CUET UG Booster Psychology SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES Unit 7 Test ( M 5 ) -

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CUET UG Booster Psychology SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES Unit 7 Test ( M 5 )

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Booster Psychology SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES Unit 7 Test ( M 5 )

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

During a school assembly, Reena, who is usually very quiet, starts singing loudly because all her friends in the choir are singing passionately. Her behaviour change is a direct result of being part of an interacting and interdependent system. This illustrates:

Answer Review

1 During a school assembly, Reena, who is usually very quiet, starts singing loudly because all her friends in the choir are singing passionately. Her behaviour change is a direct result of being part of an interacting and interdependent system. This illustrates:

A Social loafing

B Social influence

C Groupthink

D Poor coordination

💡 Short Explanation

Behaviour changes due to others. Group interaction shapes actions. Social presence affects participation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Reena changes her behaviour because she is influenced by the actions and enthusiasm of the group around her. NCERT explains that social influence occurs when individuals modify their behaviour due to interaction with others in a group.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Social loafing involves reduced effort in groups.
Option C → Groupthink relates to irrational decision-making.
Option D → Poor coordination concerns lack of synchronisation.

🎯 Strategy

Situation-Based Application

Application:

�� Identify the effect of group interaction on behaviour.

Final Logic:

�� Reena’s behaviour changed because of social influence.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Groups Change Behaviour”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Social Influence

2 Consider the following statements about how groups impact individual behaviour:
I. Groups provide a sense of security and reduce vulnerability to threats.
II. Group membership satisfies psychological needs but cannot enhance self-concept.
III. Groups help in achieving goals that cannot be attained individually.

A I and II

B I and III

C II and III

D I, II, and III

💡 Short Explanation

Groups provide security. Collective effort helps goal achievement. Groups can enhance self-concept.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statements I and III are correct because groups reduce insecurity and help individuals achieve goals collectively. Statement II is incorrect because group membership can positively enhance self-esteem and self-concept.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Statement II is incorrect.
Option C → Statement I is also correct.
Option D → Groups can improve self-concept.

🎯 Strategy

Conceptual Validation

Application:

�� Compare each statement with group functions.

Final Logic:

�� Groups provide security and support collective achievement.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Groups Protect and Achieve”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Group Impact

3 Social facilitation research suggests that arousal from the presence of others can motivate individuals to ________ their performance, provided they are already good at the task and their efforts are individually evaluated.

A maintain

B enhance

C reduce

D ignore

💡 Short Explanation

Presence creates arousal. Familiar tasks improve performance. Evaluation increases effort.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Social facilitation improves performance on familiar or well-practised tasks because the presence of others creates arousal and motivation. NCERT explains that evaluation further increases performance effort.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Performance often improves rather than merely remains stable.
Option C → Reduction relates to loafing.
Option D → Presence usually affects performance strongly.

🎯 Strategy

Definition Matching

Application:

�� Match social facilitation with its performance effect.

Final Logic:

�� Presence of others can enhance performance.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Audience Enhances Performance”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Social Facilitation

4 Match the context of others’ presence with its corresponding effect on an individual:

List 1 (Context)	List 2 (Effect)
1. Performing alone but being individually evaluated	a. Social facilitation (improved performance on simple tasks)
2. Performing in a group where output is pooled	b. Social loafing (reduced individual effort)
3. Performing a well-learned task in front of an audience	c. Social inhibition (decline in performance on difficult tasks)
4. Performing a complex or new task in front of others	d. Evaluation apprehension (concern about being judged)

A 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c

B 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d

C 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c

D 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c

💡 Short Explanation

Evaluation creates apprehension. Pooled tasks encourage loafing. Simple tasks improve with audiences.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Individual evaluation causes evaluation apprehension. Pooled group tasks may produce social loafing. Well-learned tasks improve under observation through social facilitation, while difficult tasks may worsen because of social inhibition.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Performing alone does not create social inhibition directly.
Option C → Pooled tasks relate to loafing, not facilitation.
Option D → Evaluation does not equal loafing.

🎯 Strategy

Option Grouping

Application:

�� Match each context with the correct psychological effect.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option A correctly aligns all concepts.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Audience Helps Easy, Hurts Hard”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Presence Effects

5 Which statement best reflects the reasoning behind reduced individual effort in the Latane experiment involving clapping and cheering?

A As group size increased, the total amount of noise decreased proportionally.

B Although total noise increased, the noise produced by each participant dropped as they put in less effort in a larger group.

C Participants cheered louder because they felt highly accountable for the total noise.

