CUET UG Booster Psychology-Psychological Disorders Unit 4 Test ( M4)
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QUESTION 1 OF 20
The term anxiety is usually defined as a ________, vague, very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension.
QUESTION 2 OF 20
Arrange the stages showing the conceptual transition from normal to abnormal anxiety:
I. High levels of anxiety cause distress
II. II. Motivation to do a task well
III. III. Interference with effective functioning
QUESTION 3 OF 20
Identify the incorrect physical symptom of anxiety disorders mentioned in the text.
QUESTION 4 OF 20
A person waiting for exam results experiences a very unpleasant feeling of apprehension, tension, and worry. Which category of symptoms are these primarily describing?
QUESTION 5 OF 20
Validate the statements regarding chronic worry in Generalised Anxiety Disorder:
Statement I: The intense fears are prolonged and not attached to any particular object.
Statement II: The person is visibly shaky and tense due to motor tension.
QUESTION 6 OF 20
Which of the following is an accurate description of hypervigilance?
QUESTION 7 OF 20
Sequence the physiological and psychological process of a panic attack:
I. Thoughts of a particular stimuli occur unpredictably
II. Abrupt surge of intense anxiety rises to a peak
III. Experience of intense terror, shortness of breath, and fear of dying
QUESTION 8 OF 20
Match the following:
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. Sudden fear in Panic Disorder | A. Fear of social evaluation |
| 2. Chronic worry in GAD | B. Prolonged, vague, unexplained worry |
| 3. Phobic reaction | C. Intense fear of specific object |
| 4. Social anxiety | D. Abrupt surge of terror |
QUESTION 9 OF 20
A patient exhibits an intense, irrational fear of climbing to the tenth floor of a building. This situation specifically highlights which psychological issue?
QUESTION 10 OF 20
Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the development and nature of specific phobias?
QUESTION 11 OF 20
Intense and incapacitating fear and embarrassment when dealing with others characterises ________ disorder.
QUESTION 12 OF 20
Validate the following conceptual statements about performance anxiety:
Statement I: Being unable to speak a rehearsed speech before an audience is a form of social phobia.
Statement II: Performance anxiety only occurs in individuals with Generalised Anxiety Disorder.
QUESTION 13 OF 20
Which statement correctly defines the core fear of places in Agoraphobia?
QUESTION 14 OF 20
Arrange the stages of avoidance behaviour in agoraphobia based on increasing severity:
I. Fear of entering unfamiliar situations
II. Inability to carry out normal life activities
III. Refusal to leave home
QUESTION 15 OF 20
Match the following:
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. Shadowing parents | A. Fear in structured settings |
| 2. Severe tantrums | B. Extreme emotional distress |
| 3. Refusal to go to school | C. Physical clinging |
| 4. Night-time anxiety | D. Anxiety during sleep |
QUESTION 16 OF 20
Based on the passage, what characterises a compulsion?
CorrectAnswer:
QUESTION 17 OF 20
Based on the passage, what characterises an obsession?
QUESTION 18 OF 20
According to the passage, how do compulsions affect individuals?
QUESTION 19 OF 20
Which of the following statements provides the most accurate clinical picture of PTSD symptoms following a traumatic event?
QUESTION 20 OF 20
Identify the incorrect statement concerning stress reactions and their classifications.
Test Complete!
Answer Review
1 The term anxiety is usually defined as a ________, vague, very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension.
Anxiety is characterized by a lack of a specific focal point. The term "diffuse" implies it is spread out and not localized. This distinguishes general anxiety from the "sharp" or "specific" fear of a phobia.
- In psychology, anxiety is described as diffuse because it is a "free-floating" sensation. Unlike fear, which is a reaction to a clear and present danger, anxiety is a vague feeling of dread where the person is often unable to identify the exact source of their distress. NCERT defines it using this specific triad: diffuse, vague, and unpleasant.
- Option A → "Sharp" usually describes acute physical pain or a sudden panic attack, not the general state of anxiety.
- Option C → "Specific" refers to phobias, where the fear is tied to a particular object.
- Option D → "Biological" refers to the origin/cause of the feeling, but it does not describe the feeling itself as experienced by the individual.
Application: Identifying the standard textbook definition of the emotional state of anxiety.
Final Logic: Match the characteristic "vague" with "diffuse" to complete the definition.
D.V.U.: Diffuse, Vague, Unpleasant.
