CUET UG Applied Mathematics Booster Test 2 - Quantification and Mixture Applications
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QUESTION 1 OF 20
An application of alligation is to find the ratio of quantities. If rice at Rs 69 per kg is mixed with rice at Rs 100 per kg to form a mixture worth Rs 80 per kg, what is the ratio of cheaper to dearer ingredients?
QUESTION 2 OF 20
Match the specific mixture variables and parameters with their algebraic substitutions.
| List 1 | List 2 |
|---|---|
| 1. Quantity of pure liquid after n replacements | a. (d - m) / (m - c) |
| 2. Ratio of cheaper to dearer ingredients | b. x(1 - y/x)^n |
| 3. Speed of boat in still water | c. 1/2(a + b) |
| 4. Combined tank fill portion in 1 hour | d. 1/x - 1/y |
QUESTION 3 OF 20
Which of the following boundary conditions MUST hold true for the Mean Price (m) when mixing a cheaper ingredient (c) and a dearer ingredient (d)?
1. m > c
2. m < d
3. m = c + d
4. m > d
QUESTION 4 OF 20
Consider the cost price of a unit quantity in practical alligation mixtures. Identify the INCORRECT statement.
QUESTION 5 OF 20
Cost of two types of pulses is Rs 55 per kg and Rs 90 per kg. If both pulses are mixed together in the ratio 2:3, what is the mean price of the mixed variety of pulses per kg?
QUESTION 6 OF 20
Based on the inverse proportion to cost constraint region, if the mean price is exactly halfway between the cost of the cheaper and dearer ingredients, what will be the ratio of their quantities?
QUESTION 7 OF 20
In formulating the equated alligation balance, if honey costs Rs 240 per litre and is diluted with water to make a syrup worth Rs 200 per litre, what is the dearer ingredient and its cost?
QUESTION 8 OF 20
Moving along the alligation diagrammatic method, calculate the ratio of water to honey added to dilute the Rs 240 honey to a moving average price of Rs 200.
QUESTION 9 OF 20
A container contains 40 litres of milk. From this, 4 litres of milk is taken out and replaced with water. If this process is repeated two more times, calculate the final quantity of pure milk using the replacement formula.
QUESTION 10 OF 20
A container holds 70 litres of orange squash. Seven litres of squash is removed and replaced with water. This process is repeated three times in total. How much orange squash is left?
QUESTION 11 OF 20
Taking into account the area of costs, how does the zero cost price of water impact the (m - c) term when water is the cheaper ingredient in a mixture?
QUESTION 12 OF 20
Integrating profit and loss: A retailer has 250 kg of rice. He sells a part at 10% profit and the rest at a 5% loss, making an overall 7% profit. What represents 'c' and 'd' in the alligation calculation?
QUESTION 13 OF 20
A man rows 15 km upstream and 25 km downstream in 5 hours each time. What is his downstream speed?
QUESTION 14 OF 20
A man rows 15 km upstream and 25 km downstream in 5 hours each time. What is his upstream speed?
QUESTION 15 OF 20
Based on the downstream speed of 5 km/hr and upstream speed of 3 km/hr, what is the speed of the boat in still water?
QUESTION 16 OF 20
Based on the downstream speed of 5 km/hr and upstream speed of 3 km/hr, what is the speed of the current (stream)?
QUESTION 17 OF 20
Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 hours. What portion of the tank does it fill in one hour functioning as an inlet pipe?
QUESTION 18 OF 20
Pipe C can empty a full cistern in 20 minutes. What portion of the cistern does it empty per minute?
QUESTION 19 OF 20
Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 hours and pipe B in 45 hours. If both are opened in an empty tank, what portion of the tank is filled per hour?
QUESTION 20 OF 20
Based on the combined efficiency of 1/18 per hour calculated for Pipes A and B, how much total time will it take to fill the tank?
Test Complete!
Answer Review
1 An application of alligation is to find the ratio of quantities. If rice at Rs 69 per kg is mixed with rice at Rs 100 per kg to form a mixture worth Rs 80 per kg, what is the ratio of cheaper to dearer ingredients?
�� Apply the rule of alligation. �� Ratio = (d − m) : (m − c). �� Substituting values gives 20:11.
