CUET UG Categorised PYQ Business Studies Unit 2

(Detailed) → Method study is a technique of scientific management. → It is used to identify the "one best way" of performing a task. → The concept of assembly line is linked with arranging work in the most efficient sequence. → Since assembly line production depends on the best method of work, it is connected with Method study. → Hence, Method study is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → (A) People and material must be in suitable places at appropriate time for maximum efficiency matches with (II) Order. → (B) This principle resembles with military organisation matches with (IV) Unity of command, because one subordinate should receive orders from one superior. → (C) It will minimize the need for using penalties matches with (I) Espirit de corps, because team spirit reduces conflicts. → (D) Employees should be given reasonable time to show results matches with (III) Stability of tenure. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III).

(Detailed) → (A) Separation of planning and execution function matches with (IV) Functional foremanship. → (B) Setting benchmarks for every business activity which must be adhered during production matches with (I) Standardisation of work. → (C) Eliminating superflous varieties, sizes and dimensions matches with (II) Simplification of work. → (D) Minimizing the cost of production and maximising the quality and satisfaction of the customers matches with (III) Method study. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III).

(Detailed) → (A) Speed Boss matches with (III) Timely and accurate completion of job because the speed boss is responsible for maintaining the speed of work. → (B) Route Clerk matches with (IV) Specify the path of production because the route clerk decides the route or sequence of operations. → (C) Gang Boss matches with (I) Keeping machines and tools ready for operation because the gang boss prepares the workers and equipment for work. → (D) Repair Boss matches with (II) Ensure proper working conditions of machines and tools because the repair boss maintains machines and tools. → Hence, (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Henri Fayol is called the Father of General Management. → He gave 14 principles of management. → Statement (B) Authority and Responsibility is one of Fayol's principles. → Statement (C) Subordination of individual interest to general interest is also Fayol's principle. → Statement (E) Discipline is another principle given by Fayol. → Statement (A) Cooperation not Individualism and Statement (D) Science not rule of thumb are principles of Scientific Management given by F.W. Taylor. → Hence, (B), (C) And (E) Only is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Unity of Command is one of Fayol's principles of management. → It states that an employee should receive orders from one superior only. → If an employee receives orders from more than one superior, confusion and conflict may arise. → This may undermine authority, disturb order and threaten discipline and stability. → The wording in the question directly refers to the violation of Unity of Command. → Hence, Unity of Command is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Time Study is a technique of Scientific Management. → It determines the standard time required by a worker of average skill to perform a well-defined job. → In the given case, the standard time to make one pen is determined as 10 minutes. → On this basis, standard production is calculated as 6 pens per hour. → Since the question is based on determining time and output per hour, the study used is Time Study. → Hence, Time Study is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → F.W. Taylor suggested various techniques of Scientific Management. → These techniques include Motion Study, Time Study, Fatigue Study, Method Study, Functional Foremanship and Standardisation. → Statement (A) Motion Study is a technique used to remove unnecessary movements. → Statement (B) Time Study is a technique used to determine standard time for a task. → Statement (E) Fatigue Study is a technique used to determine rest intervals. → Statement (C) Cooperation, not Individualism and Statement (D) Harmony not Discord are principles of Scientific Management, not techniques. → Hence, (A), (B) and (E) Only is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → (A) Science not rule of thumb matches with (II) Only one best method to maximise efficiency because Taylor emphasized scientific methods instead of guesswork. → (B) Harmony not Discord matches with (IV) Complete understanding between managers and workers because both should work in harmony. → (C) Cooperation not individualism matches with (I) Management should accept constructive suggestion of workers because cooperation requires mutual contribution. → (D) Development of each person to his or her greatest efficiency matches with (III) Worker Training because training improves efficiency. → Hence, (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Scalar Chain is one of Fayol's principles of management. → It refers to the formal line of authority from highest to lowest ranks in an organisation. → It shows who reports to whom in the organisational hierarchy. → In the case, Mr. Rajat works under Mr. Anil. → This formal authority relationship represents Scalar Chain. → Hence, Scalar Chain is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Subordination of individual interest to general interest is a principle given by Henri Fayol. → It means that the interest of the organisation should be given priority over personal or individual interest. → In the case, Mr. Anil takes care of employees but gives priority to organisational objectives. → This directly reflects the principle of Subordination of individual interest to general interest. → Hence, Subordination of individual interest to general interest is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Unity of Command is a principle of management given by Henri Fayol. → It states that one employee should receive orders from one superior only. → In the case, all subordinates obey the orders of Mr. Anil. → This shows a clear superior-subordinate command relationship. → Hence, Unity of Command is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Initiative is one of Fayol's principles of management. → It means that employees should be encouraged to develop and carry out plans or take actions on their own. → In the case, Mr. Anil's subordinates are self-motivated to take steps. → This reflects the principle of Initiative. → Hence, Initiative is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Kaizen is a Japanese term that means change for better or improvement. → It focuses on continuous improvement in work, processes, quality and efficiency. → It encourages small and regular improvements rather than sudden major changes. → Hence, Change for better or improvement is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → In Taylor's Functional Foremanship, there are two broad groups: planning incharge and production incharge. → Under planning incharge, the specialists include Route Clerk, Instruction Card Clerk, Time and Cost Clerk and Disciplinarian. → Under production incharge, the specialists include Speed Boss, Gang Boss, Repair Boss and Inspector. → Therefore, Inspector does not work under planning incharge. → Hence, Inspector is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Fatigue Study determines the amount and frequency of rest intervals required for workers. → It recognises that continuous work leads to fatigue, reducing efficiency. → By providing proper rest pauses, worker productivity and health improve. → Hence, Fatigue Study is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Order principle states that there should be a proper place for everything and everyone. → It ensures systematic arrangement of materials and human resources. → This reduces wastage of time and increases efficiency. → Hence, Order is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → (A) Benchmarks which must be adhered to during Production matches with (III) Standardisation because standardisation sets benchmarks for work. → (B) Separation of planning and execution functions matches with (IV) Functional Foremanship because it separates planning and execution work. → (C) Rest intervals are decided matches with (I) Fatigue Study because fatigue study decides rest pauses. → (D) Finding out one best way of doing the job matches with (II) Method Study because method study finds the best way of performing work. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II).

