major approach in the 1930s. → Statement (C) is incorrect because humanistic, radical and behavioural schools emerged in the 1970s, not the 1980s. → Statement (D) is correct because post-modernism became prominent in the 1990s. → Therefore, the correct combination is (A), (B) and (D) only. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A), (C) and (D) only → Incorrect because Statement (C) is wrong.
C) (A), (B) and (C) only → Incorrect because Statement (C) is wrong.
D) (B), (C) and (D) only → Incorrect because Statement (C) is wrong.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement (A) → Correct because regional analysis belongs to the later colonial period.
Statement (B) → Correct because areal differentiation was prominent in the 1930s.
Statement (C) → Incorrect because these schools emerged in the 1970s, not 1980s.
Statement (D) → Correct because post-modernism was prevalent in the 1990s.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

7 Arrange the following approaches in a sequence according to their periodical development. (PYQ 2022)
Statements:
(A) Spatial organization
(B) Regional analysis
(C) Humanistic approach
(D) Areal differentiation

A (A), (B), (D), (C)

B (B), (C), (A), (D)

C (D), (A), (C), (B)

D (B), (D), (A), (C)

💡 Short Explanation

Human geography first focused on regional analysis. Later, it moved to areal differentiation and spatial organization. Humanistic approaches emerged later in the 1970s.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The chronological sequence of these approaches is: → (B) Regional analysis came first during the early phase of geographical studies. → (D) Areal differentiation became prominent in the 1930s. → (A) Spatial organization became important during the quantitative revolution of the 1950s and 1960s. → (C) Humanistic approach emerged in the 1970s. → Therefore, the correct order is (B), (D), (A), (C). → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A), (B), (D), (C) → Incorrect because spatial organization did not come before regional analysis.
B) (B), (C), (A), (D) → Incorrect because humanistic approach came after spatial organization.
C) (D), (A), (C), (B) → Incorrect because regional analysis was earlier than areal differentiation.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect chronological sequence.
Option B → Incorrect because humanistic approach is placed too early.
Option C → Incorrect because regional analysis is placed last.
Option D → Correct because it follows the proper order.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

8 Arrange the development of following approaches in geography in chronological order. (PYQ 2022)
Statements:
(A) Areal differentiation
(B) Post-modernism
(C) Regional analysis
(D) Behavioural school

A (C), (A), (B), (D)

B (A), (B), (C), (D)

C (C), (A), (D), (B)

D (A), (D), (C), (B)

💡 Short Explanation

Regional analysis came first. Areal differentiation became prominent in the 1930s. Behavioural school emerged in the 1970s. Post-modernism became prominent in the 1990s.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The correct chronological order is: → (C) Regional analysis came first during the earlier phase of human geography. → (A) Areal differentiation became prominent in the 1930s. → (D) Behavioural school emerged in the 1970s as a reaction to quantitative approaches. → (B) Post-modernism became prominent in the 1990s. → Therefore, the correct sequence is (C), (A), (D), (B). → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (C), (A), (B), (D) → Incorrect because post-modernism came after behavioural school.
B) (A), (B), (C), (D) → Incorrect because regional analysis is placed too late.
D) (A), (D), (C), (B) → Incorrect because regional analysis should come before areal differentiation.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because post-modernism is placed before behavioural school.
Option B → Incorrect chronological order.
Option C → Correct because it follows the proper timeline.
Option D → Incorrect because regional analysis is misplaced.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

9 Human adapted to the dictates of nature, because the level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also primitive. This type of interaction between human and nature was termed as (PYQ 2023)

A Environmental determinism

B Neo-determinism

C Humanisation of Nature

D Possibilism

💡 Short Explanation

Early humans depended heavily on nature. Low technology made humans adapt to natural conditions. This shows environmental determinism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Environmental determinism is the approach in which nature controls or determines human life. → In the primitive stage of social development, humans had very low technology. → They adapted to the dictates of nature and were often afraid of natural forces. → This condition is also called the naturalisation of humans. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Neo-determinism → This is a middle path between determinism and possibilism.
C) Humanisation of Nature → This occurs when humans use technology to modify nature.
D) Possibilism → This emphasizes human ability to use natural possibilities through technology.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because primitive humans were controlled by nature.
Option B → Incorrect because it represents a balanced approach.
Option C → Incorrect because it shows human dominance over nature.
Option D → Incorrect because it shows human choice and agency.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

10 Arrange the following approaches of human geography in order of their emergence. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) Post-modernism
(B) Areal Differentiation
(C) Spatial Organisation
(D) Regional Analysis

A (D), (B), (C), (A)

