CUET UG Biology Booster Test 3-Conservation Strategies -

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CUET UG Biology Booster Test 3-Conservation Strategies

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Biology Booster Test 3-Conservation Strategies

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Analyze the following statements concerning conservation strategies:
I. The in situ strategy primarily addresses species facing an imminent, very high risk of extinction by immediately removing them to enclosures.
II. Protecting the whole ecosystem automatically safeguards its biodiversity at all levels.

Answer Review

1 Analyze the following statements concerning conservation strategies:
I. The in situ strategy primarily addresses species facing an imminent, very high risk of extinction by immediately removing them to enclosures.
II. Protecting the whole ecosystem automatically safeguards its biodiversity at all levels.

A Only II

B Only I

C Both I and II

D Neither I nor II

💡 Short Explanation

In situ conservation protects the organism in its natural habitat, not by removing it. Removing species to enclosures defines ex situ conservation. Protecting an ecosystem ensures the protection of all species and processes within it.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement I is incorrect because removing species from their natural environment to enclosures (zoological parks, botanical gardens) is the definition of ex situ conservation, not in situ. Statement II is correct because in situ conservation (on-site) aims to protect the entire ecosystem (e.g., National Parks, Biosphere Reserves). By saving the habitat, we automatically save all constituent species, their genetic diversity, and ecological interactions, making it the most holistic strategy.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Incorrect because Statement I is false.
Option C → Incorrect because it incorrectly validates Statement I.
Option D → Incorrect because it ignores that Statement II is a valid ecological principle.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Eliminate statements that contradict the definitions of in situ vs ex situ conservation. Once Statement I is identified as incorrect, only Option A remains.

Final Logic: In situ = natural home (habitat); Ex situ = off-site (enclosures). Statement I describes ex situ.

🧠 Memory Trick

In Situ = In the wild.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: In Situ Conservation

2 "Save the entire forest to save the tiger" implies a holistic conservation approach. What is the fundamental ecological rationale behind this statement?

A Tigers can only breed in captivity.

B A tiger's survival is intrinsically linked to the health and intactness of its entire habitat and ecosystem.

C Tigers require deforestation to hunt effectively.

D Forest conservation is cheaper than maintaining zoological parks.

💡 Short Explanation

Tigers are apex predators. They require large areas and healthy prey populations. Habitat integrity is essential for their long-term survival.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The phrase represents the "umbrella species" concept in conservation. Protecting the forest habitat ensures the protection of the entire food web, prey base, and water sources that the tiger depends on. Option B is the correct rationale as it recognizes the interdependence of the species with its ecosystem.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; tigers thrive in the wild and are not restricted to captive breeding.
Option C → Incorrect; deforestation destroys the tiger's hunting grounds and shelter.
Option D → Incorrect; while cost-effectiveness is a side benefit, it is not the ecological rationale for the strategy.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Look for the option that emphasizes ecological "wholeness" or "habitat-dependency," matching the "holistic" tone of the prompt.

Final Logic: The survival of an apex predator is an indicator of a healthy, complete ecosystem.

🧠 Memory Trick

Tiger = Umbrella species (protect the forest, you protect the tiger).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: In Situ Conservation

3 Which of the following conditions would NOT characterize a region designated as a 'biodiversity hotspot'?

A The region has extremely high levels of species richness.

B The region experiences negligible levels of habitat loss.

C The region contains species that are not found anywhere else globally.

D Strict protection of this region can significantly lower mass extinction rates.

💡 Short Explanation

Hotspots are defined by high endemism. Hotspots are defined by high levels of threat (habitat loss). "Negligible loss" contradicts the definition of a hotspot.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Biodiversity hotspots are regions characterized by two criteria: exceptionally high species richness (high endemism) and high levels of habitat destruction/loss. Therefore, a region experiencing "negligible" loss would not qualify as a hotspot.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; this IS a defining characteristic of a hotspot.
Option C → Incorrect; endemism is a primary criterion for hotspot designation.
Option D → Incorrect; hotspots are prioritized specifically because their protection helps reduce global extinction rates.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application: The phrase "negligible levels of habitat loss" stands out as the opposite of the "high threat" requirement for hotspots.

Final Logic: Hotspots are defined by high threat, not negligible threat.

