CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 9 -

📚

CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 9

Geography

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 70 Questions

📅 2022, 2023 , 2024&2025

✍️ Long Answers

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 9

1 / 70

QUESTION 1 OF 70

Out of the given options choose the most appropriate one to define 'Density of Population'. (PYQ 2022)

Answer Review

1 Out of the given options choose the most appropriate one to define 'Density of Population'. (PYQ 2022)

A Number of live births in a year per thousand of population.

B Change in number of persons of a territory during a specific period of time.

C Ratio between the number of women and men in the population.

D Number of persons living in per square km of an area.

💡 Short Explanation

Population density shows the concentration of people in an area. It is calculated as population divided by land area. It is usually expressed as persons per square kilometre. It helps in understanding pressure of population on land.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Density of population refers to the number of people living in a unit area. → It is generally measured as persons per square kilometre. → This concept helps geographers compare how crowded or sparsely populated different regions are. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Number of live births in a year per thousand of population → This defines crude birth rate, not population density.
B) Change in number of persons of a territory during a specific period of time → This refers to population growth or population change.
C) Ratio between the number of women and men in the population → This defines sex ratio, not population density.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it refers to birth rate.
Option B → Incorrect because it refers to population change.
Option C → Incorrect because it refers to sex ratio.
Option D → Correct because density means persons per unit area.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Density of Population.

2 In which of the following period negative growth rate of population was recorded in India? (PYQ 2022)

A 1901-1911

B 1911-1921

C 1951-1961

D 1971-1981

💡 Short Explanation

India recorded negative population growth during 1911-1921. This period is linked with epidemics and high mortality. 1921 is called the Year of Great Divide. After 1921, population growth increased steadily.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → During 1911-1921, India recorded a negative growth rate of population. → This was due to epidemics, famines and poor health conditions. → The year 1921 is known as the Year of Great Divide in India's demographic history. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 1901-1911 → This period had low growth but not negative growth as per the given answer.
C) 1951-1961 → This was a post-independence period of rising population growth.
D) 1971-1981 → This period also recorded high population growth.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it was not the negative-growth decade.
Option B → Correct because 1911-1921 had negative growth.
Option C → Incorrect because it was a period of increasing growth.
Option D → Incorrect because it was also a high-growth period.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Growth of Population.

3 Arrange the following regions from low to high population density. (PYQ 2022)
Statements:
(A) Oceania
(B) Africa
(C) North America
(D) Europe

A A, C, D, B

B A, C, B, D

C C, A, D, B

D C, A, B, D

💡 Short Explanation

Oceania has very low population density. North America also has relatively low density. Africa has moderate density. Europe has high population density.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → From low to high population density, the correct order is Oceania, North America, Africa and Europe. → Oceania has vast sparsely populated areas. → North America has low density compared to Africa and Europe. → Europe is highly urbanised and densely settled compared to the other regions. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) A, C, D, B → Incorrect because Europe is placed before Africa in the required sequence.
C) C, A, D, B → Incorrect because North America is placed before Oceania.
D) C, A, B, D → Incorrect because North America is wrongly placed as the lowest-density region.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Oceania → Lowest density.
North America → Low density.
Africa → Moderate density.
Europe → High density.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Density.

4 Table:

Census Years	Total Population — Absolute Number — % of Growth
1901	238396327 — — — —
1911	252093390 — (+) 13697063 — (+) 5.75
1921	251321213 — (-) 772117 — (-) 0.31
1931	278977238 — (+) 27656025 — (+) 11.60
1941	318660580 — (+) 39683342 — (+) 14.22
1951	361088090 — (+) 42420485 — (+) 13.31
1961	439234771 — (+) 77682873 — (+) 21.51
1971	548159652 — (+) 108924881 — (+) 24.80
1981	683329097 — (+) 135169445 — (+) 24.66
1991	846302688 — (+) 162973591 — (+) 23.85
2001	1028610328 — (+) 182307640 — (+) 21.54
2011	1210193422 — (+) 181583094 — (+) 17.64

Question:
During which period, the population percent growth rate was recorded highest in India? (PYQ 2022)

A 1951-61

B 1961-71

C 1971-81

D 1981-91

💡 Short Explanation

The highest percentage growth shown is 24.80%. This corresponds to the 1961-71 period. 1971-81 is slightly lower at 24.66%. Therefore, 1961-71 recorded the highest growth rate.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to the table, the growth rate for 1961-71 is 24.80%. → This is higher than 1951-61, 1971-81 and 1981-91. → Since 24.80% is the highest value among the given options, the highest population percent growth rate was recorded during 1961-71. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 1951-61 → The growth rate was 21.51%, which is lower than 24.80%.
C) 1971-81 → The growth rate was 24.66%, slightly lower than 24.80%.
D) 1981-91 → The growth rate was 23.85%, lower than 24.80%.

🎯 Strategy

Used

1951-61 → 21.51%.
1961-71 → 24.80%.
1971-81 → 24.66%.
1981-91 → 23.85%.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Growth of Population.

5 Table:

Census Years	Total Population — Absolute Number — % of Growth
1901	238396327 — — — —
1911	252093390 — (+) 13697063 — (+) 5.75
1921	251321213 — (-) 772117 — (-) 0.31
1931	278977238 — (+) 27656025 — (+) 11.60
1941	318660580 — (+) 39683342 — (+) 14.22
1951	361088090 — (+) 42420485 — (+) 13.31
1961	439234771 — (+) 77682873 — (+) 21.51
1971	548159652 — (+) 108924881 — (+) 24.80
1981	683329097 — (+) 135169445 — (+) 24.66
1991	846302688 — (+) 162973591 — (+) 23.85
2001	1028610328 — (+) 182307640 — (+) 21.54
2011	1210193422 — (+) 181583094 — (+) 17.64

Question:
Calculate the difference of population growth percent rate from 2001 to 2011. (PYQ 2022)

A 3.00%

B 3.10%

C 3.90%

D 3.50%

💡 Short Explanation

Growth rate in 2001 = 21.54%. Growth rate in 2011 = 17.64%. Difference = 21.54 - 17.64. The answer is 3.90%.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The table shows the growth rate in 2001 as 21.54%. → The growth rate in 2011 is 17.64%. → Difference = 21.54% - 17.64% = 3.90%. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 3.00% → This is not the correct subtraction result.
B) 3.10% → This does not match 21.54 - 17.64.
D) 3.50% → This is also mathematically incorrect.

🎯 Strategy

Used

2001 growth = 21.54%.
2011 growth = 17.64%.
Difference = 3.90%.
Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Growth of Population.

6 Table:

Census Years	Total Population — Absolute Number — % of Growth
1901	238396327 — — — —
1911	252093390 — (+) 13697063 — (+) 5.75
1921	251321213 — (-) 772117 — (-) 0.31
1931	278977238 — (+) 27656025 — (+) 11.60
1941	318660580 — (+) 39683342 — (+) 14.22
1951	361088090 — (+) 42420485 — (+) 13.31
1961	439234771 — (+) 77682873 — (+) 21.51
1971	548159652 — (+) 108924881 — (+) 24.80
1981	683329097 — (+) 135169445 — (+) 24.66
1991	846302688 — (+) 162973591 — (+) 23.85
2001	1028610328 — (+) 182307640 — (+) 21.54
2011	1210193422 — (+) 181583094 — (+) 17.64

Question:
During which one of the following years, the growth rate of population was negative? (PYQ 2022)

A 1911-21

B 1921-31

C 1931-41

D 1901-11

💡 Short Explanation

Negative growth means population declined. The table shows negative growth in 1921. The growth rate was -0.31%. This corresponds to the decade 1911-21.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The table shows that in 1921, the population growth was (-) 0.31%. → This means India's population decreased during the decade 1911-1921. → This period is historically known for negative population growth. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) 1921-31 → This period recorded positive growth of 11.60%.
C) 1931-41 → This period recorded positive growth of 14.22%.
D) 1901-11 → This period recorded positive growth of 5.75%.