B (C), (D), (A), (B)

C (D), (C), (A), (B)

D (D), (C), (B), (A)

💡 Short Explanation

Human geography evolved from descriptive to analytical approaches. Regional analysis came before areal differentiation. Spatial organisation came later, followed by post-modernism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The correct sequence of approaches is: → (D) Regional Analysis came first during the earlier phase of human geography. → (B) Areal Differentiation became prominent in the 1930s. → (C) Spatial Organisation emerged during the quantitative revolution of the 1950s and 1960s. → (A) Post-modernism became prominent in the 1990s. → Therefore, the correct order is (D), (B), (C), (A). → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) (C), (D), (A), (B) → Incorrect because spatial organisation did not come first.
C) (D), (C), (A), (B) → Incorrect because areal differentiation should come before spatial organisation.
D) (D), (C), (B), (A) → Incorrect because spatial organisation is placed before areal differentiation.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because it follows the proper chronological development.
Option B → Incorrect because spatial organisation is placed too early.
Option C → Incorrect because post-modernism is placed before areal differentiation.
Option D → Incorrect because areal differentiation is misplaced.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

11 Match List I with List II. (PYQ 2023)

List I (Branch of Human Geography)	List II (Discipline)
A. Population Geography	I. Sociology
B. Social Geography	II. Military Science
C. Political Geography	III. Agricultural Science
D. Economic Geography	IV. Demography

A (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)

B (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)

C (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)

D (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)

💡 Short Explanation

Population Geography is linked with Demography. Social Geography is linked with Sociology. Political Geography may include Military Science. Economic Geography is linked with Agricultural Science.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Population Geography studies population distribution, growth, density, and composition, so it is linked with Demography. → Social Geography studies society and social behaviour, so it is linked with Sociology. → Political Geography studies political spaces, boundaries, and power, and it is linked with Military Science. → Economic Geography studies economic activities, including agriculture, so it is linked with Agricultural Science. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III). → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I) → Incorrect because Population Geography is not best matched with Agricultural Science.
B) (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(II) → Incorrect because Population Geography should be matched with Demography.
D) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV) → Incorrect because the branches and disciplines are mismatched.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect matching.
Option B → Incorrect because Population Geography is not Sociology.
Option C → Correct because Population = Demography.
Option D → Incorrect matching.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

12 "Human Geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and the earth's surface." Among the following, who gave the above definition of Human Geography? (PYQ 2023)

A Paul Vidal de la Blache

B Ellen C. Semple

C Ratzel

D Ralph W. Emerson

💡 Short Explanation

This definition uses the keyword "synthetic study." It focuses on the relationship between human societies and the earth's surface. This definition was given by Friedrich Ratzel.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Friedrich Ratzel defined human geography as the synthetic study of the relationship between human societies and the earth's surface. → His definition highlights the connection between humans and their physical environment. → Ratzel is also considered an important figure in the development of modern human geography. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Paul Vidal de la Blache → He is associated with possibilism and a different definition.
B) Ellen C. Semple → She gave the definition involving "unresting man" and "unstable earth."
D) Ralph W. Emerson → He is not associated with this NCERT definition of human geography.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Blache is linked with possibilism.
Option B → Incorrect because Semple gave another definition.
Option C → Correct because "synthetic study" is linked with Ratzel.
Option D → Incorrect because he is not the correct geographer here.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

13 Which one of the following is not the approach of Human Geography? (PYQ 2023)

A Regional Analysis

B Areal Differentiation

C Technological Analysis

D Post-Modernism

💡 Short Explanation

Regional Analysis is an approach of human geography. Areal Differentiation is also a recognized approach. Post-Modernism is a later approach. Technological Analysis is not listed as a formal approach.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Human Geography has developed through several approaches such as regional analysis, areal differentiation, spatial organisation, behavioural approach, radical approach, humanistic approach, and post-modernism. → "Technological Analysis" is not recognized as one of the formal approaches of human geography. → Technology is important in human-environment interaction, but it is not a separate historical approach in this context. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Regional Analysis → This is a recognized approach of human geography.
B) Areal Differentiation → This is a recognized approach of human geography.
D) Post-Modernism → This is a recognized modern approach of human geography.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it is a valid approach.
Option B → Incorrect because it is a valid approach.
Option C → Correct because it is not a formal approach of human geography.
Option D → Incorrect because it is a valid approach.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