D The presence of others caused social facilitation, thereby reducing effort.

💡 Short Explanation

Larger groups reduce accountability. Individual effort declines collectively. Total output still increases overall.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Latane’s experiment demonstrated social loafing. While the total noise increased with more people, each individual contributed less effort because responsibility became diffused.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Total noise actually increased.
Option C → Accountability was reduced, not increased.
Option D → Reduced effort reflects loafing, not facilitation.

🎯 Strategy

Conceptual Validation

Application:

�� Recall findings of the Latane experiment.

Final Logic:

�� Individual contribution decreases in larger groups.

🧠 Memory Trick

“More People, Less Personal Effort”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Social Loafing

6 Arrange the sequence of events that characterise an individual\'s participation in a collective task like tug-of-war:
1. Individual efforts become pooled and indistinguishable.
2. The individual engages in a collective task with other members.
3. The individual relaxes and reduces effort, becoming a \"free rider\".

A 2, 1, 3

B 1, 2, 3

C 3, 2, 1

D 2, 3, 1

💡 Short Explanation

Group task begins first. Efforts become pooled. Reduced effort follows later.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Individuals first participate in a collective task. Their efforts then become indistinguishable within the group output. This lack of accountability creates opportunities for free riding and reduced effort.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Pooling happens after joining the task.
Option C → Free riding occurs later.
Option D → Reduced effort follows pooled contribution.

🎯 Strategy

Sequence

Application:

�� Arrange the stages of social loafing logically.

Final Logic:

�� Participation leads to pooled effort and eventually loafing.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Join → Pool → Relax”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Collective Tasks

7 Which of the following statements incorrectly applies to the concept of low responsibility as a cause of social loafing?

A Group members feel less responsible for the overall task being performed.

B The shared nature of the task distributes responsibility, causing members to exert less effort.

C In a collective task, each member feels completely and solely responsible for the group\'s success.

D The inability to pinpoint individual contributions diminishes the feeling of personal responsibility.

💡 Short Explanation

Responsibility becomes shared. Personal accountability decreases. Sole responsibility does not occur.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Option C is incorrect because collective tasks diffuse responsibility among members. NCERT explains that social loafing occurs precisely because individuals do not feel solely responsible.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Reduced responsibility causes loafing.
Option B → Shared tasks diffuse accountability.
Option D → Invisible contributions reduce effort.

🎯 Strategy

Elimination

Application:

�� Identify the statement contradicting diffusion of responsibility.

Final Logic:

�� Collective tasks reduce personal responsibility.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Shared Task, Shared Responsibility”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Low Responsibility

8 Amit is part of a 10-member team assigned to clean the school ground. Knowing that the teacher will only inspect the final cleanliness of the ground and not who cleaned which part, Amit barely does any work. What reasoning explains Amit\'s low motivation?

A He believes his efforts are highly identifiable.

B He realises his contributions will not be evaluated on an individual basis.

C He feels the pressure to work hard for a successful group outcome.

D He wants to avoid groupthink.

💡 Short Explanation

Invisible effort lowers motivation. Accountability is missing. Social loafing increases.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Amit’s motivation decreases because his individual contribution cannot be separately evaluated. NCERT explains that lack of evaluation encourages reduced effort in collective tasks.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Identifiable effort reduces loafing.
Option C → Pressure would increase effort.
Option D → Groupthink is unrelated here.

🎯 Strategy

Situation-Based Application

Application:

�� Identify the cause of reduced effort in the scenario.

Final Logic:

�� Lack of individual evaluation caused low motivation.

🧠 Memory Trick

“No Evaluation = Low Effort”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Low Motivation

9 Match the following

List I (Cause)	List II (Reasoning)
1. Lack of evaluation	A. Responsibility is shared among members, reducing personal effort
2. No inter-group comparison	B. Individual contributions are not clearly assessed
3. Diffusion of responsibility	C. Members are aware that they will not receive individual grades or feedback
4. Low individual accountability	D. The group\'s performance is not being measured against rival groups, lowering the drive to excel

A 1–A, 2–B, 3–D, 4–C

B 1–D, 2–C, 3–B, 4–A

C 1–C, 2–D, 3–A, 4–B

D 1–B, 2–A, 3–C, 4–D

💡 Short Explanation

�� Lack of evaluation reduces personal effort. �� Shared responsibility promotes social loafing. �� Absence of comparison lowers motivation to perform.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Lack of evaluation occurs when members know they will not receive individual grades, feedback, or assessment for their contribution (1–C). → No inter-group comparison reduces the motivation to perform better because the group\'s performance is not compared with competing groups (2–D). → Diffusion of responsibility occurs when responsibility is shared among members, reducing the feeling of personal accountability (3–A). → Low individual accountability arises when individual contributions cannot be clearly identified or assessed (4–B). → Therefore, the correct reconstructed matching is 1–C, 2–D, 3–A, 4–B.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Incorrectly matches lack of evaluation with shared responsibility and inter-group comparison with unclear contributions.
�� Option B → Mismatches evaluation, accountability, and responsibility concepts.
�� Option D → Incorrectly associates lack of evaluation with unclear contribution assessment and misplaces other causes.