🧠 Memory Trick

Hotspot = Hot + Spot (High species + High threat/burning).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Biodiversity Hotspots

4 Match the analytical insights regarding hotspots to their corresponding data points:

List I	List II
1. Land area coverage of hotspots	A. 34
2. Extinction reduction potential	B. 9
3. Total hotspots globally	C. Less than 2 per cent
4. Hotspots added post-initial identification	D. Almost 30 per cent

A 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D

B 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

C 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B

D 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B

💡 Short Explanation

Coverage: < 2%. Reduction: ~30%. Total: 34. Added: 9.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1-C: Hotspots cover less than 2% of Earth's land area. 2-D: Strict protection can reduce mass extinction by almost 30%. 3-A: There are 34 recognized biodiversity hotspots. 4-B: 9 hotspots were added to the initial list of 25.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; random mapping.
Option B → Incorrect mappings for all variables.
Option C → Incorrect; swaps 3 and 4.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application: Match the most well-known statistic (Hotspots cover < 2% of land) to '1-C'. This eliminates options B and D. Then, verify the total count (34) to confirm Option D.

Final Logic: Systematic verification of known NCERT data points.

🧠 Memory Trick

Less than 2 (area) = 30 (extinction reduction); 25 initial + 9 new = 34 total.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Biodiversity Hotspots

5 India is covered by exceptionally high biodiversity regions that are part of global hotspots. If a taxonomist is studying endemic amphibians in a hotspot spanning the southwestern coast of India, which hotspot are they exploring?

A Indo-Burma

B Himalaya

C Aravalli Hills

D Western Ghats and Sri Lanka

💡 Short Explanation

Southwestern coast of India = Western Ghats. These are known for high amphibian endemism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot covers the Western Ghats range in India. It is globally recognized for high levels of endemism, particularly among amphibians and reptiles.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; covers North-Eastern India.
Option B → Incorrect; covers the Himalayan range (North).
Option C → Incorrect; not a global biodiversity hotspot.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual Matching

Application: Associate the geographic location (Southwestern coast) with the corresponding Indian hotspot.

Final Logic: Geography of India maps directly to Western Ghats.

🧠 Memory Trick

Southwest = Western Ghats.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Indian Hotspots

6 Regarding India's biodiversity hotspots, which of the following is NOT listed in the text as one of the hotspots covering India's high biodiversity regions?

A Eastern Ghats and Andaman

B Indo-Burma

C Himalaya

D Western Ghats and Sri Lanka

💡 Short Explanation

India has three main hotspots. They are Western Ghats, Himalaya, and Indo-Burma. Eastern Ghats is not one of them.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The three hotspots identified in the NCERT text for India are: (1) Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, (2) Indo-Burma, and (3) Himalaya. "Eastern Ghats and Andaman" is not included in this list.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Incorrect; this IS a hotspot.
Option C → Incorrect; this IS a hotspot.
Option D → Incorrect; this IS a hotspot.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Recall the "Big 3" hotspots for India and eliminate them.

Final Logic: The outlier is the Eastern Ghats.

🧠 Memory Trick

W-I-H (Western Ghats, Indo-Burma, Himalaya).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Indian Hotspots

7 Arrange the following protected area categories based on their numerical count present in India (from lowest to highest):
I. Wildlife sanctuaries
II. National parks
III. Biosphere reserves

A I, II, III

B III, II, I

C II, III, I

D III, I, II

💡 Short Explanation

Biosphere Reserves (~14). National Parks (~90). Wildlife Sanctuaries (~448).

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Based on NCERT data: Biosphere Reserves (14) < National Parks (90) < Wildlife Sanctuaries (448). Therefore, the order from lowest to highest is III, II, I.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; reverses the logic.
Option C → Incorrect; incorrect hierarchy.
Option D → Incorrect; miscounts the order.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Dimensional/Unit Analysis (Numerical Order)

Application: Sort by the values provided in the text.

Final Logic: 14 < 90 < 448.

🧠 Memory Trick

BR(14) < NP(90) < WS(448).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Protected Area Network

8 Consider the following statements evaluating India's protected area network:
I. India has legally protected ecologically unique regions as 14 biosphere reserves.
II. The protected area network in India is an example of ex situ conservation. Which of the statements is/are logically correct based on the text?