14 Who introduced stop and go determinism? (PYQ 2023)

A Ratzel

B Ellen Semple

C Griffith Taylor

D Paul Vidal de la Blache

💡 Short Explanation

Stop and Go Determinism is also called Neo-determinism. It is a middle path between determinism and possibilism. It was introduced by Griffith Taylor.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Griffith Taylor introduced the concept of Neo-determinism, also known as Stop and Go Determinism. → This approach suggests that humans can use nature, but they must obey natural limits. → It rejects both absolute environmental control and absolute human freedom. → It is often explained through the traffic signal analogy, where humans can move but must follow the signals set by nature. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Ratzel → He is associated with environmental determinism.
B) Ellen Semple → She supported environmental determinism.
D) Paul Vidal de la Blache → He is associated with possibilism.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Ratzel is linked with determinism.
Option B → Incorrect because Semple is linked with determinism.
Option C → Correct because Griffith Taylor introduced Stop and Go Determinism.
Option D → Incorrect because Blache is linked with possibilism.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

15 Arrange the following approaches in the order. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) Spatial organization
(B) Exploration and description
(C) Post modernism in geography
(D) Regional Analysis

A (A), (C), (B), (D)

B (B), (D), (A), (C)

C (C), (D), (B), (A)

D (D), (A), (C), (B)

💡 Short Explanation

Human Geography began with exploration and description. It later moved to regional analysis. Spatial organization emerged during the quantitative phase. Post-modernism came later in the 1990s.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The correct order of development is: → (B) Exploration and description came first during the colonial phase. → (D) Regional Analysis developed later as geography focused on regions. → (A) Spatial Organization emerged during the quantitative revolution of the 1950s and 1960s. → (C) Post-modernism in geography became prominent in the 1990s. → Therefore, the correct sequence is (B), (D), (A), (C). → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A), (C), (B), (D) → Incorrect because spatial organization did not come first.
C) (C), (D), (B), (A) → Incorrect because post-modernism cannot come first.
D) (D), (A), (C), (B) → Incorrect because exploration and description should come first.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect chronological sequence.
Option B → Correct because it starts with exploration and ends with post-modernism.
Option C → Incorrect because post-modernism is placed first.
Option D → Incorrect because exploration is placed last.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

16 The concept "neither there is a situation of absolute necessity nor absolute freedom" is called: (PYQ 2023)

A Environmentalism

B Probablism

C Possibilism

D Neo-determinism

💡 Short Explanation

Neo-determinism is a middle path. It rejects both absolute necessity and absolute freedom. It was introduced by Griffith Taylor.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Neo-determinism is also known as Stop and Go Determinism. → It states that humans are not completely controlled by nature, but they are also not completely free from natural limits. → It takes a balanced position between environmental determinism and possibilism. → According to this idea, humans can use nature wisely by following natural limits. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Environmentalism → It gives more importance to nature's control.
B) Probablism → It suggests probable outcomes but is not the concept described here.
C) Possibilism → It gives more importance to human freedom and possibilities.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it is closer to environmental control.
Option B → Incorrect because it does not directly explain the middle path.
Option C → Incorrect because it emphasizes human freedom.
Option D → Correct because neo-determinism balances nature and human action.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

17 Radical school approach in human geography is related to: (PYQ 2023)

A Encyclopaedic description of the area

B Identifying the uniqueness of any region

C Identifying mappable pattern for different human activities

D Explaining the basic cause of poverty and social inequality

💡 Short Explanation

Radical geography emerged in the 1970s. It used Marxian theory. It focused on poverty, inequality, and social injustice.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The Radical school of geography emerged as a reaction against the quantitative revolution. → It focused on social problems such as poverty, deprivation, and inequality. → It used Marxian theory to explain how economic and social structures create inequality. → Therefore, the Radical school is related to explaining the basic cause of poverty and social inequality. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Encyclopaedic description of the area → This relates to earlier descriptive geography.
B) Identifying the uniqueness of any region → This relates to areal differentiation or regional analysis.
C) Identifying mappable pattern for different human activities → This relates to spatial organization and quantitative geography.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it is descriptive.
Option B → Incorrect because it focuses on regional uniqueness.
Option C → Incorrect because it focuses on mapping and spatial patterns.
Option D → Correct because radical geography deals with poverty and inequality.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