2 Arrange the stages showing the conceptual transition from normal to abnormal anxiety:
I. High levels of anxiety cause distress
II. II. Motivation to do a task well
III. III. Interference with effective functioning
Step 1: Normal anxiety helps performance (Motivation). Step 2: Anxiety increases beyond the helpful range (Distress). Step 3: Anxiety becomes a disorder (Dysfunction/Interference).
- The conceptual transition follows the level of severity: 1. II: Initially, anxiety is a normal response that motivates us (e.g., studying for an exam). 2. I: When anxiety crosses a threshold, it becomes distressing to the individual. 3. III: Finally, it becomes an abnormal disorder when it interferes with effective functioning, preventing the person from completing their tasks.
- Option B → Starts with distress, ignoring the initial adaptive/normal stage.
- Option C → Reverses the order, starting with the final consequence (Dysfunction).
- Option D → Places dysfunction before the individual feels distress, which is logically inconsistent in this context.
Application: Identify the starting point (Normal/Helpful) and the endpoint (Abnormal/Interfering).
Final Logic: Follow the progression from low intensity (Motivation) to high intensity (Interference).
M.D.I.: Motivation $\rightarrow$ Distress $\rightarrow$ Interference.
3 Identify the incorrect physical symptom of anxiety disorders mentioned in the text.
Anxiety triggers the sympathetic nervous system ("Fight or Flight"). This causes an increase in heart rate, not a decrease. Sleepiness is rare; insomnia or restlessness is the typical symptom.
- Option C is incorrect because anxiety is a state of hyper-arousal. Physiologically, this results in an increased heart rate (palpitations) and a state of high alertness (insomnia). Decreased heart rate and excessive sleepiness are associated with depressive states or parasympathetic dominance, which are not typical of an anxiety reaction.
- Option A → Correct; dizziness and sweating are standard autonomic responses to anxiety.
- Option B → Correct; gastrointestinal issues like loss of appetite and diarrhoea are common physical manifestations.
- Option D → Correct; fainting (syncope) and frequent urination are noted physiological symptoms of high apprehension.
Application: Compare the physiological logic of "Fight or Flight" against the options.
Final Logic: Anxiety equals "Speed up/Arousal," so "Decreased/Sleepy" is the odd one out.
Anxiety = UP. (Up heart rate, up breathing, up alertness).
4 A person waiting for exam results experiences a very unpleasant feeling of apprehension, tension, and worry. Which category of symptoms are these primarily describing?
"Worry" and "Apprehension" are mental states. They involve thoughts about the future. These are internal feelings rather than observable bodily changes.
- The symptoms listed (apprehension, tension, and worry) are psychological in nature. Worry is a cognitive process (thoughts of failure), while apprehension is an emotional state (the feeling of dread). These are categorized as Cognitive/Emotional symptoms, distinguishing them from physical (e.g., racing heart) or motor (e.g., shaking) symptoms.
- Option A → These involve bodily reactions like sweating or racing heart.
- Option C → These involve observable physical movements like pacing or fidgeting.
- Option D → These are specific physical complaints (like pain) that often have no medical cause.
Application: Match "Worry" and "Apprehension" to the mind/internal state.
Final Logic: Internal mental states fall under the Cognitive/Emotional category.
Thoughts = Cognitive. Feelings = Emotional.
5 Validate the statements regarding chronic worry in Generalised Anxiety Disorder:
Statement I: The intense fears are prolonged and not attached to any particular object.
Statement II: The person is visibly shaky and tense due to motor tension.
Statement I defines the "Generalised" nature of GAD. Statement II describes the "Motor Tension" aspect of GAD. Together, they cover both the psychological and physical facets of the disorder.
- Statement I is correct because GAD is characterized by "free-floating" anxiety that is not specific to one trigger. Statement II is also correct because the prolonged state of worry manifests physically as motor tension, leading to visible symptoms like shakiness, muscle aches, and an inability to relax.
- Options A, B, and D → These are rejected because both statements provided in the question are standard clinical descriptions of GAD as per NCERT.
Application: Validate each statement independently against the NCERT definition of GAD.
Final Logic: Both statements are foundational to the GAD diagnosis.
GAD = Vague + Tense.
6 Which of the following is an accurate description of hypervigilance?
"Hyper" = Excessive; "Vigilance" = Watchfulness. The person is always "on guard." It is a core symptom of Generalised Anxiety and PTSD.
- Hypervigilance is a state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threats. In GAD, this means the person is constantly scanning the environment for anything that might go wrong, which contributes to their high level of motor tension and exhaustion.
- Option A → This describes a Panic Attack.
- Option C → This is the definition of an Obsession.
- Option D → This describes a Specific Phobia.
