CUET UG Booster Psychology-Psychological Disorders Unit 4 Test ( D5) -

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CUET UG Booster Psychology-Psychological Disorders Unit 4 Test ( D5)

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Booster Psychology-Psychological Disorders Unit 4 Test ( D5)

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Differentiate between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder:
I. Both are concerned with medical illnesses.
II. In somatic symptom disorder, concern is expressed via physical complaints, whereas in illness anxiety, the anxiety itself is the main concern.

Answer Review

1 Differentiate between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder:
I. Both are concerned with medical illnesses.
II. In somatic symptom disorder, concern is expressed via physical complaints, whereas in illness anxiety, the anxiety itself is the main concern.

A Statement I is correct, II is incorrect.

B Statement I is incorrect, II is correct.

C Both statements are correct.

D Both statements are incorrect.

💡 Short Explanation

Both disorders belong to the category of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders. Somatic Symptom Disorder involves actual, persistent bodily symptoms. Illness Anxiety Disorder focuses on the psychological fear of having a disease.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement I is correct as both disorders center on health-related preoccupations and the interpretation of bodily states as signs of illness. Statement II is conceptually accurate based on NCERT: In Somatic Symptom Disorder, the person experiences real physical distress (pain, fatigue) that is disproportionately worrying. In Illness Anxiety Disorder, physical symptoms are either very mild or absent, but the person is consumed by the anxiety and "idea" of being sick.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options A, B, and D → These are incorrect because they fail to recognize that both statements are foundational definitions used to distinguish the two disorders clinically.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Identifying that the two statements complement each other to form a complete definition.

Final Logic: Since both statements align with textbook definitions of these somatic disorders, Option C is the only logical choice.

🧠 Memory Trick

Somatic = Symptoms; Illness Anxiety = Anxiety about Symptoms.

2 A patient constantly reads medical journals, misinterprets normal bodily sensations as signs of a terminal illness, and refuses to believe multiple doctors' negative diagnostic results. This clinical picture is most aligned with:

A Conversion disorder

B Illness anxiety disorder

C Somatic symptom disorder

D Dissociative amnesia

💡 Short Explanation

The focus is on "preoccupation" rather than specific motor/sensory loss. Misinterpretation of normal bodily functions (e.g., a cough = lung cancer). Seeking constant medical reassurance but remaining unconvinced.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

This scenario describes the classic cognitive pattern of Illness Anxiety Disorder. The patient is hyper-vigilant (reading journals) and hyper-sensitive to normal sensations. Despite medical evidence (negative results), the fear persists. Unlike Conversion disorder, there is no loss of physical function; unlike Somatic Symptom disorder, the focus is more on the future threat of illness than current distressing symptoms.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Involves actual loss of motor or sensory functions (like blindness).
Option C → Involves actual, persistent physical symptoms that cause distress.
Option D → Involves memory loss, which is unrelated to medical preoccupations.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Matching the behavior (reading journals/worrying) to "Anxiety" rather than "Physical Loss."

Final Logic: Preoccupation with terminal illness in the absence of symptoms is the defining trait of Illness Anxiety.

🧠 Memory Trick

Medical Journal + Fear = Illness Anxiety.

3 Which statement regarding dissociative disorders and memory loss is INCORRECT?

A Dissociation involves severance of connections between ideas and emotions.

B Depersonalisation involves a change of self-perception and a temporarily lost sense of reality.

C Dissociative amnesia is exclusively caused by an organic head injury.

D Sudden temporary alterations of consciousness that blot out painful experiences define these disorders.

💡 Short Explanation

Dissociation is a psychological process, not a physical one. Dissociative amnesia is defined by the absence of an organic cause. It is a defense mechanism against trauma/stress.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement C is incorrect because the hallmark of Dissociative Amnesia is that the memory loss has no known organic cause (like a head injury or Alzheimer's). If memory loss is caused by a physical blow to the head, it is classified as a neurological condition, not a dissociative disorder. Dissociative disorders are fundamentally psychological.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Correct; dissociation literally means "splitting" or "severing" connections.
Option B → Correct; this is the NCERT definition of depersonalisation.
Option D → Correct; the primary function of dissociation is to "blot out" overwhelming pain.