18 Discontentment with quantitative revolution did not lead to the emergence of: (PYQ 2023)

A Humanistic school of geography

B Radical Geography

C Regional Geography

D Behavioural Geography

💡 Short Explanation

Humanistic, Radical, and Behavioural schools emerged due to dissatisfaction with quantitative revolution. These approaches came in the 1970s. Regional Geography is an older traditional approach.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The Quantitative Revolution emphasized mathematical models, statistics, and objective analysis. → Many geographers felt that it ignored human values, emotions, inequality, and social reality. → This discontent led to the emergence of Humanistic, Radical, and Behavioural schools. → Regional Geography, however, existed much earlier and was not a result of dissatisfaction with the quantitative revolution. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Humanistic school of geography → It emerged as a reaction to quantitative approaches.
B) Radical Geography → It emerged to address inequality and social injustice.
D) Behavioural Geography → It emerged to study human perception and behaviour.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it emerged due to discontentment with quantitative revolution.
Option B → Incorrect because it also emerged as a reaction.
Option C → Correct because it is an older approach.
Option D → Incorrect because it emerged as a reaction to quantitative geography.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

19 __________ is a sub-field of Social Geography. (PYQ 2023)

A Geography of Leisure

B Geography of Resources

C Geography of Tourism

D Geography of Agriculture

💡 Short Explanation

Social Geography studies social life and human society. Geography of Leisure is related to social activities and use of free time. Resources, Tourism, and Agriculture are linked with Economic Geography.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Geography of Leisure is a sub-field of Social Geography. → It studies how people use their free time and how leisure activities are organized spatially. → Since leisure is connected with social behaviour, culture, recreation, and lifestyle, it comes under Social Geography. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Geography of Resources → This is a sub-field of Economic Geography.
C) Geography of Tourism → This is generally treated as a sub-field of Economic Geography.
D) Geography of Agriculture → This is a sub-field of Economic Geography.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because leisure is connected with social life.
Option B → Incorrect because resources belong to Economic Geography.
Option C → Incorrect because tourism is an economic/service activity.
Option D → Incorrect because agriculture is an economic activity.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

20 Who, of the following, defined Human Geography as "Conception resulting from a more synthetic knowledge of the physical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the living beings which inhabit it"? (PYQ 2024)

A Ratzel

B Blache

C Taylor

D Semple

💡 Short Explanation

This definition was given by Paul Vidal de la Blache. He emphasized the relationship between physical laws and living beings. He is associated with possibilism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Paul Vidal de la Blache defined Human Geography as a conception resulting from synthetic knowledge of physical laws governing the earth and the relations between living beings. → His approach emphasized the interaction between humans and nature. → He is also known for the concept of possibilism, which gives importance to human choice within natural conditions. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Ratzel → He defined human geography as the synthetic study of the relationship between human societies and the earth's surface.
C) Taylor → He is associated with Neo-determinism or Stop and Go Determinism.
D) Semple → She defined human geography using the phrase "unresting man and unstable earth."

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Ratzel gave a different definition.
Option B → Correct because this definition belongs to Blache.
Option C → Incorrect because Taylor introduced Neo-determinism.
Option D → Incorrect because Semple gave another definition.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

21 "Geography is the study of human beings and environment where nature is supreme that dictates the lifestyle of human beings." Identify the geographical approach referred to in this statement from the following. (PYQ 2024)

A Possibilism

B Environmental Determinism

C Behaviouralism

D Humanism

💡 Short Explanation

Environmental Determinism gives supreme importance to nature. It considers humans as passive agents influenced by the environment. The phrase "nature is supreme" directly indicates Environmental Determinism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Environmental Determinism is a geographical approach in which nature is considered the controlling force. → According to this view, the physical environment determines human lifestyle, culture, occupation, and development. → The statement says that nature is supreme and dictates the lifestyle of human beings. → This clearly matches the idea of Environmental Determinism. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Possibilism → This approach says that nature provides possibilities and humans choose how to use them.
C) Behaviouralism → This approach focuses on human perception, decision-making, and behaviour.
D) Humanism → This approach emphasizes human values, agency, experience, and social well-being.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because possibilism gives more importance to human choice.
Option B → Correct because nature is shown as the supreme controlling force.
Option C → Incorrect because behaviouralism focuses on human perception.
Option D → Incorrect because humanism focuses on human agency and experience.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

22 Which of the following geographers described the 'state/country' as a 'living organism'? (PYQ 2024)

A French

B German

C Australian

D Indian

💡 Short Explanation

Friedrich Ratzel described the state as a living organism. Ratzel was a German geographer. He connected the growth of a state with the idea of living space.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The idea of the state or country as a living organism is associated with Friedrich Ratzel. → Ratzel was a German geographer. → He believed that the state grows like a living organism and requires space for survival and expansion. → This idea is linked with the concept of Lebensraum or living space. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) French → French geographers are more closely associated with possibilism, especially Vidal de la Blache.
C) Australian → Griffith Taylor, an Australian geographer, is associated with Neo-determinism.
D) Indian → The specific "living organism" theory in modern geography is not associated with Indian geographers.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because French geography is linked with possibilism.
Option B → Correct because Ratzel was a German geographer.
Option C → Incorrect because Australian geography is linked here with Griffith Taylor and Neo-determinism.
Option D → Incorrect because this theory is not specifically associated with Indian geographers.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