A Neither I nor II

B Only II

C Both I and II

D Only I

💡 Short Explanation

Biosphere reserves count = 14 (in text). Protected Area Network = In situ conservation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement I is correct per the text (14 Biosphere Reserves). Statement II is incorrect; National Parks, Sanctuaries, and Biosphere Reserves form the in situ conservation network, not ex situ.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; Statement I is true.
Option B → Incorrect; confuses in situ and ex situ.
Option C → Incorrect; Statement II is false.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Determine if the Protected Area Network is in situ (on-site). Since it is, Statement II is false.

Final Logic: Protected Area Network = in situ.

🧠 Memory Trick

Network = Protected (in home) = In situ.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Protected Area Network

9 Which of the following is NOT an accurate interpretation of the role of religious and cultural traditions in India's biodiversity conservation?

A Tracts of forests were completely harvested to build religious temples.

B Trees and wildlife within set aside forests were venerated.

C These traditions provided total protection to specific forest tracts.

D They led to the creation of what are known as sacred groves.

💡 Short Explanation

Sacred groves = protection, not harvesting. Religious tradition = conservation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In many cultures, tracts of forest were set aside, and all trees and wildlife within were given total protection. These are known as "sacred groves." Option A describes the exact opposite of this conservation practice.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Incorrect; this IS an accurate description of religious conservation.
Option C → Incorrect; this IS an accurate description of the sacred grove outcome.
Option D → Incorrect; this IS the definition of the phenomenon.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Identify the statement that contrasts with the concept of "protection." "Harvesting" is the antithesis of conservation.

Final Logic: Harvesting is destruction, not conservation.

🧠 Memory Trick

Sacred = Save, not Saw (down).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Sacred Groves

10 Why are the sacred groves in Meghalaya analytically crucial for botanical conservation?

A They are the primary source of commercial timber in the state.

B They serve as the last refuges for a large number of rare and threatened plants.

C They are the only places where advanced tissue culture is performed.

D They contain 90 national parks within them.

💡 Short Explanation

Sacred groves protect biodiversity. They act as refugia for endangered species.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Sacred groves in regions like Meghalaya (Khasi and Jaintia Hills) are the last refuges for a large number of rare and threatened plants in their respective areas, protecting them from anthropogenic pressure.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; sacred groves prohibit logging.
Option C → Incorrect; tissue culture is an ex situ laboratory technique, not a function of sacred groves.
Option D → Incorrect; 90 refers to the number of National Parks in India, not the contents of a grove.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application: Select the option that aligns with the "conservation" goal of the passage.

Final Logic: Sacred groves = Refugia.

🧠 Memory Trick

Grove = Refuge.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Sacred Groves

11 Under what specific ecological condition does the text suggest ex situ conservation becomes the more desirable approach over in situ conservation?

A When the entire ecosystem is perfectly healthy and stable.

B When an organism is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future and needs urgent measures.

C When a nation finds it economically feasible to conserve all its biological wealth in nature.

D When dealing with widespread, non-endangered invasive species.

💡 Short Explanation

In situ is preferred for long-term survival. Ex situ is a "safety net" for urgent cases. "Very high risk" necessitates removal to prevent extinction.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Ex situ conservation is specifically employed when an animal or plant is in danger of imminent extinction in the wild. By moving them to a controlled environment (like a zoo or gene bank), scientists can prevent the loss of the species while addressing threats in their natural habitat.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; if the ecosystem is healthy, in situ is sufficient and better.
Option C → Incorrect; economic feasibility does not dictate the ecological necessity of ex situ.
Option D → Incorrect; ex situ is for threatened, not common or invasive, species.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Eliminate scenarios where in situ is the obvious choice (stable ecosystems, abundant species) to isolate the condition of "high risk."

Final Logic: Urgent risk = Ex situ.