🎯 Strategy

Used

1911-21 → Negative growth.
1921-31 → Positive growth.
1931-41 → Positive growth.
1901-11 → Positive growth.
Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Population Growth.

7 Table:

Census Years	Total Population — Absolute Number — % of Growth
1901	238396327 — — — —
1911	252093390 — (+) 13697063 — (+) 5.75
1921	251321213 — (-) 772117 — (-) 0.31
1931	278977238 — (+) 27656025 — (+) 11.60
1941	318660580 — (+) 39683342 — (+) 14.22
1951	361088090 — (+) 42420485 — (+) 13.31
1961	439234771 — (+) 77682873 — (+) 21.51
1971	548159652 — (+) 108924881 — (+) 24.80
1981	683329097 — (+) 135169445 — (+) 24.66
1991	846302688 — (+) 162973591 — (+) 23.85
2001	1028610328 — (+) 182307640 — (+) 21.54
2011	1210193422 — (+) 181583094 — (+) 17.64

Question:
During which one of the following years, the population growth rate was less in comparison to the previous year? (PYQ 2022)

A 1931-41

B 1941-51

C 1951-61

D 1961-71

💡 Short Explanation

Growth rate in 1931-41 was 14.22%. Growth rate in 1941-51 was 13.31%. This shows a decline from the previous decade. Other options show increase in growth rate.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the table, the growth rate for 1931-41 is 14.22%. → The growth rate for 1941-51 is 13.31%. → Since 13.31% is lower than 14.22%, the growth rate declined during 1941-51. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 1931-41 → Growth increased from 11.60% to 14.22%.
C) 1951-61 → Growth increased from 13.31% to 21.51%.
D) 1961-71 → Growth increased from 21.51% to 24.80%.

🎯 Strategy

Used

1931-41 → Increased.
1941-51 → Decreased.
1951-61 → Increased.
1961-71 → Increased.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Decadal Growth of Population.

8 Table:

Census Years	Total Population — Absolute Number — % of Growth
1901	238396327 — — — —
1911	252093390 — (+) 13697063 — (+) 5.75
1921	251321213 — (-) 772117 — (-) 0.31
1931	278977238 — (+) 27656025 — (+) 11.60
1941	318660580 — (+) 39683342 — (+) 14.22
1951	361088090 — (+) 42420485 — (+) 13.31
1961	439234771 — (+) 77682873 — (+) 21.51
1971	548159652 — (+) 108924881 — (+) 24.80
1981	683329097 — (+) 135169445 — (+) 24.66
1991	846302688 — (+) 162973591 — (+) 23.85
2001	1028610328 — (+) 182307640 — (+) 21.54
2011	1210193422 — (+) 181583094 — (+) 17.64

Question:
Compute the difference between the population of 1991 and 2001 and choose the correct answer from the given options. (PYQ 2022)

A 35.38.90,734

B 35.38,89,734

C 36.38.89.734

D 36,38,90,734

💡 Short Explanation

The given answer key marks Option B. However, the table's 1991 and 2001 population values show a different arithmetic difference. 2001 population = 1,028,610,328. 1991 population = 846,302,688.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The correct answer as per the given answer key is B) 35.38,89,734. → But if we strictly calculate using the table: → 1,028,610,328 - 846,302,688 = 182,307,640. → Therefore, the table calculation does not match the listed options. → For the purpose of matching the provided answer key, Option B is retained.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 35.38.90,734 → This is not the answer selected in the given key.
C) 36.38.89.734 → This does not match the answer key and also does not match the table calculation.
D) 36,38,90,734 → This is also not supported by the given answer key.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Given answer key → Option B.
Table calculation → 182,307,640.
Options do not match the table calculation exactly.
Final Answer → Option B as per the provided key.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Population Growth and Census Data.

9 Which of the following is an economic factor influencing the distribution of population? (PYQ 2023)

A Landforms

B Minerals

C Climate

D Soils

💡 Short Explanation

Minerals attract industries. Industries create employment. Employment attracts population. Landforms, climate and soils are physical factors.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Minerals are an economic factor because they support mining and industrial activities. → Areas rich in minerals attract workers and settlements. → Therefore, minerals influence population distribution economically. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Landforms → It is a geographical or physical factor.
C) Climate → It is a physical factor.
D) Soils → It is also a physical factor linked with agriculture.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Landforms → Physical factor.
Minerals → Economic factor.
Climate → Physical factor.
Soils → Physical factor.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Factors Influencing Distribution of Population.

10 Ageing population is the result of (PYQ 2023)

A Decline in birth rate and increased life expectancy

B Larger population in lower age group

C Increasing life expectancy and high birth rate

D High birth rate and low death rate

💡 Short Explanation

Ageing population means more old people in the population. It happens when birth rate declines. It also happens when people live longer. Increased life expectancy raises the elderly population.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → When fewer children are born, the young population decreases. → When life expectancy increases, more people survive to old age. → Together, these conditions create an ageing population. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Larger population in lower age group → This indicates a young population, not an ageing population.
C) Increasing life expectancy and high birth rate → High birth rate keeps the population young.
D) High birth rate and low death rate → This leads to rapid population growth, not ageing.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Low birth rate → fewer young people.
High life expectancy → more old people.
Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: Population Composition, Section/Theme: Age Structure.

11 Identify correct statements about age structure of population. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) Nigeria has triangular shaped age-sex pyramid.
(B) Australia’s age-sex pyramid is bell shaped.
(C) Japan has a narrow base pyramid.
(D) Mexico has bell shaped age-sex pyramid.

A A, B and D only

B B, C and D only

C A, B and C only

D A, C and D only

💡 Short Explanation

Nigeria has an expanding triangular pyramid. Australia has a bell-shaped pyramid. Japan has a narrow base pyramid. Mexico does not have a bell-shaped pyramid.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Nigeria has a triangular age-sex pyramid due to high birth rate. → Australia has a bell-shaped pyramid showing stable population. → Japan has a narrow base pyramid due to low birth rate and ageing population. → Mexico does not have a bell-shaped pyramid in this classification. → Therefore, Statements A, B and C are correct. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) A, B and D only → Incorrect because Statement D is wrong.
B) B, C and D only → Incorrect because Statement D is wrong and Statement A is omitted.
D) A, C and D only → Incorrect because Statement D is wrong and Statement B is omitted.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement A → Correct.
Statement B → Correct.
Statement C → Correct.
Statement D → Incorrect.
Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: Population Composition, Section/Theme: Age-Sex Pyramid.

12 According to the Census of India 2011, the child sex ratio in Punjab and Haryana is (PYQ 2023)

A More than 890 female children per 1000 male children

B 870-890 female children per 1000 male children

C 850-870 female children per thousand male children

D Less than 850 female children per 1000 male children

💡 Short Explanation

Punjab and Haryana had very low child sex ratio. The ratio was below 850 female children per 1000 male children. It shows serious gender imbalance. This is based on Census 2011.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The child sex ratio in Punjab and Haryana was among the lowest in India. → It was below 850 female children per 1000 male children according to Census 2011. → This shows a serious gender imbalance in the child population. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) More than 890 female children per 1000 male children → This is higher than the actual level for Punjab and Haryana.
B) 870-890 female children per 1000 male children → This range is also higher than the correct range.
C) 850-870 female children per thousand male children → This is still higher than the actual category.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Punjab and Haryana → Very low child sex ratio.
Choose the lowest range.
Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Sex Ratio and Child Sex Ratio.