🎯 Strategy

Application: The word "exclusively" combined with "organic head injury" creates a statement that contradicts the very definition of a psychological disorder.

Final Logic: Dissociative = Psychological/Stress-induced; Organic = Physical/Biological.

🧠 Memory Trick

Dissociative = "Disconnected" from Body/Brain (Psychological).

4 What is the defining characteristic of Depersonalisation/Derealisation disorder identity disturbance?

A Extensive memory loss regarding one's entire past.

B Unexplained physical paralysis following trauma.

C A dreamlike state where the person feels separated from self and reality.

D The emergence of multiple, independent personalities.

💡 Short Explanation

Depersonalisation = Detached from self. Derealisation = Detached from the world. The individual feels like an outside observer of their own life.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder involves a persistent feeling of being detached from one's body or mental processes (as if in a dreamlike state). Individuals feel that the world around them is "unreal" or that they are watching themselves from a distance. Unlike amnesia, the memory remains intact, and unlike DID, there are no alternate personalities.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → This describes Dissociative Amnesia.
Option B → This describes Conversion Disorder.
Option D → This describes Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).

🎯 Strategy

Application: Breaking down the word: De-personal (removal of self) and De-real (removal of reality).

Final Logic: Separation from self and reality is the literal definition of the disorder.

🧠 Memory Trick

Dreamlike = Depersonalisation.

5 Suicidal behaviour related to severe low mood often indicates difficulties in problem-solving and emotional expression. Such thoughts lead to action only when acting on them seems to be the ________ out of a person's difficulties.

A Biological predisposition

B Only way

C Social support

D Formal thought disorder

💡 Short Explanation

Suicide is often viewed by the sufferer as "solution-focused." It arises from a sense of total hopelessness. The person feels "trapped" with no other alternative.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

According to NCERT, suicidal behavior is often a result of a cognitive state where the individual sees death as the "only way" out of unbearable psychological pain. This is linked to "cognitive tunnel vision," where the person cannot see other solutions or forms of help, leading to the tragic decision to act on suicidal ideation.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → This refers to genetics, not the immediate motivation for the act.
Option C → This is a protective factor that prevents suicide.
Option D → This refers to disorganized thinking in schizophrenia, not mood-related suicide.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Matching the "despair/hopelessness" of the prompt to the concept of having no other options.

Final Logic: Suicidal action follows the belief that all other doors are closed.

🧠 Memory Trick

Hopelessness = "Only Way."

6 To foster positive self-esteem in children to help them cope with loss of interest or distress, goals for students should follow a specific criteria order. Arrange the characteristics goals must have:
1. Achievable
2. Specific
3. Relevant
4. Measurable

A 2, 4, 1, 3

B 1, 2, 3, 4

C 4, 2, 1, 3

D 2, 1, 4, 3

💡 Short Explanation

This follows the SMART goal framework (modified in text). Specificity and Measurability come first to define the goal. Achievability and Relevance follow to ensure success.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In the context of building self-esteem and preventing distress, goals must be structured logically: 1. 2 (Specific): Defining exactly what is to be done. 2. 4 (Measurable): Knowing when the goal is reached. 3. 1 (Achievable): Ensuring the child can actually do it to prevent further failure/distress. 4. 3 (Relevant): Making sure the goal matters to the child's life. The sequence 2-4-1-3 (Specific-Measurable-Achievable-Relevant) is the standard pedagogical approach.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Chronological/Alphabetical order is rarely used in clinical frameworks.

Options C and D → These misplace "Specific" or "Measurable," which are the foundational starting points for goal-setting.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Using the standard SMART goal sequence (Specific $\rightarrow$ Measurable $\rightarrow$ Achievable $\rightarrow$ Relevant).

Final Logic: You must define the goal (Specific/Measurable) before you can determine if it is possible (Achievable).

🧠 Memory Trick

S-M-A-R (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant).