Using alligation: Cheaper price (c) = 69 Dearer price (d) = 100 Mean price (m) = 80 Ratio of cheaper : dearer Hence, the ratio is 20:11. Option B is correct because alligation always gives the ratio inversely proportional to the price differences. Option A reverses the ratio. Option C and D do not satisfy the price balance condition.
- �� Option A → Ratio is reversed incorrectly.
- �� Option C → Does not satisfy weighted average condition.
- �� Option D → Incorrect proportional difference calculation.
Used: Substitution
Application: Substitute directly into the alligation formula to avoid calculation confusion.
Final Logic: (100 − 80):(80 − 69) = 20:11.
"Difference opposite gives ratio."
2 Match the specific mixture variables and parameters with their algebraic substitutions.
| List 1 | List 2 |
|---|---|
| 1. Quantity of pure liquid after n replacements | a. (d - m) / (m - c) |
| 2. Ratio of cheaper to dearer ingredients | b. x(1 - y/x)^n |
| 3. Speed of boat in still water | c. 1/2(a + b) |
| 4. Combined tank fill portion in 1 hour | d. 1/x - 1/y |
�� Each formula belongs to a standard aptitude concept. �� Replacement uses exponential reduction. �� Boat speed in still water is the average of upstream and downstream speeds.
Match each variable with its standard formula. • Quantity of pure liquid after n replacements: Remaining quantity = x(1 - y/x)^n. Therefore, 1 → b. • Ratio of cheaper to dearer ingredients: According to the rule of alligation, Quantity of Cheaper / Quantity of Dearer = (d - m) / (m - c). Therefore, 2 → a. • Speed of boat in still water: Boat speed = (Upstream Speed + Downstream Speed) / 2 = 1/2(a + b). Therefore, 3 → c. • Combined tank fill portion in 1 hour: For one pipe filling and another emptying, Net work done in one hour = 1/x - 1/y. Therefore, 4 → d. Thus, the correct matching is 1 → b 2 → a 3 → c 4 → d Hence, Option A is correct.
- �� Option B → Incorrect because the replacement and alligation formulas are interchanged.
- �� Option C → Incorrect because the boat speed and tank-work formulas are interchanged.
- �� Option D → Incorrect because all four formulas are mismatched.
Used: Option Grouping
Application:
- Identify each standard formula independently and compare the complete mapping.
Final Logic:
- Only Option A correctly matches all four concepts.
Replacement → Power formula.
3 Which of the following boundary conditions MUST hold true for the Mean Price (m) when mixing a cheaper ingredient (c) and a dearer ingredient (d)?
1. m > c
2. m < d
3. m = c + d
4. m > d
�� Mean price always lies between the cheaper and dearer prices. �� It can never exceed the dearer price. �� It cannot equal the sum of the two prices.
In alligation, c < m < d, where c = Cost of the cheaper ingredient, m = Mean price, d = Cost of the dearer ingredient. Evaluate each statement. • Statement 1: m > c. This is true. • Statement 2: m < d. This is true. • Statement 3: m = c + d. This is false because the mean price lies between c and d, not equal to their sum. • Statement 4: m > d. This is false because the mean price cannot exceed the dearer price. Therefore, only Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Hence, Option A is correct.
- �� Option B → Incorrect because Statement 3 is false.
- �� Option C → Incorrect because Statement 4 is false.
- �� Option D → Incorrect because Statement 3 is false.
Used: Elimination
Application:
- Remove statements that violate the basic property of averages.
Final Logic:
- The mean price must always remain between the cheaper and dearer prices.
Average always stays between the extremes.
4 Consider the cost price of a unit quantity in practical alligation mixtures. Identify the INCORRECT statement.
�� Mean price represents the cost price of the mixture. �� Selling price changes when profit or loss is applied. �� Cost price and selling price are not the same after profit.
In alligation, the mean price represents the effective cost price of the final mixture. If a profit is applied, Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit. Therefore, the selling price becomes greater than the mean cost price. Evaluate each option. • Option A is correct because the mean price becomes the effective cost price of the mixture. • Option B is correct because the alligation ratio depends on the mean price and the cross differences. • Option C is incorrect because after adding a profit margin, the selling price is no longer equal to the mean cost price. • Option D is correct because the cross difference (d - m) determines the proportional quantity of the cheaper ingredient. Hence, Option C is the incorrect statement.
- �� Option A → Correct because the mean price is the effective cost price of the mixture.
- �� Option B → Correct because the alligation ratio is based on the mean price.