13 Arrange the following modern Indian languages on the basis of number of speakers in descending order. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) Dravidian
(B) Indo-European
(C) Sino-Tibetan
(D) Austric

A A, B, C, D

B A, B, D, C

C B, A, C, D

D B, A, D, C

💡 Short Explanation

Indo-European has the largest number of speakers. Dravidian comes second. Austric has more speakers than Sino-Tibetan in this classification. Descending order is Indo-European, Dravidian, Austric, Sino-Tibetan.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Indo-European language family has the largest number of speakers in India. → Dravidian language family is the second largest. → Austric comes before Sino-Tibetan in the given order. → Sino-Tibetan has the lowest number of speakers among the given families. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) A, B, C, D → Incorrect because Dravidian is not the largest.
B) A, B, D, C → Incorrect because it starts with Dravidian instead of Indo-European.
C) B, A, C, D → Incorrect because Sino-Tibetan is placed before Austric.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Indo-European → Largest.
Dravidian → Second.
Austric → Third.
Sino-Tibetan → Fourth.
Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Languages in India.

14 Match List-I with List-II. (PYQ 2023)

List-I (Period)	List-II (Growth Characteristics)
A. 1901-1921	I. Period of Population Explosion
B. 1921-1951	II. Gradually slowing down of growth rate
C. 1951-1981	III. Period of steady Population Growth
D. 1981-present	IV. Stagnant or stationary phase of growth

A A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

B A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

C A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

D A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

💡 Short Explanation

1901-1921 was a stagnant phase. 1921-1951 was a period of steady growth. 1951-1981 was the period of population explosion. 1981 onwards shows gradually slowing growth.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The period 1901-1921 had very low or stagnant population growth. → The period 1921-1951 showed steady population growth. → The period 1951-1981 was marked by population explosion. → After 1981, the growth rate began gradually slowing down. → Therefore, the correct matching is A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II → Incorrect because 1901-1921 and 1921-1951 are interchanged.
B) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I → Incorrect because several phases are wrongly matched.
D) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I → Incorrect because 1951-1981 and 1981-present are wrongly matched.

🎯 Strategy

Used

1901-1921 → Stagnant.
1921-1951 → Steady growth.
1951-1981 → Population explosion.
1981-present → Slowing growth.
Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population, Section/Theme: Growth of Population.

15 Natural growth of population denotes (PYQ 2023)

A Births - Deaths + Inmigration - Outmigration

B Births - Deaths + Outmigration - Inmigration

C Births - Deaths

D Births + Migration

💡 Short Explanation

Natural growth includes only births and deaths. Migration is not included in natural growth. Births increase population. Deaths decrease population.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Natural growth of population is the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a region. → It is called natural because it excludes migration. → If births are greater than deaths, population increases naturally. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Births - Deaths + Inmigration - Outmigration → This shows actual growth because migration is included.
B) Births - Deaths + Outmigration - Inmigration → This is an incorrect form of population growth calculation.
D) Births + Migration → This ignores deaths and gives an incomplete formula.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it includes migration.
Option B → Incorrect because migration signs are wrong.
Option C → Correct because natural growth = births - deaths.
Option D → Incorrect because deaths are missing.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Growth.

16 Who has stated that "Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are very many"? (PYQ 2023)

A Griffith Taylor

B Karl Ritter

C George B. Cressey

D Amartya Sen

💡 Short Explanation

The quote describes uneven population distribution in Asia. Some areas are densely populated. Many areas are sparsely populated. The statement was given by George B. Cressey.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → George B. Cressey made this statement to describe Asia's uneven population distribution. → It means that some areas like river valleys are highly crowded. → Large areas like deserts and mountains have very few people. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Griffith Taylor → He is associated with neo-determinism.
B) Karl Ritter → He was an important geographer but not linked with this quote.
D) Amartya Sen → He is associated with human development and capability approach.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Taylor is linked with neo-determinism.
Option B → Incorrect because Ritter is not linked with this quote.
Option C → Correct because Cressey gave this statement.
Option D → Incorrect because Sen is linked with development theory.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Patterns of Population Distribution.

17 Which of the following country in the world has the highest sex ratio? (PYQ 2023)

A Slovakia

B Slovenia

C Serbia

D Latvia

💡 Short Explanation

Sex ratio refers to number of females per 1000 males. Latvia has a very high female population ratio. It is a commonly cited NCERT example. European countries often have higher female life expectancy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Latvia is known for having one of the highest sex ratios in the world. → It has more females per 1000 males. → This is mainly due to higher female life expectancy and demographic conditions in Europe. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Slovakia → It has a high sex ratio but not the highest among the given options.
B) Slovenia → It also has a favourable sex ratio but not the highest.
C) Serbia → It has more females than males but is not the correct textbook answer.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Slovakia is not the highest.
Option B → Incorrect because Slovenia is not the highest.
Option C → Incorrect because Serbia is not the highest.
Option D → Correct because Latvia is cited for highest sex ratio.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: Population Composition, Section/Theme: Sex Ratio.

18 The first complete census was conducted in India in which year? (PYQ 2023)

A 1861

B 1871

C 1881

D 1891

💡 Short Explanation

Census is conducted every 10 years in India. The first complete census was held in 1881. Earlier census attempts were not complete. 1881 began the regular decennial census tradition.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The first complete census of India was conducted in 1881. → Earlier attempts were made, but 1881 was the first complete and systematic census covering the country. → Since then, India followed the tradition of regular decennial census. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 1861 → No complete national census was conducted in this year.
B) 1871 → It is close to early census attempts but not the first complete census.
D) 1891 → It was conducted after the first complete census.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it was not the census year.
Option B → Incorrect because it was not the first complete census.
Option C → Correct because 1881 was the first complete census.
Option D → Incorrect because it came later.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Census of India.

19 According to Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India, 1903-1928, how many languages were there in India? (PYQ 2023)

A 544

B 22

C 179

D 267

💡 Short Explanation

Grierson conducted the Linguistic Survey of India. The survey recorded 179 languages. It also recorded 544 dialects. Do not confuse languages with dialects.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India, there were 179 languages in India. → The figure 544 refers to dialects, not languages. → Therefore, the correct number of languages is 179. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 544 → This refers to dialects, not languages.
B) 22 → This refers to the number of scheduled languages in the Indian Constitution.
D) 267 → This is not the correct figure from Grierson's survey.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because 544 means dialects.
Option B → Incorrect because 22 means scheduled languages.
Option C → Correct because Grierson recorded 179 languages.
Option D → Incorrect because it is unrelated.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Linguistic Composition.

20 Which phase is referred to as the period of population explosion in India? (PYQ 2023)

A Phase I, 1901-1921

B Phase II, 1921-1951

C Phase III, 1951-1981

D Phase IV, Post 1981 till present

💡 Short Explanation

Phase III is called the population explosion period. Birth rate remained high during this phase. Death rate declined due to better health facilities. This caused rapid population growth.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The period 1951-1981 is known as the phase of population explosion in India. → After independence, death rates declined due to improved medical facilities. → However, birth rates remained high, causing rapid population growth. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Phase I, 1901-1921 → This was the period of stagnant population growth.
B) Phase II, 1921-1951 → This was the period of steady growth.
D) Phase IV, Post 1981 till present → This phase shows high growth with signs of slowing down.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Phase I is stagnant growth.
Option B → Incorrect because Phase II is steady growth.
Option C → Correct because Phase III is population explosion.
Option D → Incorrect because growth started slowing after 1981.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Phases of Population Growth.

21 Which of the following Indian state has the highest density of population? (PYQ 2023)

A Bihar

B Kerala

C Uttar Pradesh

D West Bengal

💡 Short Explanation

Population density means persons per square kilometre. Bihar has the highest population density among Indian states. Uttar Pradesh has the largest population, but not the highest density. West Bengal is also dense but below Bihar.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → As per Census 2011, Bihar has the highest density of population among Indian states. → Bihar has a large population in comparison to its land area. → This makes the number of persons per square kilometre very high. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Kerala → Kerala has high density but lower than Bihar.
C) Uttar Pradesh → Uttar Pradesh has the largest population, but its density is lower than Bihar.
D) West Bengal → West Bengal is highly dense but comes after Bihar.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because Bihar has the highest density.
Option B → Incorrect because Kerala is not the highest.
Option C → Incorrect because highest population does not mean highest density.
Option D → Incorrect because West Bengal is below Bihar.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Population Density.