23 Match List-I with List-II. (PYQ 2024)

List-I (Approaches in Human Geography)	List-II (Broad features)
A. Areal Differentiation	I. Identifying the uniqueness of any region
B. Spatial Organisation	II. Application of quantitative techniques
C. Behavioural School	III. Discontent with quantitative revolution
D. Post-modernism	IV. Focus on local context

A (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

B (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)

C (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

D (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

💡 Short Explanation

Areal Differentiation focuses on the uniqueness of regions. Spatial Organisation uses quantitative techniques. Behavioural School emerged due to dissatisfaction with quantitative geography. Post-modernism focuses on local context.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Areal Differentiation focuses on identifying the uniqueness of any region. → Spatial Organisation is linked with the application of quantitative techniques and statistical methods. → Behavioural School emerged as a response to the discontent with the quantitative revolution. → Post-modernism emphasizes the importance of understanding local contexts instead of applying universal theories. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV). → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV) → Incorrect because Spatial Organisation should be matched with quantitative techniques.
C) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III) → Incorrect because Behavioural School is not primarily linked with local context.
D) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) → Incorrect because all major pairings are mismatched.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because all approaches are matched with their proper features.
Option B → Incorrect because Spatial Organisation and Behavioural School are mismatched.
Option C → Incorrect because Behavioural School and Post-modernism are mismatched.
Option D → Incorrect because the pairings do not follow the correct concepts.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

24 The presence of naturalised human is prevalent in the doctrines of (PYQ 2023)

A Neo-determinism

B Possibilism

C Environmental determinism

D Probabilism

💡 Short Explanation

Naturalised human refers to humans being controlled by nature. It shows a stage of low technological development. This concept is linked with Environmental Determinism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The concept of naturalised human means that humans adapt themselves completely to the dictates of nature. → In this condition, nature is viewed as a powerful force and humans are passive agents. → This is common in the early stages of human development when technology is very low. → Such a doctrine is known as Environmental Determinism. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Neo-determinism → This is a middle path between determinism and possibilism.
B) Possibilism → This emphasizes human ability to modify nature through technology.
D) Probabilism → This suggests probable choices but is not the doctrine of naturalised human.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Neo-determinism balances nature and human action.
Option B → Incorrect because possibilism represents human agency.
Option C → Correct because naturalised human means nature controls humans.
Option D → Incorrect because probabilism is not the direct concept here.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

25 Which of the following did not emerge during 1970s? (PYQ 2023)

A Humanistic approach

B Spatial organisation approach

C Welfare approach

D Radical approach

💡 Short Explanation

Humanistic, Welfare, and Radical approaches emerged in the 1970s. Spatial organisation was linked with the quantitative revolution. Spatial organisation emerged earlier, mainly in the 1950s and 1960s.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The 1970s saw the emergence of human-centred approaches in geography. → These included Humanistic, Welfare, and Radical approaches. → These approaches developed as a reaction against the highly statistical and mechanical nature of the quantitative revolution. → Spatial Organisation, however, belonged to the quantitative phase of the late 1950s and 1960s. → Therefore, it did not emerge during the 1970s. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Humanistic approach → It emerged during the 1970s.
C) Welfare approach → It emerged during the 1970s.
D) Radical approach → It emerged during the 1970s and used Marxian theory.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it did emerge in the 1970s.
Option B → Correct because Spatial Organisation belongs to the 1950s–60s.
Option C → Incorrect because Welfare approach emerged in the 1970s.
Option D → Incorrect because Radical approach emerged in the 1970s.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

26 Which of the following is the sub-field of Social Geography? (PYQ 2023)

A Behavioural Geography

B Electoral Geography

C Geography of Agriculture

D Geography of Resources

💡 Short Explanation

Social Geography studies human society and social behaviour. Behavioural Geography studies human perception and behaviour in space. Electoral Geography belongs to Political Geography, while Agriculture and Resources belong to Economic Geography.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Behavioural Geography is a sub-field of Social Geography. → It studies how human perception, psychology, and behaviour influence spatial decisions. → Since it focuses on social and behavioural aspects of humans, it is placed under Social Geography. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Electoral Geography → This is a sub-field of Political Geography.
C) Geography of Agriculture → This is a sub-field of Economic Geography.
D) Geography of Resources → This is a sub-field of Economic Geography.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because behavioural studies are linked with social life.
Option B → Incorrect because elections belong to Political Geography.
Option C → Incorrect because agriculture is an economic activity.
Option D → Incorrect because resources are studied under Economic Geography.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