- �� Option D → Correct because (d - m) corresponds to the quantity of the cheaper ingredient.
Used: Extreme Word Filter
Application:
- The word "equals" becomes incorrect once a profit margin is introduced.
Final Logic:
- Profit changes the selling price, while the mean price remains the cost price.
Profit changes SP, not CP.
5 Cost of two types of pulses is Rs 55 per kg and Rs 90 per kg. If both pulses are mixed together in the ratio 2:3, what is the mean price of the mixed variety of pulses per kg?
�� Use the weighted average formula. �� Multiply each price by its corresponding quantity. �� Divide the total cost by the total quantity.
The weighted average (mean price) is Mean Price = (55 × 2 + 90 × 3) / (2 + 3) = (110 + 270) / 5 = 380 / 5 = Rs 76 per kg. Therefore, the mean price of the mixture is Rs 76 per kg. Hence, Option A is correct.
- �� Option B → Incorrect because it does not use the correct weighted average calculation.
- �� Option C → Incorrect because it overestimates the average price.
- �� Option D → Incorrect due to an arithmetic error while calculating the weighted average.
Used: Substitution
Application:
- Substitute the given prices and quantities into the weighted average formula.
Final Logic:
- Total cost divided by total quantity equals Rs 76 per kg.
Weighted average = Total Cost ÷ Total Quantity.
6 Based on the inverse proportion to cost constraint region, if the mean price is exactly halfway between the cost of the cheaper and dearer ingredients, what will be the ratio of their quantities?
�� Equal price differences produce equal quantities. �� Cross differences become equal. �� Therefore, the ratio is 1:1.
Using the rule of alligation, Quantity of Cheaper : Quantity of Dearer = (d - m) : (m - c). If the mean price lies exactly midway between the cheaper and dearer prices, then d - m = m - c. Therefore, Quantity of Cheaper : Quantity of Dearer = 1 : 1. Hence, equal quantities of both ingredients are mixed. Therefore, Option B is correct.
- �� Option A → Incorrect because it requires unequal price differences.
- �� Option C → Incorrect because it does not represent equal cross differences.
- �� Option D → Incorrect because it also requires unequal price differences.
Used: Elimination
Application:
- Recognize that a midpoint implies equal cross differences.
Final Logic:
- Equal price gaps always produce a 1:1 quantity ratio.
Midpoint means equal mix.
7 In formulating the equated alligation balance, if honey costs Rs 240 per litre and is diluted with water to make a syrup worth Rs 200 per litre, what is the dearer ingredient and its cost?
�� Honey costs more than water. �� Water is treated as having zero cost. �� Therefore, honey is the dearer ingredient.
Given, Cost of honey = Rs 240 per litre Cost of water = Rs 0 per litre Mean price of syrup = Rs 200 per litre Since 240 > 200 > 0, honey is the dearer ingredient and water is the cheaper ingredient. The syrup is the final mixture, not an ingredient. Therefore, the dearer ingredient is honey costing Rs 240 per litre. Hence, Option C is correct.
- �� Option A → Incorrect because water is the cheaper ingredient.
- �� Option B → Incorrect because Rs 200 is the mean price of the mixture, not the cost of honey.
- �� Option D → Incorrect because syrup is the final mixture, not one of the ingredients.
Used: Odd One Out
Application:
- Identify the ingredient having the highest cost.
Final Logic:
- The ingredient with the greatest cost is always the dearer ingredient.
Higher price = Dearer ingredient.
8 Moving along the alligation diagrammatic method, calculate the ratio of water to honey added to dilute the Rs 240 honey to a moving average price of Rs 200.
�� Water costs Rs 0. �� Apply the alligation rule. �� Simplify the resulting ratio.
Using alligation, Cheaper ingredient = Water = Rs 0 Dearer ingredient = Honey = Rs 240 Mean price = Rs 200 Water : Honey = (240 - 200) : (200 - 0) = 40 : 200 = 1 : 5. Hence, the ratio of water to honey is 1 : 5. Therefore, Option A is correct.
- �� Option B → Incorrect because it reverses the required ratio.
- �� Option C → Incorrect because 40 : 200 simplifies to 1 : 5, not 1 : 4.
- �� Option D → Incorrect because it reverses the proportional relationship.
Used: Substitution
Application:
- Substitute the costs directly into the alligation formula.