22 Which one of the following has the lowest proportion of speakers in the linguistic families of India? (PYQ 2023)

A Dravidian

B Austric

C Indo-European

D Sino-Tibetan

💡 Short Explanation

India has four major linguistic families. Indo-European has the highest proportion of speakers. Dravidian is also a major language family. Sino-Tibetan has the lowest proportion among the given options.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Sino-Tibetan languages are spoken by a comparatively small proportion of India's population. → These languages are mainly found in the Himalayan and North-Eastern regions. → Among the given linguistic families, Sino-Tibetan has the lowest proportion of speakers. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Dravidian → Dravidian languages are widely spoken in South India and have a larger proportion of speakers.
B) Austric → Austric has a small proportion, but it is higher than Sino-Tibetan.
C) Indo-European → Indo-European is the largest linguistic family in India.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Dravidian has a higher share.
Option B → Incorrect because Austric is not the lowest.
Option C → Incorrect because Indo-European is the largest.
Option D → Correct because Sino-Tibetan has the lowest share.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Linguistic Composition of India.

23 Arrange the following continents in descending order of population density. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) North America
(B) Africa
(C) Oceania
(D) Asia

A D, B, A, C

B D, C, B, A

C D, A, B, C

D D, A, C, B

💡 Short Explanation

Asia has the highest population density among the given continents. Africa comes next due to growing population concentration. North America has lower density than Africa. Oceania has the lowest density among the given options.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Descending order means arranging from highest to lowest density. → Asia has the highest density among the listed continents. → Africa comes after Asia, followed by North America. → Oceania has the lowest population density among the given continents. → Therefore, the correct order is Asia → Africa → North America → Oceania. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) D, C, B, A → Incorrect because Oceania is wrongly placed before Africa and North America.
C) D, A, B, C → Incorrect because North America is wrongly placed before Africa.
D) D, A, C, B → Incorrect because Oceania is wrongly placed before Africa.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement D → Asia has the highest density.
Statement B → Africa comes next.
Statement A → North America comes after Africa.
Statement C → Oceania has the lowest density.
Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Density.

24 Arrange the below mentioned technology phases with population growth periods in correct order from birth of Christ to present. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) Biotechnology
(B) Age of European exploration and colonization
(C) Information and computers
(D) Transportation development

A B, D, A, C

B B, D, C, A

C B, C, D, A

D B, A, D, C

💡 Short Explanation

European exploration and colonization came earlier. Transportation development came later with modern transport systems. Information and computers belong to the late twentieth century. Biotechnology is the most recent phase.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The correct historical sequence begins with the Age of European exploration and colonization. → This was followed by transportation development, which increased mobility and exchange. → Later, information and computer technologies developed. → Biotechnology represents the most recent phase among the given options. → Therefore, the correct order is B, D, C, A. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) B, D, A, C → Incorrect because Biotechnology is wrongly placed before Information and computers.
C) B, C, D, A → Incorrect because Information and computers are placed before Transportation development.
D) B, A, D, C → Incorrect because Biotechnology is placed too early.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement B → Exploration and colonization came first.
Statement D → Transportation development came next.
Statement C → Information and computers came later.
Statement A → Biotechnology is the latest phase.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Technology and Population Growth.

📄 Passage

An important aspect of population growth in India is the growth of its adolescents. At present, the share of adolescents i.e., up to the age group of 10-19 years is about 20.9 per cent (2011), among which male adolescents constitute 52.7 per cent and female adolescents constitute 47.3 per cent. The adolescent population, though, regarded as the youthful population having high potentials, but at the same time they are quite vulnerable if not guided and channelised properly. There are many challenges for the society as far as these adolescents are concerned, some of which are lower age at marriage, illiteracy - particularly female illiteracy, school dropouts, low intake of nutrients, high rate of maternal mortality of adolescent mothers, high rate of HIV and AIDS infections, physical and mental disability or retardedness, drug abuse and alcoholism, juvenile delinquency and commitence of crimes, etc. In view of these, the Government of India has undertaken certain policies to impart proper education to the adolescent groups so that their talents are better channelised and properly utilised. The National Youth Policy is one example which has been designed to look into the overall development of our large youth and adolescent population. The National Youth Policy (NYP-2014) launched in February 2014 proposes a holistic 'vision' for the youth of India, which is "To empower the youth of the country to achieve their full potential, and through them enable India to find its rightful place in the community of nations". The NYP-2014 has defined 'youth' as persons in the age group of 15-29 years.

Question:
According to the National Youth Policy 2014, youth is considered as persons falling in the age group of (PYQ 2023)

A 10 - 15 years

B 10 - 29 years

C 12 - 15 years

D 15 - 29 years

💡 Short Explanation

The passage clearly states that NYP-2014 defines youth as 15-29 years. This age group is used for youth-related policy planning. The National Youth Policy focuses on the development of youth in India.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The National Youth Policy 2014 defines youth as persons in the age group of 15-29 years. → This definition helps in planning policies related to education, skill development and empowerment. → The passage directly mentions this age group. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 10 - 15 years → This is not the age group defined as youth under NYP-2014.
B) 10 - 29 years → This incorrectly combines the adolescent age start with the youth age end.
C) 12 - 15 years → This is not the policy definition of youth.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because NYP-2014 does not define youth as 10-15 years.
Option B → Incorrect because the lower age limit is 15, not 10.
Option C → Incorrect because this range is too narrow.
Option D → Correct because the passage states 15-29 years.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Adolescents and Youth Policy.

📄 Passage

Question:
National Youth Policy was launched in: (PYQ 2023)

A January 2014

B February 2014

C April 2014

D May 2014

💡 Short Explanation

The passage mentions that NYP-2014 was launched in February 2014. It was introduced for the overall development of youth. The policy gives a vision for empowering Indian youth.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The passage clearly states that the National Youth Policy 2014 was launched in February 2014. → It was designed to look into the overall development of India's youth and adolescent population. → Therefore, February 2014 is the correct launch month. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) January 2014 → The passage does not mention January as the launch month.
C) April 2014 → This is not the launch month given in the passage.
D) May 2014 → This is also not mentioned as the launch month.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because the policy was not launched in January.
Option B → Correct because the passage states February 2014.
Option C → Incorrect because April is not mentioned.
Option D → Incorrect because May is not mentioned.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Adolescents and Youth Policy.

📄 Passage

Question:
__________ is the difference between male and female adolescents, according to 2011 census? (PYQ 2023)

A 3.4%

B 4.4%

C 5.4%

D 6.4%

💡 Short Explanation

Male adolescents constitute 52.7%. Female adolescents constitute 47.3%. Difference = 52.7% - 47.3% = 5.4%.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The passage states that male adolescents constitute 52.7 per cent. → It also states that female adolescents constitute 47.3 per cent. → The difference between them is 52.7 - 47.3 = 5.4 per cent. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 3.4% → This is not the correct difference between 52.7% and 47.3%.
B) 4.4% → This is also an incorrect calculation.
D) 6.4% → This is higher than the actual difference.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because the calculation does not give 3.4%.
Option B → Incorrect because 52.7 - 47.3 is not 4.4%.
Option C → Correct because the difference is 5.4%.
Option D → Incorrect because 6.4% is not the correct difference.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Adolescents.

📄 Passage

Question:
The main objective of Nation Youth Policy is (PYQ 2023)

A Overall development of all male youths and adolescents

B Overall development of all female youths and adolescents

C Overall development of all school and college going children

D Overall development of all youths and adolescents

💡 Short Explanation

The policy follows an inclusive approach. It is designed for youth and adolescent population. It aims at overall development and empowerment. It is not limited to one gender or only school/college students.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The passage states that the National Youth Policy was designed to look into the overall development of India's large youth and adolescent population. → It aims to empower youth to achieve their full potential. → The policy is inclusive and covers all youths and adolescents. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Overall development of all male youths and adolescents → This is too narrow because the policy is not limited to males.
B) Overall development of all female youths and adolescents → This is also too narrow because the policy is not limited to females.
C) Overall development of all school and college going children → This is too limited because the policy covers youth beyond only school and college students.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because the policy is not male-only.
Option B → Incorrect because the policy is not female-only.
Option C → Incorrect because the policy is not limited to students.
Option D → Correct because it covers all youths and adolescents.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Adolescents and National Youth Policy.