Application: Break down the word: "Vigilant" means being watchful.
Final Logic: Scanning for danger is the literal manifestation of being "Hyper-vigilant."
Radar Mind: Hypervigilance is like a radar always looking for a "blip" of danger.
7 Sequence the physiological and psychological process of a panic attack:
I. Thoughts of a particular stimuli occur unpredictably
II. Abrupt surge of intense anxiety rises to a peak
III. Experience of intense terror, shortness of breath, and fear of dying
Step 1: A thought or internal stimulus acts as a trigger. Step 2: The physical surge begins and hits a maximum (Peak). Step 3: The person experiences the full clinical symptoms (Terror/Fear of dying).
- A panic attack follows a rapid escalation: 1. I: It often starts with unpredictable thoughts or an internal sensation. 2. II: This is followed by an abrupt surge of anxiety that very quickly (within minutes) reaches its peak. 3. III: At this peak, the person experiences intense terror and dramatic physical symptoms like the fear of dying.
- Option B → Suggests the surge happens before the stimulus/thought.
- Option C → Reverses the process, putting the symptom before the surge.
- Option D → Places the fear of dying before the surge reaches its peak.
Application: Logical flow of an "attack": Trigger $\rightarrow$ Surge $\rightarrow$ Symptom intensity.
Final Logic: Follow the chronological sequence of a rising curve of terror.
T.S.P.: Thought $\rightarrow$ Surge $\rightarrow$ Peak Terror.
8 Match the following:
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. Sudden fear in Panic Disorder | A. Fear of social evaluation |
| 2. Chronic worry in GAD | B. Prolonged, vague, unexplained worry |
| 3. Phobic reaction | C. Intense fear of specific object |
| 4. Social anxiety | D. Abrupt surge of terror |
Panic = Sudden/Abrupt. GAD = Chronic/Prolonged. Phobia = Specific object. Social = Evaluation/People.
- This matches each disorder to its primary clinical descriptor: 1-A: Panic disorder is characterized by abrupt surges of terror. 2-B: GAD is characterized by prolonged, vague worry. 3-C: Phobia involves an intense fear of a specific object. 4-D: Social anxiety involves the fear of evaluation or embarrassment.
- Option B → Swaps Panic (1) and GAD (2).
- Option C/D → Use duplicate matches which are mathematically incorrect for this list.
Application: Match the duration (Abrupt vs. Prolonged) to the specific disorder.
Final Logic: Standard definitions match the sequential order in Option A.
P.A. / G.P.: Panic-Abrupt, GAD-Prolonged.
9 A patient exhibits an intense, irrational fear of climbing to the tenth floor of a building. This situation specifically highlights which psychological issue?
The fear is tied to a specific situation (Heights/Building levels). It is "irrational" and focused. It is not about people or general worry.
- This is a Specific Phobia (specifically Acrophobia or fear of heights). A specific phobia is an intense, irrational fear of a particular object or situation that poses little or no actual danger. The building's height is the specific stimulus that triggers the avoidant behavior.
- Option A → This would be a fear of people on the tenth floor, not the height itself.
- Option C → This would involve sudden attacks regardless of where the person is.
- Option D → This would involve worrying about the building collapsing, falling, and other unrelated things all day long.
Application: Match the stimulus (Height/Climbing) to the "Specific" category.
Final Logic: A single, identifiable trigger points directly to Specific Phobia.
Specific Stimulus = Specific Phobia.
10 Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the development and nature of specific phobias?
Statement B uses the absolute word "never." In reality, one anxiety disorder can often lead to or coexist with another (Comorbidity). A person with GAD could certainly develop a specific phobia.
- Statement B is incorrect because it is an extreme and absolute claim. While many phobias start after a traumatic incident or through social learning, there is no psychological rule stating they never begin with or occur alongside Generalised Anxiety Disorder. Anxiety disorders are often linked; a person with high general anxiety is at a higher risk of developing specific fears.
- Option A → Correct; this is the basic definition of a phobia.
- Option C → Correct; phobias can develop through gradual conditioning or observation.
- Option D → Correct; Claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces) is a classic example of a specific phobia.
Application: The word "Never" in Option B is a red flag in psychology, where behaviors are complex and rarely absolute.
Final Logic: Identify the statement that imposes an unrealistic restriction on how disorders develop.
Never say Never. (Absolute statements in psychology are usually the "Incorrect" ones).
11 Intense and incapacitating fear and embarrassment when dealing with others characterises ________ disorder.
Key phrase: "Dealing with others." Key emotion: "Embarrassment." This points to the fear of social scrutiny.