🎯 Strategy

Application:

�� Identify the defining feature of each cause of social loafing and match it with the most appropriate reasoning.

Final Logic:

�� No Feedback = Lack of Evaluation; No Rival Group = No Comparison; Shared Responsibility = Diffusion; Unclear Contribution = Low Accountability.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Feedback–Comparison–Responsibility–Accountability”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Causes of Social Loafing

10 How does poor coordination serve as an additional cause for social loafing?

A It makes individuals feel their specific contribution is too important to waste.

B It leads to an improper synchronisation of efforts, which gives members an opportunity to relax.

C It creates an extreme sense of group cohesion.

D It allows outside experts to evaluate the group\'s decisions.

💡 Short Explanation

Poor coordination disrupts teamwork. Members relax when efforts are unsynchronised. Free riding becomes easier.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Improper coordination weakens collective efficiency and creates opportunities for members to reduce effort. NCERT explains that unsynchronised contributions encourage social loafing.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Important contributions increase effort.
Option C → Cohesion is unrelated to poor coordination.
Option D → Outside experts relate to groupthink prevention.

🎯 Strategy

Conceptual Validation

Application:

�� Identify how coordination affects effort.

Final Logic:

�� Poor coordination creates chances for free riding.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Bad Coordination = Relaxed Members”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Poor Coordination

11 Sequence the logical steps a manager should take to establish individual accountability and reduce social loafing in a team project:
I. Review and provide feedback on each member\'s specific output.
II. Break down the collective project into specific, identifiable individual tasks.
III. Assign each task to a specific team member.

A I, II, III

B III, II, I

C I, III, II

D II, III, I

💡 Short Explanation

�� Individual tasks must be identified first. �� Tasks should then be assigned to specific members. �� Feedback is provided after task completion.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

To establish accountability, a manager must first break a collective project into clearly identifiable individual tasks (II). → Once tasks are identified, each task should be assigned to a specific team member (III). → After work is completed, the manager reviews performance and provides feedback on each member\'s output (I). → This sequence increases accountability and reduces opportunities for social loafing because individual contributions become visible and measurable. → Therefore, the correct sequence is II → III → I.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Feedback cannot occur before task assignment and completion.
�� Option B → Tasks must be identified before assignment.
�� Option C → Feedback cannot precede task completion.

🎯 Strategy

Application:

�� Arrange managerial actions according to the natural flow of planning, assigning, and evaluating work.

Final Logic:

�� Identify tasks → Assign responsibility → Review performance.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Break → Assign → Review\"

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Reducing Social Loafing through Individual Accountability

12 Which of the following statements conceptually validate why increasing task importance reduces loafing?
I. It makes group members committed to successful task performance.
II. It makes people feel that their individual contribution is vital for achieving a highly valued outcome.
III. It decreases the pressure to work hard.

A I and II

B II and III

C I and III

D All of the above

💡 Short Explanation

�� Important tasks increase commitment. �� Members perceive their contribution as valuable. �� Task importance encourages effort, not relaxation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Increasing task importance motivates members to contribute actively because they become more committed to successful performance. → Individuals also perceive their contribution as essential for achieving a valued group outcome. → Statement III is incorrect because important tasks generally increase motivation and effort rather than reduce pressure to work hard. → Therefore, Statements I and II are correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Statement III is incorrect.
�� Option C → Statement III is incorrect while Statement II is correct.
�� Option D → Includes incorrect Statement III.

🎯 Strategy

Application:

�� Remove statements that contradict the relationship between task importance and motivation.