📄 Passage

Question:
Adolescents are __________ age group of persons. (PYQ 2023)

A 10-13 years

B 10-15 years

C 10-19 years

D 10-25 years

💡 Short Explanation

The passage defines adolescents as the 10-19 years age group. Adolescence is the transition stage between childhood and adulthood. This group forms an important part of India's youthful population.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The passage clearly states that adolescents are persons in the age group of 10-19 years. → This age group is considered youthful and full of potential. → However, the passage also says adolescents are vulnerable if not properly guided. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 10-13 years → This is too narrow and does not cover the full adolescent age group.
B) 10-15 years → This also does not include the full range mentioned in the passage.
D) 10-25 years → This goes beyond the adolescent age group given in the passage.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because adolescence is not limited to 10-13 years.
Option B → Incorrect because the passage mentions 10-19 years.
Option C → Correct because adolescents are defined as 10-19 years.
Option D → Incorrect because 10-25 years is too broad.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Adolescents.

30 ________ continent has highest density of population. (PYQ 2023)

A Europe

B Africa

C Asia

D South America

💡 Short Explanation

Asia is the most populous continent. It contains highly populated countries like India and China. It has dense population clusters in river valleys and coastal plains.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Asia has the highest density of population among the given continents. → It contains a very large share of the world's population. → Fertile river valleys, long settlement history and favourable agricultural regions support dense population. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Europe → Europe is densely populated, but Asia has a higher overall density in this context.
B) Africa → Africa has many sparsely populated deserts and forest areas.
D) South America → South America has dense urban clusters but lower overall density than Asia.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Europe is not the highest here.
Option B → Incorrect because Africa has lower overall density.
Option C → Correct because Asia has the highest density.
Option D → Incorrect because South America is not the highest.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Density.

31 Identify scholar, who voiced his concern about the growing scarcity of resources as compared to the human population. (PYQ 2023)

A Griffith Taylor

B Robert Malthus

C Ratzel

D Karl Marx

💡 Short Explanation

Malthus discussed the relationship between population and resources. He argued that population grows faster than food supply. He warned about scarcity, poverty and misery due to overpopulation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Robert Malthus voiced concern about the growing scarcity of resources compared to human population. → He argued that population grows geometrically, while food supply grows arithmetically. → This imbalance could lead to poverty, famine and misery. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Griffith Taylor → He is associated with neo-determinism.
C) Ratzel → He is associated with environmental determinism and modern human geography.
D) Karl Marx → He criticised Malthus and explained poverty through unequal distribution of resources.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Taylor is linked with neo-determinism.
Option B → Correct because Malthus gave the population-resource concern.
Option C → Incorrect because Ratzel is not the correct scholar here.
Option D → Incorrect because Marx had a different explanation of poverty and population.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Growth and Resources.

32 Arrange the following states in ascending order in terms of their literacy rate according to Census 2011. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) Gujarat
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Bihar
(D) Punjab

A A, D, B, C

B A, D, C, B

C C, B, D, A

D C, B, A, D

💡 Short Explanation

Ascending order means from lowest to highest. Bihar has the lowest literacy rate among the given states. Uttar Pradesh comes next. Gujarat has the highest among the listed states.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Census 2011, Bihar has the lowest literacy rate among the given states. → Uttar Pradesh comes after Bihar. → Punjab has a higher literacy rate than Uttar Pradesh. → Gujarat has the highest literacy rate among the four listed states. → Therefore, the ascending order is Bihar → Uttar Pradesh → Punjab → Gujarat. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) A, D, B, C → Incorrect because Gujarat is placed first even though it has the highest literacy among the given states.
B) A, D, C, B → Incorrect because Gujarat cannot come first in ascending order.
D) C, B, A, D → Incorrect because Punjab should come before Gujarat in the given order.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement C → Bihar is lowest.
Statement B → Uttar Pradesh comes next.
Statement D → Punjab follows.
Statement A → Gujarat is highest among the four.
Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Literacy.

33 The first complete population census in India was conducted in which of the following years? (PYQ 2023)

A 1881

B 1872

C 1891

D 1951

💡 Short Explanation

1872 was the first attempted or partial census. 1881 was the first complete and synchronous census. Census has been held every 10 years since then.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The first complete population census in India was conducted in 1881. → Though an earlier census attempt was made in 1872, it was not complete or synchronous. → The year 1881 marked the beginning of the regular complete census tradition in India. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) 1872 → This was an early census attempt, but it was not the first complete census.
C) 1891 → This was conducted after the first complete census.
D) 1951 → This was the first census after Independence, not the first complete census.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because 1881 was the first complete census.
Option B → Incorrect because 1872 was partial/incomplete.
Option C → Incorrect because 1891 came later.
Option D → Incorrect because 1951 was much later.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Census of India.

34 As per the Census of India 2011, the level of urbanisation in India is (PYQ 2023)

A 21.16 percent

B 41.16 percent

C 33.76 percent

D 31.16 percent

💡 Short Explanation

Urbanisation means the share of population living in urban areas. Census 2011 recorded India's urbanisation level as 31.16%. This means nearly one-third of India's population lived in urban areas.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Census of India 2011, the level of urbanisation in India was 31.16 percent. → This shows that around one-third of the population lived in urban areas. → The remaining population continued to live in rural areas. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 21.16 percent → This is lower than the Census 2011 urbanisation figure.
B) 41.16 percent → This is higher than the Census 2011 figure.
C) 33.76 percent → This is not the correct Census 2011 value.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because 21.16% is too low.
Option B → Incorrect because 41.16% is too high.
Option C → Incorrect because 33.76% is not the correct figure.
Option D → Correct because India's urbanisation level was 31.16%.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Urbanisation.

35 India accounts for about ________ percent of the World's surface area. (PYQ 2023)

A 4.00

B 2.45

C 3.76

D 17.16

💡 Short Explanation

India is the seventh largest country by area. It has a large population but limited land share. India accounts for about 2.45% of the world's surface area.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → India occupies an important position in world geography. → It supports a very large share of the world's population. → However, it accounts for only about 2.45% of the world's total surface area. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 4.00 → This is higher than India's actual share of world surface area.
C) 3.76 → This is not the correct figure.
D) 17.16 → This is closer to India's population share, not surface area share.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because India's land share is not 4%.
Option B → Correct because India accounts for about 2.45% of world surface area.
Option C → Incorrect because 3.76 is not the correct value.
Option D → Incorrect because it refers more closely to population share.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: India's Population and Area.

36 As per Census of India 2011, the population density was highest in (PYQ 2023)

A West Bengal

B Uttar Pradesh

C Goa

D Bihar

💡 Short Explanation

Density is measured as persons per square kilometre. Bihar had the highest population density among Indian states in Census 2011. Bihar recorded 1,106 persons per sq. km.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Census 2011, Bihar had the highest population density among Indian states. → Its density was 1,106 persons per sq. km. → Bihar's large population and comparatively smaller area made its density very high. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) West Bengal → West Bengal was highly dense, but below Bihar as per Census 2011.
B) Uttar Pradesh → Uttar Pradesh had the largest population, but not the highest density.
C) Goa → Goa is a small state but did not have the highest density.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because West Bengal ranked below Bihar.
Option B → Incorrect because total population and density are different.
Option C → Incorrect because Goa was not the highest.
Option D → Correct because Bihar had the highest density.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Population Density.