7 Match the psychological concept to its definition from the diathesis-stress model:

List I	List II
1. Diathesis	a. Being 'at risk' or predisposed
2. Vulnerability	b. Environmental factors
3. Pathogenic stressors	c. Biological predisposition

A 1-a, 2-b, 3-c

B 1-c, 2-a, 3-b

C 1-b, 2-c, 3-a

D 1-c, 2-b, 3-a

💡 Short Explanation

Diathesis = The internal/biological seed. Vulnerability = The state of being "at risk." Stressors = The external environmental "trigger."

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Diathesis-Stress Model explains how disorders develop: 1-c: Diathesis refers to the inherited biological predisposition (e.g., genes). 2-a: Vulnerability is the resultant state of being "at risk" due to that diathesis. 3-b: Pathogenic stressors are environmental events (trauma, loss) that trigger the vulnerability to become a full disorder.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options A, C, D → These misalign the biological component with the environmental component (e.g., matching Stressors with biological predisposition).

🎯 Strategy

Application: Matching "Stress" with "Environment" and "Diathesis" with "Biological."

Final Logic: Systematic matching confirms the internal-to-external progression.

🧠 Memory Trick

Diathesis = DNA; Stress = Situation.

8 Sequence the steps of the diathesis-stress model leading to the expression of severe mood swings or disorders:
1. Person carries a vulnerability ('at risk').
2. Exposure to pathogenic stressors.
3. Presence of a biological diathesis.
4. Predisposition evolves into a disorder.

A 3, 1, 2, 4

B 1, 3, 2, 4

C 2, 1, 3, 4

D 3, 2, 1, 4

💡 Short Explanation

First: You are born with a predisposition (Diathesis). Second: This makes you "vulnerable" or at risk. Third: An environmental trigger (Stress) occurs. Fourth: The disorder manifests.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The model follows a linear causal path: 3 (Biological Diathesis) is the foundation. This creates 1 (Vulnerability). When this vulnerable person encounters 2 (Pathogenic Stressors), the combined effect causes the 4 (Evolution into a disorder). You cannot have a vulnerability (1) without the underlying diathesis (3).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Incorrectly places vulnerability before the biological cause.
Option C → Suggests the environmental stressor happens before the person is even vulnerable.
Option D → Incorrectly suggests stress creates vulnerability, rather than triggering an existing one.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Logical flow of "Innate" $\rightarrow$ "Environmental" $\rightarrow$ "Manifestation."

Final Logic: Biological traits are the starting point; the disorder is the endpoint.

🧠 Memory Trick

Bio Risk Stress Sickness.

9 A patient watches a news broadcast and firmly believes the news anchor is sending them a secret, encoded message specifically meant for them. This indicates a:

A Delusion of persecution

B Delusion of grandeur

C Delusion of control

D Delusion of reference

💡 Short Explanation

Core feature: Attaching personal meaning to neutral events. Common examples: TV, newspapers, or radio messages. The individual believes they are the "center" of random occurrences.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Delusions of Reference occur when people attach special and personal meaning to the actions of others or to various objects or events that are actually neutral. Believing a news anchor's general broadcast is a secret message meant only for the viewer is the textbook clinical example of this delusion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Belief that one is being harassed or plotted against.
Option B → Belief that one is a famous/powerful person.
Option C → Belief that thoughts/actions are being puppeted by external forces.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Matching "Secret message directed at me" to "Reference."

Final Logic: The event is being "referred" to the self.

🧠 Memory Trick

Reference = Referring everything to ME.

10 Identify the INCORRECT statement concerning auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia:

A They occur in the absence of external stimuli.

B Second-person hallucinations involve voices talking to one another and referring to the patient as "s/he".

C Auditory hallucinations are the most common type in schizophrenia.

D Patients may hear sounds or voices speaking words and sentences directly to them.

💡 Short Explanation

Grammar check: "S/he" is third-person. Second-person = "You." Third-person = "He/She."

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement B is incorrect because it confuses grammar. Voices that talk to one another and refer to the patient as "s/he" are third-person hallucinations. Second-person hallucinations involve voices talking directly to the patient (using "You"). The description provided in Option B describes a third-person interaction.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Correct; this is the definition of a hallucination.
Option C → Correct; hearing voices is the most prevalent sensory deficit in schizophrenia.
Option D → Correct; this is a form of second-person auditory hallucination.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Using basic linguistic/grammatical rules (1st, 2nd, 3rd person) to verify clinical descriptions.