Final Logic:
- The ratio 40 : 200 simplifies to 1 : 5.
Cross differences give the ratio.
9 A container contains 40 litres of milk. From this, 4 litres of milk is taken out and replaced with water. If this process is repeated two more times, calculate the final quantity of pure milk using the replacement formula.
�� Use the repeated replacement formula. �� The remaining fraction each time is 36/40. �� The process is performed three times in total.
Use the replacement formula: Remaining Quantity = x(1 - y/x)^n where x = 40 litres, y = 4 litres, n = 3. Substitute the values: Remaining Quantity = 40 × (1 - 4/40)^3 = 40 × (9/10)^3 = 40 × 729/1000 = 29.16 litres. Hence, the quantity of pure milk remaining is 29.16 litres. Therefore, Option B is correct.
- �� Option A → Incorrect because it assumes a simple subtraction instead of repeated replacement.
- �� Option C → Incorrect because it does not apply exponential reduction.
- �� Option D → Incorrect due to an arithmetic error.
Used: Substitution
Application:
- Apply the replacement formula using the given values.
Final Logic:
- Repeated replacement gives 40 × (9/10)^3 = 29.16 litres.
Replacement = Multiply by the remaining fraction each time.
10 A container holds 70 litres of orange squash. Seven litres of squash is removed and replaced with water. This process is repeated three times in total. How much orange squash is left?
�� Use the repeated replacement formula. �� The remaining fraction after each replacement is 63/70. �� The process is repeated three times.
Use the replacement formula: Remaining Quantity = x(1 - y/x)^n where x = 70 litres, y = 7 litres, n = 3. Substitute the values: Remaining Quantity = 70 × (1 - 7/70)^3 = 70 × (9/10)^3 = 70 × 729/1000 = 51.03 litres. Therefore, the quantity of orange squash remaining is 51.03 litres. Hence, Option A is correct.
- �� Option B → Incorrect because it uses an incorrect repeated reduction.
- �� Option C → Incorrect because it assumes only one replacement.
- �� Option D → Incorrect because of an arithmetic error.
Used: Substitution
Application:
- Substitute the given values into the repeated replacement formula.
Final Logic:
- 70 × (9/10)^3 = 51.03 litres.
Keep multiplying by the remaining fraction.
11 Taking into account the area of costs, how does the zero cost price of water impact the (m - c) term when water is the cheaper ingredient in a mixture?
�� Water is treated as zero-cost ingredient. �� Cheaper price c = 0. �� So (m − c) becomes m.
In alligation, when water is the cheaper ingredient: Therefore: Hence option B is correct. Option A is incorrect because the value remains positive. Option C is incorrect because the term does not become the dearer price. Option D is incorrect because the term still exists in the formula.
- �� Option A → Mean price cannot become negative here.
- �� Option C → Dearer price is unrelated to simplification.
- �� Option D → Formula remains valid and unchanged structurally.
Used: Substitution
Application: Substitute c = 0 directly into the expression.
Final Logic: m − 0 simplifies to m.
"Water cost zero → term becomes mean."
12 Integrating profit and loss: A retailer has 250 kg of rice. He sells a part at 10% profit and the rest at a 5% loss, making an overall 7% profit. What represents 'c' and 'd' in the alligation calculation?
�� Loss is represented using negative sign. �� Profit is positive. �� So cheaper side becomes −5.
In profit-loss alligation: • Profit percentages are positive. • Loss percentages are negative. Thus: • 5% loss = −5 • 10% profit = +10 Therefore: Hence option B is correct. Option A ignores sign convention. Option C incorrectly uses overall profit as ingredient value. Option D does not represent the given conditions.
- �� Option A → Loss percentage must be negative.
- �� Option C → Overall profit is not ingredient ratio input.
- �� Option D → Values unrelated to given transaction.
Used: Dimensional/Unit Analysis
Application: Profit-loss percentages require proper sign interpretation.
Final Logic: Loss values are always treated as negative.
"Loss carries minus sign."
13 A man rows 15 km upstream and 25 km downstream in 5 hours each time. What is his downstream speed?
�� Downstream speed = distance ÷ time. �� Distance = 25 km. �� Time = 5 hours.
Downstream speed: Thus downstream speed = 5 km/hr. Option C is correct.
- �� Option A → Corresponds to upstream speed.
- �� Option B → Incorrect division.