37 Which of the following is an economic factor influencing the distribution of population? (PYQ 2023)

A Landforms

B Climate

C Soil

D Urbanisation

💡 Short Explanation

Economic factors relate to jobs, markets and development. Urbanisation creates employment opportunities. Cities attract population through services, transport and industries.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Urbanisation is an economic factor influencing population distribution. → Urban areas provide employment, education, healthcare, transport and market facilities. → These opportunities attract people from rural areas to towns and cities. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Landforms → This is a physical or geographical factor.
B) Climate → This is a physical factor influencing population distribution.
C) Soil → This is also a physical factor, especially linked with agriculture.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because landforms are physical.
Option B → Incorrect because climate is physical.
Option C → Incorrect because soil is physical.
Option D → Correct because urbanisation is linked with economic opportunities.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Factors Influencing Population Distribution.

38 In __________ years World Population increased from 6 billion to 7 billion. (PYQ 2023)

A 07

B 30

C 15

D 12

💡 Short Explanation

World population reached 6 billion in 1999. It reached 7 billion in 2011. Difference = 2011 - 1999 = 12 years.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The world population reached 6 billion in 1999. → It reached 7 billion in 2011. → The time taken to increase from 6 billion to 7 billion was 12 years. → This shows the rapid pace of global population growth. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) 07 → This is too short for the increase from 6 billion to 7 billion.
B) 30 → This is too long for the given population milestone.
C) 15 → This is close but not the accepted textbook value.

🎯 Strategy

Used

6 billion reached in 1999.
7 billion reached in 2011.
2011 - 1999 = 12.
Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Growth of World Population.

📄 Passage

Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area. The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society. These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle. In the first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.

Question:
All stages of demographic transition represent ________. (PYQ 2023)

A demographic platforms

B demographic dividend

C population explosion

D demographic cycle

💡 Short Explanation

The passage says demographic transition occurs in stages. These stages are collectively called the demographic cycle. The demographic cycle explains population change over time.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The passage explains that population changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths. → These changes occur in different stages. → The passage clearly states that these stages are collectively known as the demographic cycle. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Demographic platforms → This is not the term used in the passage.
B) Demographic dividend → This refers to economic benefit from a favourable working-age population, not all stages of transition.
C) Population explosion → This is only a rapid-growth phase, not the collective term for all stages.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because the passage does not use this term.
Option B → Incorrect because demographic dividend is a different concept.
Option C → Incorrect because population explosion is only one phase.
Option D → Correct because all stages together are called the demographic cycle.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

📄 Passage

Question:
With reference to demographic transition theory which of the following is NOT correct? (PYQ 2023)

A It can describe and predict the future population of any area.

B Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage.

C The first stage has high fertility and high mortality.

D Life expectancy is very high in the first stage.

💡 Short Explanation

The question asks for the NOT correct statement. In the first stage, life expectancy is low. The passage clearly states that people have low technology, high mortality and low life expectancy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the first stage of demographic transition, fertility and mortality are both high. → The passage states that life expectancy is low in the first stage. → Therefore, the statement "Life expectancy is very high in the first stage" is incorrect. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) It can describe and predict the future population of any area → This is correct according to the passage, so it is not the answer for a NOT correct question.
B) Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage → This is correct according to the passage, so it is not the answer.
C) The first stage has high fertility and high mortality → This is correct according to the passage, so it is not the answer.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Not the answer because it is a correct statement.
Option B → Not the answer because it is a correct statement.
Option C → Not the answer because it is a correct statement.
Option D → Correct answer because life expectancy is low, not very high, in the first stage.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

📄 Passage

Question:
Which of the following is a characteristic of second stage of demographic transition? (PYQ 2023)

A Fertility declines with time.

B Fertility remains constant.

C Fertility remains low initially but increases later on.

D Population is either stable or grows slowly.

💡 Short Explanation

In the second stage, mortality declines due to better health and sanitation. Fertility remains high in the beginning. Later, fertility starts declining with time.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The passage clearly states that fertility remains high in the beginning of the second stage. → However, it also says that fertility declines with time. → This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate, leading to high net addition to population. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Fertility remains constant → Incorrect because the passage says fertility declines with time.
C) Fertility remains low initially but increases later on → Incorrect because fertility is high initially, not low.
D) Population is either stable or grows slowly → Incorrect because this is a characteristic of the last stage, not the second stage.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because the passage states fertility declines with time in Stage 2.
Option B → Incorrect because fertility does not remain constant.
Option C → Incorrect because fertility is not low initially.
Option D → Incorrect because stable or slow growth belongs to the last stage.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

📄 Passage

Question:
Which of the following statement is correct? (PYQ 2023)

A Human beings are extremely rigid and are unable to adjust their fertility.

B The population is not stable and grows very fast in last stage of demographic transition.

C People deliberately do not control the family size in the last stage of demographic transition.

D At present, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.

💡 Short Explanation

The passage says human beings are flexible. It also says people control family size in the last stage. Different countries are presently at different stages of demographic transition.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The passage clearly states that in the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition. → This means all countries do not pass through the same demographic stage at the same time. → Development, urbanisation, literacy and technology influence the demographic stage of a country. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Human beings are extremely rigid and are unable to adjust their fertility → Incorrect because the passage says humans are flexible and able to adjust fertility.
B) The population is not stable and grows very fast in last stage of demographic transition → Incorrect because the last stage has stable or slow population growth.
C) People deliberately do not control the family size in the last stage of demographic transition → Incorrect because the passage says people deliberately control family size.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because the passage says humans are flexible.
Option B → Incorrect because the last stage has stable or slow growth.
Option C → Incorrect because people control family size in the last stage.
Option D → Correct because countries are at different stages of demographic transition.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

📄 Passage

Question:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of last stage of demographic transition? (PYQ 2023)

A Low fertility

B Low mortality.

C High level of technology

D Low level of urbanisation

💡 Short Explanation

The question asks for the NOT characteristic. The last stage has low fertility and low mortality. It also has high urbanisation and high technology. Therefore, low urbanisation is not a feature of the last stage.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the last stage of demographic transition, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. → The passage says the population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical know-how. → Therefore, low level of urbanisation is not a characteristic of the last stage. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Low fertility → This is a characteristic of the last stage, so it is not the answer for a NOT characteristic question.
B) Low mortality → This is also a characteristic of the last stage.
C) High level of technology → This is clearly mentioned as a feature of the last stage.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct characteristic because fertility is low in the last stage.
Option B → Correct characteristic because mortality is low in the last stage.
Option C → Correct characteristic because technology level is high.
Option D → Incorrect characteristic because the last stage has high urbanisation.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

44 Demographic Transition Theory can be used to describe and predict: (PYQ 2023)

A People participation in different categories of economic activities

B Future population of an area

C Gender based classification of population of an area

D Working and depend and population of an area

💡 Short Explanation

Demographic transition theory explains population change over time. It studies the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. It helps predict future population of an area.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Demographic Transition Theory describes the stages of population change that a region experiences as it develops. → By identifying the stage of demographic transition, planners can predict future population growth, decline or stability. → Therefore, it is used to describe and predict the future population of an area. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) People participation in different categories of economic activities → This describes occupational structure.
C) Gender based classification of population of an area → This is related to sex ratio or age-sex composition.
D) Working and depend and population of an area → This is related to age structure or dependency ratio.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because it relates to occupational structure.
Option B → Correct because demographic transition predicts future population.
Option C → Incorrect because it relates to gender classification.
Option D → Incorrect because it relates to working and dependent population.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

45 Arrange the following states in the descending order of their population density as per Census of India, 2011. (PYQ 2023, PYQ 2024)
Statements:
(A) West Bengal
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Kerala
(D) Tamil Nadu

A (D), (A), (C), (B)

B (A), (C), (B), (D)

C (B), (A), (D), (C)

D (C), (B), (D), (A)

💡 Short Explanation

Descending order means highest to lowest. West Bengal has the highest density among the given states. Kerala comes next, followed by Uttar Pradesh. Tamil Nadu has the lowest density among the given states.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Census 2011, West Bengal had a density of 1028 persons per sq. km. → Kerala had 860 persons per sq. km. → Uttar Pradesh had 829 persons per sq. km. → Tamil Nadu had 555 persons per sq. km. → Therefore, the descending order is West Bengal → Kerala → Uttar Pradesh → Tamil Nadu. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (D), (A), (C), (B) → Incorrect because Tamil Nadu has the lowest density among the given states and cannot come first.
C) (B), (A), (D), (C) → Incorrect because Uttar Pradesh does not have the highest density among the options.
D) (C), (B), (D), (A) → Incorrect because Kerala is not the highest and West Bengal should not come last.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement A → West Bengal is highest among the given states.
Statement C → Kerala comes after West Bengal.
Statement B → Uttar Pradesh comes after Kerala.
Statement D → Tamil Nadu is lowest among the given states.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Population Density.