Final Logic: "S/he" is third-person, making the statement "Second-person... s/he" false.

🧠 Memory Trick

2nd Person = "You"; 3rd Person = "He/She."

11 Which of the following represent formal thought disorders (positive symptoms) in schizophrenia?
I. Rapidly shifting from one topic to another (loosening of associations).
II. Inventing new words or phrases (neologisms).
III. Persistent and inappropriate repetition of the same thoughts (perseveration).

A Only I and II

B Only II and III

C I, II, and III

D Only I

💡 Short Explanation

Thought disorder = Problems in the structure of thinking. I: Disorganized flow. II: Invented language. III: Stuck on a loop.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

All three are recognized formal thought disorders in schizophrenia: I (Loosening of Associations): The person shifts between unrelated topics. II (Neologisms): The person creates private words that have no meaning to others. III (Perseveration): The person repeats words or statements again and again. These are all Positive Symptoms because they are "bizarre additions" to normal thought processing.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options A, B, and D → These are incomplete because they omit one or more valid types of thought disorder as defined by NCERT.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Identifying each item as a textbook example of disorganized thinking.

Final Logic: Since I, II, and III are all positive symptoms of thought disorder, the answer is all-inclusive.

🧠 Memory Trick

L-N-P: Loosening, Neologisms, Perseveration.

12 Match the Following:

List I	List II
1. Alogia	A. Little or no emotional expression
2. Flat affect	B. Inability to initiate activities
3. Avolition	C. Reduction in speech
4. Anhedonia	D. Inability to experience pleasure

A 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D

B 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D

C 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D

D 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D

💡 Short Explanation

Alogia = Speech deficit. Flat affect = Emotional deficit. Avolition = Will/Motivation deficit. Anhedonia = Pleasure deficit.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Matching "Negative Symptoms" to their deficits: 1-C: Alogia (Poverty of speech). 2-A: Flat affect (No facial expression/emotion). 3-B: Avolition (Lack of volition/will to start tasks). 4-D: Anhedonia (Inability to feel enjoyment).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options A, C, D → These misalign the "lack" with the "category" (e.g., matching Alogia with emotion or Avolition with speech).

🎯 Strategy

Application: Using roots (Logos = Speech, Volition = Will, Hedone = Pleasure).

Final Logic: Systematic matching of clinical terms confirms Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

A-Logia (No words), A-Volition (No will), An-Hedonia (No fun).

13 Children with ADHD who are ________ find it difficult to sustain mental effort during work or play, and cannot concentrate.

A Inattentive

B Impulsive

C Hyperactive

D Avolitional

💡 Short Explanation

Inattention = Focus deficit. Mental effort is difficult to sustain. Results in "careless mistakes" and "not listening."

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The prompt describes the Inattentive type of ADHD. Children with this feature struggle with concentration and sustaining effort over time. They often drift from one uncompleted task to another and seem to be "daydreaming" or not listening when spoken to.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Relates to acting without thinking or inability to delay gratification.
Option C → Relates to physical overactivity (fidgeting, running).
Option D → This is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, not a feature of ADHD.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Matching "cannot concentrate" to "Inattentive."

Final Logic: Concentration and Attention are synonyms in a clinical context.

🧠 Memory Trick

Inattentive = "I'm out of focus."

14 What defines the profound difficulties in social interaction for children with autism?

A They naturally initiate social behaviour but fail to maintain it.

B They are unable to initiate social behaviour and seem unresponsive to other people's feelings.

C They easily share experiences but avoid physical contact.

D They only lack verbal communication skills while non-verbal skills are intact.

💡 Short Explanation

ASD involves a lack of social-emotional reciprocity. Initiation of social contact is severely limited. They often fail to react to the emotions of others (Empathy gap).

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is fundamentally characterized by an inability to initiate social behavior. Unlike shy children, children with ASD often seem unresponsive to others, fail to establish eye contact, and do not understand the emotional states of people around them.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → False; initiation is exactly what is missing.
Option C → False; sharing experiences (joint attention) is a major deficit.
Option D → False; both verbal and non-verbal (gestures/eye contact) skills are typically impaired.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Identifying the most "complete" deficit in social functioning.