27 Which of the following discipline is not related to Gender Geography? (PYQ 2023)

A Sociology

B Demography

C Anthropology

D Women's Studies

💡 Short Explanation

Gender Geography is linked with social and cultural studies. Sociology, Anthropology, and Women's Studies are related to Gender Geography. Demography is mainly linked with Population Geography.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Gender Geography studies gender relations, gender roles, and their spatial dimensions. → It is closely related to Sociology, Anthropology, and Women's Studies because these disciplines examine society, culture, identity, and gender relations. → Demography mainly studies population statistics such as birth rate, death rate, sex ratio, age structure, and migration. → Therefore, Demography is more directly related to Population Geography than Gender Geography. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Sociology → It is related to Gender Geography because it studies society and social relations.
C) Anthropology → It is related to Gender Geography because it studies culture and human societies.
D) Women's Studies → It is directly related to Gender Geography.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Sociology is related to Gender Geography.
Option B → Correct because Demography is mainly linked with Population Geography.
Option C → Incorrect because Anthropology is related to Gender Geography.
Option D → Incorrect because Women's Studies is directly related to Gender Geography.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

📄 Passage

Benda is a member of the Madia Gond tribe living in the forest region of Abujhmar in Chhattisgarh. His life is closely connected with nature. He depends on the forest for food, livelihood and daily needs. The forest, known as Penda, is very important in his life. Benda enters the forest to collect herbal parts and forest products such as Gajjhara and Kuchla. These products are later exchanged at the Madhai tribal fair for necessary items like cloth, salt and other goods.
This passage shows the close relationship between human beings and nature in the early stage of human development. Benda's lifestyle represents the naturalisation of humans, where people adapt themselves to the dictates of nature and depend directly on the physical environment for survival.

Question:
To which one of the following 'Benda' represents as given in the passage? (PYQ 2023)

A Tribe living in the area

B Weaver

C Trader

D Fisherman

💡 Short Explanation

Benda represents a tribal person living in the area. He is associated with the Madia Gond tribe. His lifestyle reflects close dependence on nature.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the passage, Benda represents a person from a tribal community living in the forest region. → He belongs to the Madia Gond tribal group. → His life is closely connected with nature, forest resources, and traditional practices. → This example is used to show the naturalisation of humans, where humans adapt to the rhythms of nature. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Weaver → Benda is not described primarily as a weaver.
C) Trader → He may exchange forest products, but he is not mainly represented as a trader.
D) Fisherman → He is not primarily identified as a fisherman in the passage.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because Benda represents a tribal person living in the area.
Option B → Incorrect because weaving is not his identity in the passage.
Option C → Incorrect because exchange does not make him a professional trader.
Option D → Incorrect because fishing is not his main identity.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

📄 Passage

Question:
To which one of the following 'Penda' is referred in the text? (PYQ 2023)

A A tribe

B A hut

C Forest

D Succulent leaves

💡 Short Explanation

Penda refers to the forest area. It is connected with Benda's natural environment. It also relates to forest-based livelihood and shifting cultivation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the text, Penda refers to the forest. → It represents the natural surroundings where Benda lives and collects forest products. → The term is associated with the forest-based lifestyle of tribal communities. → Since Benda's life is closely connected with the forest, Penda is referred to as the forest. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) A tribe → The tribe is Madia Gond, not Penda.
B) A hut → Penda does not refer to a hut.
D) Succulent leaves → Succulent leaves are forest products, but Penda refers to the forest.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Penda is not the name of a tribe.
Option B → Incorrect because it does not mean hut.
Option C → Correct because Penda refers to forest.
Option D → Incorrect because leaves are not the meaning of Penda.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

📄 Passage

Question:
Benda went to the forest for (PYQ 2023)

A Hunting

B Bringing wood

C Collecting herbs

D Cultivating land

💡 Short Explanation

Benda went to the forest to collect herbs. Herbs were important forest products. These products were later exchanged in the tribal fair.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the passage, Benda goes to the forest to collect herbs and forest products. → These herbs are useful for his livelihood and exchange. → His activity reflects a close relationship between tribal communities and the natural environment. → It also shows dependence on forest resources. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Hunting → The specific purpose mentioned is collecting herbs, not hunting.
B) Bringing wood → The passage focuses on herb collection, not wood collection.
D) Cultivating land → Though shifting cultivation may be associated with tribal life, the specific activity here is collecting herbs.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because hunting is not the stated purpose.
Option B → Incorrect because bringing wood is not mentioned as the purpose.
Option C → Correct because Benda went to collect herbs.
Option D → Incorrect because cultivation is not the specific activity in this question.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