🧠 Memory Trick

Ex = Exit (remove from wild).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Ex Situ Conservation

12 Match the conservation methodologies with their conceptual categories:

Column 1	Column 2
1. Saving entire forests	A. In situ approach
2. Maintaining animals extinct in the wild	B. Ex situ approach
3. Legally protecting a national	c. In situ approach
4. Botanical gardensColumn	D. Ex situ approach

A 1-B, 2-A, 3-B, 4-A

B 1-A, 2-B, 3-A, 4-B

C 1-A, 2-A, 3-B, 4-B

D 1-B, 2-B, 3-A, 4-A

💡 Short Explanation

Forests and National Parks = In situ. Animals in captivity and Botanical gardens = Ex situ.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In situ (on-site) includes protecting the ecosystem and habitats (1-A, 3-A). Ex situ (off-site) includes captive breeding and plant cultivation in special settings (2-B, 4-B).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A, C, D → Incorrect; miscategorize the methods based on whether they occur in the natural habitat or a controlled setting.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application: Group items into "In-Nature" (1, 3) and "In-Zoo/Garden" (2, 4) to verify the correct sequence.

Final Logic: Nature = In situ; Artificial = Ex situ.

🧠 Memory Trick

"In" situ = "In" the woods. "Ex" situ = "Ex"ternal environment.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: In Situ vs Ex Situ

13 How does gamete cryopreservation represent a leap beyond traditional ex situ conservation (like keeping animals in enclosures)?

A It allows organisms to live freely in biosphere reserves.

B It permanently eliminates the need for any living organisms.

C It preserves genetic material in a viable, fertile condition for long periods without needing a whole living animal.

D It is an ancient cultural tradition rather than a technological advancement.

💡 Short Explanation

Cryopreservation uses liquid nitrogen. Maintains gametes/embryos. Requires less space/resources than living animals.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Cryopreservation allows for the long-term storage of gametes and embryos in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. This ensures that the genetic material remains viable, allowing for future breeding or research without the immediate need to house and feed the living animal.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; this is not the purpose of cryopreservation.
Option B → Incorrect; living organisms are still necessary for the future offspring.
Option D → Incorrect; it is a high-tech modern method.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Identify the definition of cryopreservation among the options.

Final Logic: Genetic material + cold storage = Long-term potential.

🧠 Memory Trick

Cryo = Cold; preservation = Saving for later.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Advanced Ex Situ Technologies

14 Regarding advanced ex situ technologies, which of the following statements is NOT supported by the text?

A Ex situ conservation has advanced beyond simply keeping threatened species in enclosures.

B Eggs of threatened species can be fertilised in vitro.

C Tissue culture methods can be used to propagate plants.

D In vitro fertilisation has been abandoned due to its high failure rate in zoological parks.

💡 Short Explanation

IVF is a standard, successful tool. The text lists it as an advancement, not a failure.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The text identifies in vitro fertilization (IVF) and tissue culture as modern, useful tools for ex situ conservation. It does not state that these have been abandoned.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; the text confirms this advancement.
Option B → Incorrect; this is a supported fact.
Option C → Incorrect; this is a supported fact.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Check each statement against the known technologies mentioned in the chapter. Option D contradicts the premise of "advancement."

Final Logic: The technology is active and utilized.

🧠 Memory Trick

IVF = Advanced help for species.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Advanced Ex Situ Technologies

15 The use of seed banks is an analytical safeguard against which potential agricultural or ecological crisis?

A The overpopulation of herbivores in national parks.

B The complete loss of genetic strains of commercially important plants.

C The excessive growth of sacred groves.

D The increase in the number of biosphere reserves.

💡 Short Explanation

Seed banks store genetic diversity. Prevents extinction of crop varieties.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Seed banks are crucial for preserving the genetic diversity of crops and wild relatives. If a specific strain is lost in the field due to disease or climate change, the seed bank acts as a "bank account" to retrieve that lost genetic heritage.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A, C, D → Incorrect; these are unrelated to the function of storing seed samples.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Associate "Seed Bank" with "Genetics" and "Plants."

Final Logic: Seed banks protect genetic strains.

🧠 Memory Trick

Seed bank = Plant's savings account.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Genetic Resource Banks

16 Arrange the following conservation methods from the least technologically intervened (most natural) to the most technologically intervened:
I. Tissue culture plant propagation
II. Protecting a sacred grove
III. Maintaining plants in a botanical garden

A III, II, I

B I, II, III

C II, III, I

D II, I, III

💡 Short Explanation

Sacred grove = Natural/Minimal. Botanical garden = Controlled environment. Tissue culture = Laboratory/Cellular level.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Sacred groves require minimal interference (II). Botanical gardens involve planting and maintenance (III). Tissue culture is the most advanced, requiring lab equipment and aseptic conditions (I).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A, B, D → Incorrect; they fail to follow the hierarchy of human/technological intervention.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Start with the most natural (Sacred Grove) and end with the most synthetic (Tissue Culture). Only option C begins with II.