- �� Option D → Excessively high for given data.
Used: Substitution
Application: Apply basic speed formula directly.
Final Logic: Speed = distance ÷ time = 5.
"Downstream → larger distance per same time."
14 A man rows 15 km upstream and 25 km downstream in 5 hours each time. What is his upstream speed?
�� Upstream speed = distance ÷ time. �� Distance = 15 km. �� Time = 5 hours.
Upstream speed: Hence upstream speed = 3 km/hr.
- �� Option B → This is downstream speed.
- �� Option C → Incorrect calculation.
- �� Option D → Does not satisfy given distance-time data.
Used: Substitution
Application: Use speed = distance/time directly.
Final Logic: 15 ÷ 5 = 3 km/hr.
"Upstream is slower."
15 Based on the downstream speed of 5 km/hr and upstream speed of 3 km/hr, what is the speed of the boat in still water?
�� Still water speed is average of upstream and downstream speeds. �� Add both speeds. �� Divide by 2.
Boat speed in still water: Hence option C is correct.
- �� Option A → Too small for average.
- �� Option B → Represents stream effect difference.
- �� Option D → Sum instead of average.
Used: Substitution
Application: Use standard boats-and-streams formula.
Final Logic: Average of 5 and 3 equals 4.
"Still water = average speed."
16 Based on the downstream speed of 5 km/hr and upstream speed of 3 km/hr, what is the speed of the current (stream)?
�� Stream speed is half the difference. �� Difference = 5 − 3. �� Half of 2 equals 1.
Current speed: Thus stream speed = 1 km/hr.
- �� Option A → Uses full difference instead of half.
- �� Option C → Equals still water speed.
- �� Option D → Incorrect halving.
Used: Substitution
Application: Apply stream speed formula directly.
Final Logic: Half of speed difference gives current speed.
"Current = half the difference."
17 Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 hours. What portion of the tank does it fill in one hour functioning as an inlet pipe?
�� Work done per hour = reciprocal of total time. �� Time taken = 30 hours. �� So one-hour work = 1/30.
If a pipe fills a tank in x hours, then one-hour work: Here x = 30. Thus: Hence option B is correct.
- �� Option A → Represents total hours, not work fraction.
- �� Option C → Incorrect reciprocal.
- �� Option D → Entire tank cannot fill in one hour.
Used: Dimensional/Unit Analysis
Application: Convert "hours to complete" into "portion per hour."
Final Logic: One-hour work = reciprocal of total time.
"Work per hour = 1/time."
18 Pipe C can empty a full cistern in 20 minutes. What portion of the cistern does it empty per minute?
�� Emptying rate also uses reciprocal principle. �� Total time = 20 minutes. �� So one-minute work = 1/20 emptied.
Outlet pipe empties: of the cistern per minute. Hence option A is correct.
- �� Option B → Represents time, not rate.
- �� Option C → Incorrect reciprocal value.
- �� Option D → Negative notation unnecessary here.
Used: Substitution
Application: Apply reciprocal work-rate rule.
Final Logic: 1 ÷ 20 gives emptied portion per minute.
"Rate is reciprocal of time."
19
Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 hours and pipe B in 45 hours. If both are opened in an empty tank, what portion of the tank is filled per hour?
�� Add individual filling rates. �� A fills 1/30 per hour. �� B fills 1/45 per hour.
Combined work: Thus combined filling rate = 1/18 per hour. Option B is correct.
- �� Option A → Faster than actual combined rate.
- �� Option C → Incorrect denominator handling.
- �� Option D → Equivalent intermediate form but not simplified fully.
Used: Substitution
Application: Convert times into hourly fractions and add.
Final Logic: Simplified combined rate equals 1/18.
"Combined work = sum of rates."
20
Based on the combined efficiency of 1/18 per hour calculated for Pipes A and B, how much total time will it take to fill the tank?
�� Time is reciprocal of rate. �� Combined rate = 1/18 per hour. �� So total time = 18 hours.
If combined filling rate: then required time: Hence option B is correct.
- �� Option A → Faster than actual efficiency.
- �� Option C → Ignores reciprocal relationship.
- �� Option D → Uses LCM denominator incorrectly.
Used: Dimensional/Unit Analysis
Application: Convert work rate back into total time.
Final Logic: Time = reciprocal of combined rate.
"Time and rate are reciprocals."