Final Logic:

�� Greater task importance increases commitment and effort.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Important Task = Important Effort\"

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Reducing Social Loafing through Task Importance

13 A committee deciding on a high-risk financial investment ignores clear warnings of market failure because all members want to appear unanimous and preserve group harmony. This irrational decision bias is an example of:

A Group polarisation

B Social facilitation

C Groupthink

D Bandwagon effect

💡 Short Explanation

�� Desire for unanimity overrides critical thinking. �� Members suppress dissenting opinions. �� Poor decisions result from excessive cohesion.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Groupthink occurs when group members prioritise consensus and harmony over realistic evaluation of alternatives. → In this situation, warning signs are ignored because members want to maintain agreement and avoid conflict. → NCERT explains that groupthink leads to irrational and uncritical decision-making. → Therefore, the scenario represents groupthink.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Group polarisation involves strengthening existing views, not suppressing criticism.
�� Option B → Social facilitation concerns performance in the presence of others.
�� Option D → Bandwagon effect refers to adopting popular views, not defective group decision-making.

🎯 Strategy

Application:

�� Match the scenario\'s emphasis on unanimity and poor decision-making with the correct concept.

Final Logic:

�� Unanimity at the cost of critical evaluation indicates groupthink.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Harmony Over Logic = Groupthink\"

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Groupthink

14 In groupthink, no one expresses a dissenting opinion because each person believes it would undermine the ________ of the group and make them unpopular.

A polarisation

B cohesion

C loafing

D proximity

💡 Short Explanation

�� Groupthink values harmony. �� Dissent is viewed as a threat. �� Members avoid disagreement to preserve unity.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In groupthink, individuals often suppress disagreement because they fear that expressing dissent may weaken group cohesion. → Members want to maintain unity and avoid becoming unpopular within the group. → NCERT identifies concern for group cohesion as a major factor contributing to groupthink. → Therefore, the correct answer is cohesion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Polarisation refers to movement toward extreme positions.
�� Option C → Loafing relates to reduced effort in collective tasks.
�� Option D → Physical proximity is not the reason for suppressing dissent.

🎯 Strategy

Application:

�� Insert each option into the sentence and identify the concept that best fits groupthink.

Final Logic:

�� Fear of harming group unity leads to suppression of dissent.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Groupthink Protects Cohesion\"

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Groupthink and Cohesion

15 Arrange the progression of a group moving towards extreme decisions:
I. Members discuss their initial views with like-minded people.
II. An initial position is formed regarding a specific issue.
III. The group\'s position strengthens, resulting in a more extreme decision than initially intended.

A III, I, II

B I, III, II

C III, II, I

D II, I, III

💡 Short Explanation

�� A position forms initially. �� Members discuss the issue with similar thinkers. �� Discussion strengthens the group\'s stance.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Group polarisation begins when members hold an initial position regarding an issue (II). → They then discuss their views with like-minded individuals (I). → Exposure to supporting arguments and validation strengthens the original position, leading to a more extreme decision (III). → Therefore, the correct progression is II → I → III.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Extreme decisions cannot occur before discussion and initial position formation.
�� Option B → Discussion follows an existing position.
�� Option C → Strengthening occurs only after discussion.

🎯 Strategy

Application:

�� Arrange the stages of group polarisation from initial belief to strengthened decision.

Final Logic:

�� Initial position → Discussion → Extreme decision.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Position → Discussion → Polarisation\"

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Group Polarisation

16 Identify the incorrect statement regarding opinion strengthening in group polarisation.

A Discussions within a group can lead to the strengthening of the group\'s initial position.

B Conformity among members prevents views from becoming strengthened.

C Identifying with an ingroup can solidify existing opinions.

D Hearing newer arguments in favour of one\'s viewpoint strengthens the initial conviction.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Group discussion often strengthens existing views. �� Ingroup identification reinforces opinions. �� Conformity usually supports, not prevents, strengthening.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Option B is incorrect because conformity generally contributes to group polarisation rather than preventing it. → NCERT explains that when individuals interact with like-minded group members, their existing views tend to become stronger. → Discussions, ingroup identification, and supporting arguments increase confidence in the original position. → Therefore, conformity often facilitates opinion strengthening instead of reducing it.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correctly describes group polarisation.
�� Option C → Ingroup identification can strengthen existing beliefs.
�� Option D → Supporting arguments increase conviction in one\'s viewpoint.

🎯 Strategy

�� Elimination

Application:

�� Identify the statement that contradicts NCERT\'s explanation of group polarisation.

Final Logic:

�� Conformity strengthens rather than prevents polarisation.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Conformity Fuels Polarisation”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Opinion Strengthening

17 What role do supporting arguments play in the process of group polarisation?

A They introduce opposing viewpoints that neutralise the group\'s stance.

B They provide individuals with newer reasons to favour their existing viewpoint, making it more extreme.

C They encourage individuals to evaluate their decisions using outside experts.

D They reduce the cohesiveness of the group.