- Social Anxiety Disorder (or Social Phobia) is specifically defined by a fear of being judged, evaluated, or embarrassed in the presence of others. It becomes "incapacitating" when the individual avoids all social interactions to prevent the possibility of being viewed negatively.
- Option A → Worry is about everything, not just people.
- Option C → Worry is about having a physical disease.
- Option D → Worry is about being away from a parent or caregiver.
Application: Match "Others" and "Embarrassment" to the word "Social."
Final Logic: Standard definition of social phobia.
Others = Social.
12 Validate the following conceptual statements about performance anxiety:
Statement I: Being unable to speak a rehearsed speech before an audience is a form of social phobia.
Statement II: Performance anxiety only occurs in individuals with Generalised Anxiety Disorder.
Statement I is correct; performance anxiety is the most common sub-type of Social Phobia. Statement II is false; it uses the extreme word "only." People without GAD can experience intense social phobia/performance anxiety.
- Statement I is true because being unable to perform in front of an audience (fear of evaluation) is a classic manifestation of Social Phobia. Statement II is false because performance anxiety is a specific type of social anxiety, not exclusive to GAD. A person can have very specific social fears without having generalized worry about all life domains.
- Options A, B, and D → These are incorrect because Statement I is a factually correct example of social phobia, while Statement II is an incorrect overgeneralization.
Application: The word "only" in Statement II makes it likely to be false.
Final Logic: Performance anxiety is social, not necessarily generalized.
Performance is Social.
13 Which statement correctly defines the core fear of places in Agoraphobia?
"Agora" = Marketplace/Open space. The fear is of being in places where escape might be difficult. This results in the person staying in their "safe" zone (Home).
- Agoraphobia is the fear of being in unfamiliar situations or places where one might have a panic attack and find it difficult to escape. This leads to intense avoidance behavior, where the person feels safe only in their own home and eventually becomes afraid to leave it.
- Option A → This is a Specific Phobia.
- Option C → This is Social Phobia.
- Option D → This is Separation Anxiety Disorder.
Application: Match the term "Agoraphobia" to the concept of "unfamiliar places/leaving home."
Final Logic: Agoraphobia is about the environment/space, not people or objects.
Agora = Away. (Afraid of being Away from your safe space).
14 Arrange the stages of avoidance behaviour in agoraphobia based on increasing severity:
I. Fear of entering unfamiliar situations
II. Inability to carry out normal life activities
III. Refusal to leave home
Step 1: The fear begins (Unfamiliar situations). Step 2: The avoidance becomes total (Refusal to leave home). Step 3: The ultimate consequence of being housebound (Functional inability).
- The progression of severity is: 1. I: It begins with a fear of entering unfamiliar situations. 2. III: To cope, the person retreats, eventually leading to a total refusal to leave home. 3. II: This complete confinement results in the most severe stage: the inability to carry out normal life activities like working or buying groceries.
- Option B → Places "inability" (the consequence) before "refusal to leave home" (the cause).
- Option C/D → Starts with the most severe stages, violating the "increasing severity" requirement.
Application: Logical flow: Fear Action (Staying home) Consequence (Inability to live).
Final Logic: Stage II (Inability to live life) is the most severe outcome and must be last.
Fear Home Broken Life.
15 Match the following:
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. Shadowing parents | A. Fear in structured settings |
| 2. Severe tantrums | B. Extreme emotional distress |
| 3. Refusal to go to school | C. Physical clinging |
| 4. Night-time anxiety | D. Anxiety during sleep |
Shadowing = Clinging (A). Tantrums = Distress (B). School = Structured setting (C). Night-time = Sleep (D).
- This matches the behavioral manifestations of SAD: 1-A: Shadowing is the act of clinging to parents and following their every move. 2-B: Tantrums are used to express extreme emotional distress to prevent separation. 3-C: Refusal to go to school represents the fear in a structured setting away from home. 4-D: Night-time anxiety involves fear of being alone during sleep.
- Options B, C, D → These either swap the primary traits or use impossible duplicate matchings.
Application: Match the setting/behavior in List I with the descriptive keyword in List II.
Final Logic: Direct one-to-one conceptual matching.
Category: Obsessive Disorders Passage: "People affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder are unable to control their preoccupation with specific ideas or are unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a particular act or series of acts that affect their ability to carry out normal activities. Obsessive behaviour is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic. The person involved, often finds these thoughts to be unpleasant and shameful. Compulsive behaviour is the need to perform certain behaviours over and over again."