(Detailed) → F.W. Taylor gave the techniques of Scientific Management. → Statement (A) Functional Foremanship is a technique given by Taylor. → Statement (C) Method study is also a Taylor technique used to find the best method of work. → Statement (D) Motion study is a Taylor technique used to eliminate unnecessary movements. → Statement (B) Kanban and Statement (E) Kaizen are Japanese methods/concepts and are not specified by F.W. Taylor. → Hence, (A), (C) and (D) only is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Taylor's principle "Science, not rule of thumb" means that management decisions should be based on scientific analysis, observation and experimentation. → Earlier, managers often used traditional methods or personal judgement, known as rule of thumb. → Taylor introduced scientific inquiry into management practice to improve efficiency. → This principle requires replacing guesswork with scientifically tested methods of work. → Therefore, the correct answer is Science, not rule of thumb.

(Detailed) → (A) Obedience to organisational rules means (III) Discipline because discipline requires obedience, proper conduct and respect for rules. → (B) One boss for every individual employee means (IV) Unity of command because each employee should receive orders from only one superior. → (C) One head and one plan means (I) Unity of direction because activities with the same objective should have one head and one plan. → (D) Remuneration should be just and equitable means (II) Remuneration of employees because employees should receive fair payment for their work. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II).

(Detailed) → Standardisation of work means setting standards for materials, machines, tools, methods and working conditions. → It aims to reduce a given line or product to fixed types, sizes and characteristics. → This helps in maintaining uniformity, reducing wastage and improving efficiency. → Taylor used standardisation to ensure consistency in output and work processes. → Therefore, the correct answer is Standardisation of work.

(Detailed) → (A) Employees turnover should be minimised means (I) Stability of personnel because stable tenure improves efficiency and loyalty. → (B) Emphasises kindliness and justice means (II) Equity because equity requires fair and kind treatment of employees. → (C) Chain of authority and communication from top to bottom means (IV) Scalar chain because it is the formal line of authority. → (D) Promotes team spirit means (III) Espirit de corps because it means unity and team spirit among employees. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III).

(Detailed) → Unity of Direction is one of Fayol's principles of management. → It states that activities having the same objective should be directed by one manager using one plan. → This avoids duplication of efforts and ensures coordination. → The phrase "one head, one plan" directly refers to Unity of Direction. → Hence, Unity of Direction is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Taylor introduced scientific management to replace outdated rule-of-thumb practices. → Scientific Selection and Training means selecting workers according to their abilities and training them properly. → It ensures that the right worker is placed on the right job. → This improves efficiency and replaces old casual methods of hiring and training. → Hence, Scientific Selection and Training is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Standardisation is one of the techniques of Scientific Management. → It means setting standards for every business activity, such as methods, tools, machines and working conditions. → F.W. Taylor introduced standardisation as part of Scientific Management to improve efficiency and uniformity. → Hence, Taylor is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Principles of management are broad and general guidelines for managerial decision-making. → They are based on observation, experimentation and experience, not on personal instinct only. → Statement (B) is correct because principles help managers take thoughtful and logical decisions. → Statement (C) is correct because management principles are flexible and their application depends on the situation. → Statement (D) is correct because principles form the basis of management training, education and research. → Statement (A) is incorrect because principles are not based only on personal instinct. → Therefore, statements (B), (C), and (D) are correct. → Hence, Only (B), (C), and (D) is the correct answer.

(Detailed) → Unity of Command states that each employee should receive orders from only one superior. → This principle avoids confusion, dual command and conflict in instructions. → It creates clear authority and responsibility relationships. → The phrase "one superior only" directly indicates Unity of command. → Hence, Unity of command is the correct answer.