Final Logic: Option B captures both the "Initiation" and "Emotional" deficits required for an ASD diagnosis.

🧠 Memory Trick

Autism = Social Unresponsiveness.

15 Based on the classification of aggressive behaviours in conduct disorder, arrange them from purely verbal to deeply manipulative/controlling:
1. Proactive aggression (dominating/bullying without provocation)
2. Verbal aggression (name-calling)
3. Physical aggression (hitting)
4. Hostile aggression (directed at inflicting injury)

A 2, 3, 4, 1

B 1, 2, 3, 4

C 2, 4, 3, 1

D 4, 3, 2, 1

💡 Short Explanation

Step 1: Verbal (Words). Step 2: Physical (Action). Step 3: Hostile (Intent to harm). Step 4: Proactive (Cold, calculated control).

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The progression from "simple" to "complex" aggression starts with 2 (Verbal). It moves to 3 (Physical). It becomes more severe as 4 (Hostile), where the goal is specific injury. The most "manipulative/controlling" form is 1 (Proactive), where the aggression is used deliberately to dominate or bully others without being provoked.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Starts with the most complex (Proactive).
Option C → Places Hostile before Physical, but Hostile usually implies a higher level of specific harmful intent.
Option D → Reverses the order completely.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Ordering by "Calculated Intent" and "Complexity."

Final Logic: Words $\rightarrow$ Actions $\rightarrow$ Intent to Injure $\rightarrow$ Intent to Dominate.

🧠 Memory Trick

V-P-H-P: Voice $\rightarrow$ Punch $\rightarrow$ Harm $\rightarrow$ Proactive.

16 Distinguish between Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder:
I. ODD involves stubbornness and defiant behaviour, but patients justify their actions as a reaction to demands.
II. Conduct disorder involves serious rule violations and aggressive actions that violate the personal or property rights of others.

A Both I and II are false.

B I is true, II is false.

C I is false, II is true.

D Both I and II are true.

💡 Short Explanation

ODD = Defiance, lack of insight, "stubbornness." Conduct Disorder = Law-breaking, physical harm, cruelty. Conduct Disorder is considered more severe.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement I correctly captures the "psychology" of ODD, where defiance is seen by the individual as a justified reaction to others. Statement II correctly defines the "actions" of Conduct Disorder, which moves beyond mere defiance into serious violations of rights (stealing, animal cruelty, assault). Both are distinct but related behavior disorders.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options A, B, and C → These are rejected because both statements accurately reflect the NCERT differentiation between the two disorders.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Validating the core diagnostic criteria for externalizing behavior disorders.

Final Logic: ODD is about defiance; Conduct is about violation. Both definitions are correct.

🧠 Memory Trick

ODD = Mouthy; Conduct = Criminal.

17 Which statement is INCORRECT regarding eating disorders like anorexia?

A In bulimia nervosa, the person often feels disgusted after bingeing and is relieved of tension after purging.

B In anorexia nervosa, the individual perceives themselves as overweight despite losing large amounts of weight.

C In binge eating disorder, the individual purges the body of food by using medicines such as laxatives.

D Anorexia nervosa can lead to the person starving herself/himself to death.

💡 Short Explanation

Binge Eating Disorder = Bingeing ONLY. No purging (vomiting/laxatives). This is why it often leads to obesity.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement C is incorrect because Binge Eating Disorder is defined by frequent episodes of out-of-control eating without the subsequent use of purging behaviors like laxatives, fasting, or vomiting. If purging were involved, the diagnosis would shift to Bulimia Nervosa.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Correct; this is the emotional cycle of Bulimia.
Option B → Correct; this is the cognitive distortion of Anorexia.
Option D → Correct; Anorexia has a high mortality rate due to starvation.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Distinguishing "Binge Eating" from "Bulimia."

Final Logic: Binge-Eating = Inbound only; Bulimia = Inbound + Outbound.

🧠 Memory Trick

Binge Eating = No Exit.