16 Based on the passage, what characterises a compulsion?
CorrectAnswer:
Compulsion = Repetitive action or behaviour. The person feels driven to repeat the act again and again. These behaviours interfere with normal daily functioning.
- According to the passage, compulsive behaviour is "the need to perform certain behaviours over and over again." These repeated acts, such as washing hands repeatedly or checking locks multiple times, are performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts. However, the behaviour becomes excessive and affects the individual's ability to perform normal activities.
- Option A → This describes Social Anxiety Disorder, not compulsion.
- Option C → This refers to a Panic Attack.
- Option D → This relates more closely to trauma-related memory disturbances, not compulsive behaviour.
Application: Identify the keyword "perform behaviours over and over again" from the passage.
Final Logic: Compulsions are repetitive actions, whereas obsessions are repetitive thoughts.
Category: Obsessive Disorders Passage: "People affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder are unable to control their preoccupation with specific ideas or are unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a particular act or series of acts that affect their ability to carry out normal activities. Obsessive behaviour is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic. The person involved, often finds these thoughts to be unpleasant and shameful. Compulsive behaviour is the need to perform certain behaviours over and over again."
17 Based on the passage, what characterises an obsession?
Obsession = Thought. It is "intrusive" (cannot stop it). It is often perceived as "unpleasant" or "shameful."
- As stated in the passage, Obsessive behaviour is defined as the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic. Unlike a normal worry, these thoughts are repetitive, persistent, and often viewed by the individual as unpleasant or unwanted, yet they cannot dismiss them.
- Option A → This is a Compulsion (the action).
- Option C → This is Agoraphobia.
- Option D → This is a Panic Attack.
Application: Identifying the keyword "Thinking" to match "Obsession."
Final Logic: Obsession is mental; Compulsion is physical.
Obsession = Obsessive Thought.
18 According to the passage, how do compulsions affect individuals?
Compulsion = Action. The action must be done "over and over." It is time-consuming and interferes with daily life.
- The passage defines compulsive behaviour as the "need to perform certain behaviours over and over again." These acts (like checking or washing) are performed in a ritualistic way and eventually affect the individual's ability to carry out normal activities because they consume so much time and energy.
- Option A → Compulsions only reduce anxiety temporarily; they do not "prevent" fear.
- Option B → This describes an Obsession.
- Option D → Compulsions do not "cure" the thoughts; they are a desperate attempt to manage the distress caused by the thoughts.
Application: Locating the word "Compulsive" in the text and matching it to the phrase "behaviours over and over."
Final Logic: Compulsions are behaviours that interfere with functioning.
Compulsion = Conduct. (Action).
19 Which of the following statements provides the most accurate clinical picture of PTSD symptoms following a traumatic event?
Trauma is "re-experienced" (Dreams/Flashbacks). Cognitive functioning is affected (Concentration). Emotional response is blunted (Numbing).
- The clinical picture of PTSD involves the psyche's attempt to process a severe trauma. This results in recurrent dreams and flashbacks where the person feels they are re-living the event. Because the nervous system is overwhelmed, the person also experiences impaired concentration and emotional numbing (a detachment from others and a lack of emotional range).
- Option A → These are Phobias (Claustrophobia and Social Phobia).
- Option C → This is a specific type of Social Phobia.
- Option D → This is Illness Anxiety Disorder.
Application: Match "Traumatic event" to the specific symptoms of "Flashbacks" and "Numbing."
Final Logic: PTSD is the only disorder characterized by re-living a past trauma.
The PTSD 4: Dreams, Flashbacks, Concentration, Numbing (D.F.C.N.).
20 Identify the incorrect statement concerning stress reactions and their classifications.
"Somatic Symptom" and "Trauma" are two different NCERT categories. Somatic disorders involve physical complaints without medical causes. Trauma disorders involve reactions to specific external events (Disasters/Accidents).
- Statement C is incorrect because Somatic Symptom Disorder is classified under its own category (Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders), not under Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. While stress can worsen somatic symptoms, the primary stress reactions in the trauma category are PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder, and Adjustment Disorders.
- Option A → Correct; Adjustment Disorders are triggered by stressors and belong to this category.
- Option B → Correct; Acute Stress Disorder is the short-term response to trauma in this category.
- Option D → Correct; these are the standard external events that trigger the trauma-related category.
Application: Options A, B, and D all describe the "Trauma/Stressor" category. C is a different clinical category entirely.
Final Logic: Categorical mismatch identifies the incorrect statement.
Soma = Body. (Not Trauma).