Final Logic: Nature < Garden < Lab.

🧠 Memory Trick

Field (II) < Garden (III) < Test-tube (I).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Conservation Levels

📄 Passage

"Biodiversity knows no political boundaries and its conservation is therefore a collective responsibility of all nations. The historic Convention on Biological Diversity ('The Earth Summit') held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits. In a follow-up, the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, 190 countries pledged their commitment to achieve by 2010, a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels."

Based on the passage, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro was fundamentally convened to urge nations to:

A Abolish all zoological parks.

B Take appropriate measures for conservation and sustainable utilisation of biodiversity benefits.

C Eradicate all global hotspots.

D Shift entirely from in situ to ex situ conservation.

💡 Short Explanation

Passage explicitly states: "called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation... and sustainable utilisation."

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The text directly quotes the Earth Summit's objective: to urge nations to take steps for the conservation of biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of its benefits.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A, C, D → Incorrect; the passage contains no such instructions.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Extract the objective directly from the provided text passage.

Final Logic: Direct comprehension of the passage.

🧠 Memory Trick

1992 Rio = Conservation + Sustainable Use.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Global Agreements

📄 Passage

According to the text, what analytical relationship exists between the Earth Summit of 1992 and the World Summit of 2002?

A The 2002 Summit was a follow-up to the 1992 Summit's initiatives on biodiversity.

B The 2002 Summit completely invalidated the agreements of the 1992 Summit.

C Both summits were held in the exact same city.

D The 1992 Summit was focused on local issues, while the 2002 Summit only addressed marine issues.

💡 Short Explanation

Passage says: "In a follow-up, the World Summit... 190 countries pledged..."

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage clearly frames the 2002 Johannesburg summit as a "follow-up" to the 1992 Earth Summit, where nations renewed their commitments to reduce biodiversity loss.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B, C, D → Incorrect; explicitly contradicted by the passage.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Identify the relationship described ("In a follow-up...").

Final Logic: Comprehension of textual chronology.

🧠 Memory Trick

1992 Start -> 2002 Follow-up.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: Global Agreements

📄 Passage

The target to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010 indicates that global conservation efforts are structured around:

A Vague, open-ended suggestions without timelines.

B Time-bound, quantifiable commitments agreed upon by multiple nations.

C Solely relying on individual efforts by non-governmental organizations.

D Ignoring local and regional biodiversity losses.

💡 Short Explanation

"By 2010" = Time-bound. "Significant reduction" = Goal-oriented/Quantifiable.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The use of a specific target year (2010) and a clear objective (significant reduction) demonstrates that these international agreements are structured, quantifiable, and time-bound commitments.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrect; it has a clear timeline.
Option C → Incorrect; these are state/nation-level agreements, not just NGO-level.
Option D → Incorrect; the pledge specifically includes local levels.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Dimensional/Unit Analysis

Application: Break down the goal "by 2010" and "significant reduction" to interpret the nature of the policy.

Final Logic: Specific Date + Specific Goal = Time-bound commitment.

🧠 Memory Trick

Target Date = Time-bound.

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: International Commitments

📄 Passage

Based on the commitments made at the 2002 Johannesburg summit, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A The pledge was made by exactly 25 nations.

B The commitment targeted a reduction in the biodiversity loss rate by 2010.

C The reduction was intended across global, regional, and local levels.

D It reflected the principle that biodiversity conservation is a collective responsibility.

💡 Short Explanation

Passage says 190 countries, not 25.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage states that 190 countries made the pledge. Therefore, saying "exactly 25 nations" is factually incorrect according to the text.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B, C, D → Incorrect; these are all stated as true facts in the passage.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Compare the number "25" in option A with "190" in the text to identify the false statement.

Final Logic: 25 != 190.

🧠 Memory Trick

190 countries (huge global effort).

📚 Biodiversity and Conservation – Topic: International Commitments

CUET UG Biology Booster Test 3-Conservation Strategies

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