18 Riya consumes abnormally large quantities of food rapidly even when she isn't physically hungry, eating until she feels uncomfortably full. She then forces herself to vomit to purge the body of food. She is likely suffering from:

A Anorexia nervosa

B Bulimia nervosa

C Binge eating disorder

D Somatic symptom disorder

💡 Short Explanation

Key 1: Bingeing (Large quantities). Key 2: Purging (Forced vomiting). Key 3: Feelings of loss of control.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Riya's behavior matches the diagnosis for Bulimia Nervosa. The presence of bingeing (eating until uncomfortably full) followed by a compensatory behavior—purging (vomiting)—is the classic cycle of this disorder. In Binge Eating Disorder, she would not vomit; in Anorexia, she would not binge in this manner.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Characterized by starvation and extreme weight loss, not bingeing cycles.
Option C → Characterized by bingeing but without the purging (vomiting).
Option D → Unrelated to food; involves physical complaints with no biological cause.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Identifying the two-step cycle: Binge + Purge.

Final Logic: Vomiting after eating is the clinical marker for Bulimia.

🧠 Memory Trick

B-P (Bulimia = Binge then Purge).

📄 Passage

Passage-based MCQ) "Addictive behaviour, whether it involves excessive intake of high calorie food resulting in extreme obesity or involving the abuse of substances such as alcohol or cocaine, is one of the most severe problems being faced by society today. Disorders relating to maladaptive behaviours resulting from regular and consistent use of the substance involved are included under substance related and addictive disorders. Heroin intake significantly interferes with social and occupational functioning. Most abusers further develop a dependence on heroin, revolving their lives around the substance, building up a tolerance for it."

Based on the passage, what defines a condition as a substance related and addictive disorder due to alcohol abuse?

A A single instance of consuming high calorie food.

B Occasional recreational use that does not impact daily functioning.

C Maladaptive behaviours resulting from the regular and consistent use of a substance.

D The development of an alternate personality.

💡 Short Explanation

Key: Consistency of use. Key: Maladaptation (harmful impact). "Maladaptive" means it interferes with normal life roles.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage explicitly states that disorders involving "maladaptive behaviours resulting from regular and consistent use of the substance" are classified as substance-related and addictive disorders. This implies that the use is no longer a choice but a damaging habit that impacts the individual's ability to function.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Refers to eating habits, not substance abuse.
Option B → If it doesn't impact functioning, it is not "maladaptive" and therefore not a clinical disorder.
Option D → Refers to Dissociative Identity Disorder.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Directly identifying the definition provided in the text.

Final Logic: Regular use + Harm (Maladaptation) = Disorder.

🧠 Memory Trick

Regular + Maladaptive = Addictive Disorder.

📄 Passage

"Addictive behaviour, whether it involves excessive intake of high calorie food resulting in extreme obesity or involving the abuse of substances such as alcohol or cocaine, is one of the most severe problems being faced by society today. Disorders relating to maladaptive behaviours resulting from regular and consistent use of the substance involved are included under substance related and addictive disorders. Heroin intake significantly interferes with social and occupational functioning. Most abusers further develop a dependence on heroin, revolving their lives around the substance, building up a tolerance for it."

Based on the passage, the escalating cycle of drug dependence includes which of the following mechanisms?

A Decreasing the amount of the substance over time to avoid withdrawal.

B Revolving their lives around the substance and building up a tolerance for it.

C Spontaneous recovery without any withdrawal reactions.

D Experiencing extreme obesity as a direct result.

💡 Short Explanation

Tolerance = Needing more for the same effect. Dependence = Life revolves around the drug. This is a self-reinforcing cycle.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage states that abusers "develop a dependence... revolving their lives around the substance, building up a tolerance for it." This means as the body adapts (tolerance), the person needs more drug, which leads to more focus on obtaining the drug, establishing a cycle of dependence.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Addicts typically increase the amount due to tolerance.
Option C → Addiction typically involves difficult recovery with severe withdrawal.
Option D → While the passage mentions obesity in the context of food addiction, it is not the mechanism for drug dependence.

🎯 Strategy

Application: Finding the phrases "revolving lives" and "tolerance" in the provided passage.

Final Logic: The passage defines dependence through life-centricity and tolerance.

🧠 Memory Trick

Revolve + Tolerance = Dependence.

CUET UG Booster Psychology-Psychological Disorders Unit 4 Test ( D5)

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