📄 Passage

Question:
Which one of the following products were collected by Benda? (PYQ 2023)

A Loi - Lugi

B Gajjhara and Kuchla

C Mahua and Palash

D Sal and Neem

💡 Short Explanation

Benda collected specific forest products from the forest. Gajjhara and Kuchla are mentioned in the passage. These products are connected with the forest-based life of tribal communities.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the passage, Benda is described as collecting forest products. → The specific products mentioned are Gajjhara and Kuchla. → These are connected with the natural environment and traditional forest-based livelihood of the tribal community. → The example shows how tribal communities depend on forest resources for survival and exchange. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Loi - Lugi → These are items obtained in exchange, not collected from the forest.
C) Mahua and Palash → These are common forest-related names but are not the specific products mentioned here.
D) Sal and Neem → These are trees, but they are not the specific products collected by Benda in the passage.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Loi-Lugi refers to exchanged items.
Option B → Correct because Gajjhara and Kuchla are the products collected by Benda.
Option C → Incorrect because Mahua and Palash are not the correct pair here.
Option D → Incorrect because Sal and Neem are not mentioned as the collected products.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

📄 Passage

Question:
At which of the following places, Benda exchanges collected herbal parts? (PYQ 2023)

A Village Market

B Madhai tribal fair

C Town Market

D Loi-Lungi

💡 Short Explanation

Benda exchanged collected herbal parts at a tribal fair. The specific place mentioned is the Madhai tribal fair. This shows barter and traditional tribal exchange practices.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Benda collected herbal parts and forest products from the forest. → These collected products were exchanged at the Madhai tribal fair. → Madhai tribal fair acted as a place of social and economic interaction for tribal people. → The exchange reflects the traditional livelihood and barter practices of forest-dependent communities. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Village Market → This is a general term, but the passage specifically mentions Madhai tribal fair.
C) Town Market → The exchange did not take place in a town market.
D) Loi-Lungi → This refers to an item, not the place of exchange.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because the specific place is not village market.
Option B → Correct because Benda exchanges herbal parts at Madhai tribal fair.
Option C → Incorrect because town market is not mentioned.
Option D → Incorrect because Loi-Lungi is not a place.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

33 Griffith Taylor introduced ________ in human geography. (PYQ 2023)

A Environmental determinism

B Neo determinism

C Possibilism

D Post-modernism

💡 Short Explanation

Griffith Taylor introduced Neo-determinism. It is also called Stop and Go Determinism. It is a middle path between Environmental Determinism and Possibilism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Griffith Taylor introduced the concept of Neo-determinism in human geography. → Neo-determinism is also known as Stop and Go Determinism. → It states that humans can use and modify nature, but they must work within natural limits. → It rejects both complete control by nature and complete freedom of humans. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Environmental determinism → This is associated with nature controlling human life and was supported by earlier geographers like Ratzel and Semple.
C) Possibilism → This is associated with human choice and the ability to use natural possibilities.
D) Post-modernism → This is a later approach that focuses on local context and questions universal theories.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Griffith Taylor did not introduce Environmental Determinism.
Option B → Correct because Griffith Taylor introduced Neo-determinism.
Option C → Incorrect because Possibilism is linked with Vidal de la Blache and others.
Option D → Incorrect because Post-modernism emerged much later.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

34 ________ is NOT the part of Economic Geography. (PYQ 2023)

A Business Studies

B Agricultural Sciences

C Resource Economics

D Welfare Economics

💡 Short Explanation

Economic Geography studies economic activities and their spatial distribution. Business, agriculture, and resources are linked with economic activities. Welfare Economics is more related to social well-being.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Economic Geography studies the location, distribution, and organization of economic activities. → It includes areas such as business, agriculture, resources, industries, trade, and transport. → Welfare Economics deals with welfare, well-being, and social distribution of benefits. → Therefore, Welfare Economics is not considered a direct part of Economic Geography in this classification. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Business Studies → It is related to commercial and economic activities.
B) Agricultural Sciences → It is related to agricultural activity, which is part of Economic Geography.
C) Resource Economics → It is directly related to resources and economic use of resources.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because business is economic in nature.
Option B → Incorrect because agriculture is an economic activity.
Option C → Incorrect because resources are part of Economic Geography.
Option D → Correct because welfare is linked more with social well-being than economic geography.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