💡 Short Explanation

�� New arguments support existing views. �� Confidence in the viewpoint increases. �� Opinions become more extreme.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Supporting arguments provide additional evidence and reasons favouring a person\'s existing opinion. → NCERT explains that exposure to more supporting arguments strengthens conviction and contributes to group polarisation. → As confidence increases, the group moves toward a more extreme position than originally held. → Therefore, Option B best explains the role of supporting arguments.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Opposing viewpoints do not strengthen existing positions.
�� Option C → Outside experts relate to reducing groupthink, not supporting arguments.
�� Option D → Supporting arguments generally increase cohesion among like-minded members.

🎯 Strategy

�� Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Match the concept of supporting arguments with its effect on group decisions.

Final Logic:

�� More supporting reasons strengthen and intensify existing opinions.

🧠 Memory Trick

“More Reasons, Stronger Beliefs”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Supporting Arguments

18 Evaluate the statements about the validation effect:
I. Finding others with similar views creates a bandwagon effect.
II. It validates the individual\'s opinion as being publicly accepted.
III. It usually reduces group polarisation by encouraging critical thinking.

A I and II

B II and III

C I and III

D All of the above

💡 Short Explanation

�� Similar opinions create validation. �� Validation increases confidence. �� It strengthens rather than reduces polarisation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statements I and II are conceptually correct. → NCERT explains that when individuals discover others holding similar views, they perceive their opinion as socially validated. → This validation increases confidence and may contribute to stronger group positions. → Statement III is incorrect because validation generally promotes polarisation rather than reducing it through critical thinking.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Statement III is incorrect.
�� Option C → Statement II is also correct.
�� Option D → Includes incorrect Statement III.

🎯 Strategy

�� Elimination

Application:

�� Evaluate each statement against NCERT\'s explanation of validation effects.

Final Logic:

�� Validation strengthens confidence and supports polarisation.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Similar Views = Validation”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Validation Effect

📄 Passage

\"It has been found that individuals work less hard in a group than they do when performing alone. This points to a phenomenon referred to as ‘social loafing’. Social loafing is a reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task, i.e. one in which outputs are pooled with those of other group members. An example of such a task is the game of tug-of-war. It is not possible for you to identify how much force each member of the team has been exerting. Such situations give opportunities to group members to relax and become a free rider.\"

Based on the passage, how is an individual\'s behaviour modified when placed in a collective task like a tug-of-war compared to working alone?

A The individual exerts significantly more effort.

B The individual reduces effort and may become a free rider.

C The individual takes a more extreme position.

D The individual becomes more critical of the group\'s decisions.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Collective tasks reduce effort. �� Individual contribution becomes unclear. �� Free-rider behaviour may emerge.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage directly describes social loafing as a reduction in individual effort during collective tasks. → When contributions are pooled and cannot be individually identified, some members reduce their effort. → NCERT uses the example of tug-of-war to illustrate how individuals may relax and become free riders. → Therefore, Option B accurately reflects the behavioural modification described.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Social loafing involves reduced, not increased, effort.
�� Option C → Extreme positions relate to group polarisation.
�� Option D → Critical evaluation is unrelated to social loafing.

🎯 Strategy

�� Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Match the behaviour described in the passage with the correct concept.

Final Logic:

�� Unidentifiable contributions encourage reduced effort.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Pooled Effort = Less Effort”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Social Loafing

📄 Passage

According to the passage, what specific situational factor leads to an individual\'s decision to exert less effort in a collective task?

A The presence of a clear hierarchy and leadership.

B The fact that their individual force or contribution cannot be identified.

C The fear that their opinions will undermine group cohesion.

D The introduction of outside experts.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Contributions become unidentifiable. �� Accountability decreases. �� Social loafing becomes more likely.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage highlights that in collective tasks such as tug-of-war, individual effort cannot be separately identified. → NCERT explains that this lack of identifiability reduces accountability and encourages members to exert less effort. → The inability to track individual contributions creates conditions for social loafing and free-rider behaviour. → Therefore, Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Leadership is not discussed in the passage.
�� Option C → Group cohesion concerns groupthink, not social loafing.
�� Option D → Outside experts are unrelated to the situation described.

🎯 Strategy

�� Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Identify the specific cause of reduced effort stated in the passage.

Final Logic:

�� Unidentifiable contributions reduce accountability and effort.

🧠 Memory Trick

“Can\'t Track = Don\'t Work”

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Social Influence and Group Processes – Topic: Social Loafing and Accountability

CUET UG Booster Psychology SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES Unit 7 Test ( M 5 )

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