35 The humanisation of nature represents which of the following concept of man-environment relationship? (PYQ 2023)

A Possibilism

B Determinism

C Neo-determinism

D Probablism

💡 Short Explanation

Humanisation of nature means humans modify nature. It shows human creativity, knowledge, and technology. This idea is linked with Possibilism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Possibilism is the concept that nature provides opportunities and humans use them according to their needs. → When humans use technology and knowledge to modify the natural environment, it is called the humanisation of nature. → Examples include building ports, cities, roads, and transport networks. → This shows that humans are active agents in shaping the environment. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Determinism → It gives importance to nature controlling human life, which is opposite to humanisation of nature.
C) Neo-determinism → It is a middle path between determinism and possibilism.
D) Probablism → It suggests probable choices but is not the direct concept of humanisation of nature.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because Possibilism explains human modification of nature.
Option B → Incorrect because Determinism means nature controls humans.
Option C → Incorrect because Neo-determinism is a balanced approach.
Option D → Incorrect because Probablism is not the exact concept here.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

36 The concept of Neo-determinism was propounded by (PYQ 2023)

A Ellen C. Semple

B Ratzel

C Griffith Taylor

D Vidal de la Blache

💡 Short Explanation

Neo-determinism was propounded by Griffith Taylor. It is also called Stop and Go Determinism. It balances nature's limits and human freedom.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Griffith Taylor propounded the concept of Neo-determinism. → Neo-determinism presents a middle path between Environmental Determinism and Possibilism. → It states that humans are not completely controlled by nature, but they cannot completely ignore natural limits either. → Taylor explained this idea through the Stop and Go approach, similar to traffic signals. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Ellen C. Semple → She is associated with Environmental Determinism.
B) Ratzel → He is also associated with Environmental Determinism.
D) Vidal de la Blache → He is associated with Possibilism.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Semple supported Determinism.
Option B → Incorrect because Ratzel is linked with Determinism.
Option C → Correct because Griffith Taylor propounded Neo-determinism.
Option D → Incorrect because Blache is linked with Possibilism.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

37 __________ is a sub-field of Economic Geography. (PYQ 2023)

A Geography of Leisure

B Geography of Election

C Geography of Social Well-being

D Geography of Tourism

💡 Short Explanation

Economic Geography studies economic activities. Tourism is a service-sector economic activity. Therefore, Geography of Tourism is a sub-field of Economic Geography.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Economic Geography studies the spatial distribution of economic activities such as agriculture, industry, trade, transport, resources, and services. → Tourism is an important service-sector activity that generates income, employment, and movement of people. → Since tourism has economic importance, Geography of Tourism is considered a sub-field of Economic Geography. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Geography of Leisure → This is a sub-field of Social Geography.
B) Geography of Election → This is a sub-field of Political Geography.
C) Geography of Social Well-being → This is a sub-field of Social Geography.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because leisure is linked with Social Geography.
Option B → Incorrect because election is linked with Political Geography.
Option C → Incorrect because social well-being is linked with Social Geography.
Option D → Correct because tourism is an economic/service activity.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

38 Match List-I with List-II. (PYQ 2023)

List-I (Period)	List-II (Approaches)
A. 1930s (Inter-war)	I. Post-modernism in geography
B. Late 1950s to late 1960s	II. Humanistic/Radical/Behavioural
C. 1970s	III. Areal differentiation
D. 1990s	IV. Spatial organisation

A (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

B (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

C (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

D (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

💡 Short Explanation

1930s was the period of Areal Differentiation. Late 1950s to late 1960s was linked with Spatial Organisation. 1970s saw Humanistic, Radical, and Behavioural approaches. 1990s was linked with Post-modernism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The 1930s, also called the inter-war period, focused on Areal Differentiation. → The late 1950s to late 1960s was the period of the Quantitative Revolution and Spatial Organisation. → The 1970s saw the emergence of Humanistic, Radical, and Behavioural approaches due to dissatisfaction with quantitative methods. → The 1990s was marked by the rise of Post-modernism in Geography. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I). → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) → Incorrect because all major periods are mismatched.
B) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) → Incorrect because 1930s is not Humanistic/Radical/Behavioural, and 1990s is not Areal Differentiation.
D) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) → Incorrect because late 1950s to late 1960s should be Spatial Organisation, not Post-modernism.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because the periods and approaches are mismatched.
Option B → Incorrect because 1990s is wrongly matched.
Option C → Correct because all periods match their proper approaches.
Option D → Incorrect because Spatial Organisation and Post-modernism are misplaced.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 1

Test Complete!

Answer Review