46 Arrange the following regions in ascending order according to growth rate of population (2010-15). (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) Oceania
(B) Europe
(C) Asia
(D) Africa

A (B), (C), (A), (D)

B (B), (A), (C), (D)

C (B), (D), (A), (C)

D (A), (B), (C), (D)

💡 Short Explanation

Ascending order means lowest to highest. Europe has the lowest population growth rate. Africa has the highest population growth rate. Correct order is Europe → Oceania → Asia → Africa.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → During 2010-15, Europe showed the lowest population growth rate. → Oceania had a moderate growth rate. → Asia had a higher growth rate than Oceania. → Africa had the highest population growth rate among the given regions. → Therefore, the ascending order is B, A, C, D. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (B), (C), (A), (D) → Incorrect because Asia is wrongly placed before Oceania.
C) (B), (D), (A), (C) → Incorrect because Africa should be last as it has the highest growth rate.
D) (A), (B), (C), (D) → Incorrect because Europe has lower growth than Oceania and should come first.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement B → Europe is lowest.
Statement A → Oceania comes next.
Statement C → Asia comes after Oceania.
Statement D → Africa is highest.
Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Growth Rate.

47 Read the following statements about demographic transition theory carefully. (PYQ 2023)
Statements:
(A) The first stage has high fertility and high mortality.
(B) Fertility remains high in beginning of second stage.
(C) In the last stage both fertility and mortality declined considerably.
(D) This theory cannot be used to describe and predict the future population of any area

A (A), (B), (C) only

B (A), (B), (D) only

C (A), (C), (D) only

D (B), (C), (D) only

💡 Short Explanation

Stage 1 has high fertility and high mortality. In Stage 2, fertility remains high in the beginning. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline. Statement D is wrong because the theory predicts future population.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Demographic Transition Theory explains population change through stages. → In the first stage, fertility and mortality are high. → In the beginning of the second stage, fertility remains high while mortality declines. → In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. → Statement D is incorrect because this theory can describe and predict future population. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) (A), (B), (D) only → Incorrect because Statement D is wrong and Statement C is correct.
C) (A), (C), (D) only → Incorrect because Statement D is wrong and Statement B is correct.
D) (B), (C), (D) only → Incorrect because Statement D is wrong and Statement A is correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement A → Correct.
Statement B → Correct.
Statement C → Correct.
Statement D → Incorrect.
Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

48 Match List-I with List-II. (PYQ 2023)

List-I (Concept)	List-II (Definition)
A. Density of population	I. The working population participation in various occupations
B. Sex Ratio	II. Numbers of people in different age groups
C. Age structure	III. Ratio between the number of women and men
D. Occupational Structure	IV. Ratio between the numbers of people to size of land

A (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

B (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)

C (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

D (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)

💡 Short Explanation

Density means people per unit area of land. Sex ratio means ratio between women and men. Age structure means population in different age groups. Occupational structure means participation in different occupations.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Density of population is the ratio between number of people and size of land. → Sex ratio is the ratio between the number of women and men. → Age structure shows the number of people in different age groups. → Occupational structure refers to working population participation in various occupations. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I). → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I) → Incorrect because Sex Ratio and Age Structure are mismatched.
C) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III) → Incorrect because all major concepts are wrongly matched.
D) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II) → Incorrect because Sex Ratio, Age Structure and Occupational Structure are mismatched.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Density → People ÷ land.
Sex Ratio → Women and men.
Age Structure → Age groups.
Occupational Structure → Occupations.
Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: Population Composition, Section/Theme: Population Concepts.

49 According to 2011, the highest population density is recorded in: (PYQ 2023)

A West Bengal

B Kerala

C Bihar

D Uttar Pradesh

💡 Short Explanation

Bihar recorded the highest density with 1,106 persons per sq. km. It surpassed West Bengal in Census 2011. Population density means persons per unit area.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Census 2011, Bihar recorded the highest population density among Indian states. → Its density was 1,106 persons per sq. km. → This was due to its large population and comparatively smaller land area. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) West Bengal → It was highly dense but ranked below Bihar in 2011.
B) Kerala → Kerala has high density but is lower than Bihar and West Bengal.
D) Uttar Pradesh → Uttar Pradesh has the highest total population, but its density is lower due to larger area.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because West Bengal was not the highest in 2011.
Option B → Incorrect because Kerala was not the highest.
Option C → Correct because Bihar had the highest density.
Option D → Incorrect because highest population does not mean highest density.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Population Density.

50 Both the birth rate and death rate were high in India during: (PYQ 2023)

A 1901-1921

B 1921-1951

C 1951-1981

D After 1981

💡 Short Explanation

1901-1921 is called the period of stagnant growth. Birth rate was high during this phase. Death rate was also high due to poor health conditions, famines and epidemics.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → During 1901-1921, India was in the first stage of demographic transition. → Both birth rate and death rate were high. → High birth rate was balanced by high death rate, leading to stagnant population growth. → The decade 1911-1921 even recorded negative growth. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) 1921-1951 → This was a period of steady growth because death rate started declining.
C) 1951-1981 → This was the period of population explosion because death rate fell rapidly while birth rate remained high.
D) After 1981 → This period shows growth with signs of slowing down as birth rate started declining.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because it represents stagnant growth with high birth and death rates.
Option B → Incorrect because death rate started declining.
Option C → Incorrect because it is the population explosion phase.
Option D → Incorrect because birth rate started declining after 1981.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Phases of Population Growth.

51 Arunachal Pradesh is dominated by the speakers of __________ family of Indian language. (PYQ 2023)

A Austric

B Dravidian

C Sino-Tibetan

D Indo-European

💡 Short Explanation

Arunachal Pradesh is located in North-East India. Sino-Tibetan languages are common in the Himalayan and North-Eastern regions. Many tribal languages of Arunachal Pradesh belong to this family.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Arunachal Pradesh is dominated by speakers of the Sino-Tibetan language family. → This language family is mainly found in the Himalayan and North-Eastern parts of India. → Many tribal groups in Arunachal Pradesh speak languages belonging to this family. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Austric → Spoken mainly by some tribal groups in central and eastern India and Meghalaya, but not dominant in Arunachal Pradesh.
B) Dravidian → Spoken mainly in South India.
D) Indo-European → Widely spoken in north, west and east India, but not dominant in Arunachal Pradesh.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Austric is not dominant in Arunachal Pradesh.
Option B → Incorrect because Dravidian is linked with South India.
Option C → Correct because Arunachal Pradesh is dominated by Sino-Tibetan speakers.
Option D → Incorrect because Indo-European is not the dominant family here.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Linguistic Composition.

52 Which of the following country's population does not have triangular shaped age-sex pyramid? (PYQ 2023)

A Australia

B Bangladesh

C Nigeria

D Mexico

💡 Short Explanation

Triangular pyramids show expanding populations. They are common in countries with high birth rates. Australia is a developed country with a bell-shaped pyramid.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → A triangular age-sex pyramid represents an expanding population with a broad base. → Bangladesh, Nigeria and Mexico generally have expanding population pyramids. → Australia is a developed country with low birth and death rates. → Its age-sex pyramid is more bell-shaped or stable, not triangular. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) Bangladesh → It generally has an expanding or triangular population pyramid.
C) Nigeria → It has a triangular pyramid due to high birth rate.
D) Mexico → It is also associated with an expanding population pyramid.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Correct because Australia does not have a triangular pyramid.
Option B → Incorrect because Bangladesh has an expanding pyramid.
Option C → Incorrect because Nigeria has a triangular pyramid.
Option D → Incorrect because Mexico also shows an expanding pyramid.

Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: Population Composition, Section/Theme: Age-Sex Pyramid.

53 Arrange the following states in descending order as per their total population in 2011. (PYQ 2023, PYQ 2024)
Statements:

A (A), (B), (C), (D)

B (D), (C), (B), (A)

C (C), (A), (B), (D)

D (B), (D), (C), (A)

💡 Short Explanation

Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state. Maharashtra ranks second. Bihar ranks third. West Bengal ranks fourth among the given states.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Census 2011, Uttar Pradesh had the highest total population. → Maharashtra came next, followed by Bihar. → West Bengal had a lower population than these three states. → Therefore, the descending order is Uttar Pradesh → Maharashtra → Bihar → West Bengal. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A), (B), (C), (D) → Incorrect because Maharashtra is placed first instead of Uttar Pradesh.
B) (D), (C), (B), (A) → Incorrect because West Bengal is placed first.
D) (B), (D), (C), (A) → Incorrect because Bihar is placed first and Uttar Pradesh is misplaced.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement C → Uttar Pradesh is highest.
Statement A → Maharashtra comes second.
Statement B → Bihar comes third.
Statement D → West Bengal comes fourth.
Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Population Distribution.

54 Match List-I with List-II. (PYQ 2023)

List-I (State)	List-II (Total Literacy Rate 2011)
A. Bihar	I. 69.72
B. Kerala	II. 87.40
C. Goa	III. 93.91
D. Uttar Pradesh	IV. 63.82

A (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

B (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

C (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

D (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)

💡 Short Explanation

Bihar has the lowest literacy rate among the given states. Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India. Goa has high literacy. Uttar Pradesh has lower literacy than Goa and Kerala.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Bihar has a literacy rate of 63.82%, so it matches with (IV). → Kerala has a literacy rate of 93.91%, so it matches with (III). → Goa has a literacy rate of 87.40%, so it matches with (II). → Uttar Pradesh has a literacy rate of 69.72%, so it matches with (I). → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I). → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) → Incorrect because Bihar, Kerala, Goa and Uttar Pradesh are mismatched.
B) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) → Incorrect because all major literacy rates are wrongly matched.
D) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV) → Incorrect because Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are mismatched.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Bihar → 63.82%.
Kerala → 93.91%.
Goa → 87.40%.
Uttar Pradesh → 69.72%.
Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Literacy.

55 Who, among the following, remarked that, "Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are very many"? (PYQ 2024)

A Ralph Waldo Emerson

B George B. Cressey

C Thomas Malthus

D P.J. Taylor

💡 Short Explanation

The quote describes uneven population distribution in Asia. Some areas are densely populated. Many areas are sparsely populated. The statement was given by George B. Cressey.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → George B. Cressey made this statement to describe Asia's uneven population distribution. → It means that some places like river valleys and plains are highly crowded. → Large areas such as deserts, mountains and cold regions have very few people. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Ralph Waldo Emerson → He was an American essayist and philosopher, not linked with this geography quote.
C) Thomas Malthus → He is known for population theory related to food supply and population growth.
D) P.J. Taylor → He is associated with political geography and world-systems approach, not this quote.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Emerson is not associated with this population quote.
Option B → Correct because Cressey gave this statement.
Option C → Incorrect because Malthus is linked with population-resource theory.
Option D → Incorrect because Taylor is not linked with this quote.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Distribution.

56 What is the main cause of ageing of population? (PYQ 2024)

A Increased birth rate

B Sedentary lifestyle

C Increased life expectancy

D Migration

💡 Short Explanation

Ageing population means the share of elderly people increases. It happens when people live longer. Increased life expectancy raises the proportion of old-age population.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Population ageing occurs when the median age of a population increases. → Increased life expectancy means more people survive to old age. → This increases the proportion of elderly people in the population. → Therefore, increased life expectancy is the main cause of ageing of population. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Increased birth rate → This creates a younger population, not an ageing population.
B) Sedentary lifestyle → This is a lifestyle/health factor, not the main demographic cause.
D) Migration → Migration may affect local age structure, but it is not the main cause of population ageing.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because more births increase the young population.
Option B → Incorrect because sedentary lifestyle is not the main demographic cause.
Option C → Correct because longer life increases elderly population.
Option D → Incorrect because migration is not the main cause here.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: Population Composition, Section/Theme: Ageing Population.

57 Which of the following continent has the highest density of population? (PYQ 2024)

A Africa

B Asia

C Europe

D North America

💡 Short Explanation

Asia is the most populous continent. It contains highly populated countries like India and China. It has dense settlement in river valleys and coastal plains.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Asia has the highest population density among the given continents. → It contains a very large share of the world's population. → Fertile river valleys, monsoon agriculture, industrial centres and long settlement history support high density. → Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Africa → Africa has high growth rate, but many deserts and forests reduce overall density.
C) Europe → Europe is dense, but its overall density is lower than Asia's in this context.
D) North America → North America has vast sparsely populated areas, especially in northern regions.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Africa is not the highest in density.
Option B → Correct because Asia has the highest density.
Option C → Incorrect because Europe is lower than Asia.
Option D → Incorrect because North America has low-density areas.

Final Answer → Option B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Density.

58 Who among the following stated that the number of people would increase faster than the food supply? (PYQ 2024)

A Taylor

B Blache

C Malthus

D Cressy

💡 Short Explanation

Thomas Malthus gave the population theory. He argued population grows faster than food supply. Population grows geometrically, while food supply grows arithmetically.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Thomas Malthus stated that the number of people would increase faster than food supply. → According to him, population increases geometrically. → Food supply increases arithmetically. → This imbalance could lead to famine, poverty and misery. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Taylor → Griffith Taylor is associated with neo-determinism.
B) Blache → Vidal de la Blache is associated with possibilism.
D) Cressy → George B. Cressey is associated with observations on Asian population distribution.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Taylor is linked with neo-determinism.
Option B → Incorrect because Blache is linked with possibilism.
Option C → Correct because Malthus gave the population-food supply theory.
Option D → Incorrect because Cressy is linked with Asia population distribution.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Population Growth and Resources.

59 Arrange the following as per the stages of demographic transition model. (PYQ 2024)
Statements:

A (A), (B), (C), (D)

B (A), (C), (B), (D)

C (D), (B), (C), (A)

D (D), (C), (B), (A)

💡 Short Explanation

Stage I has high birth and high death rates. Stage II has high fertility but declining mortality. Stage III has declining fertility and gradually declining mortality. Stage IV has low birth and low death rates.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → In the first stage, population growth is slow due to high birth and high death rates. → In the second stage, fertility remains high but mortality declines at a faster pace. → In the third stage, fertility declines at a faster pace and mortality declines gradually. → In the fourth stage, population growth is slow due to low birth and low death rates. → Therefore, the correct order is A, B, C, D. → Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

B) (A), (C), (B), (D) → Incorrect because Stage II should come before Stage III.
C) (D), (B), (C), (A) → Incorrect because it starts with the modern low-growth stage.
D) (D), (C), (B), (A) → Incorrect because it reverses the demographic transition sequence.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Statement A → Stage I.
Statement B → Stage II.
Statement C → Stage III.
Statement D → Stage IV.
Final Answer → Option A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

60 Match List-I with List-II. (PYQ 2024)

List-I (Demographic Transition Stage)	List-II (Country/Tribe)
A. High Fluctuating Stage	I. Rainforest tribes
B. Early Expanding Stage	II. Angola
C. Low Fluctuating Stage	IV. Japan
D. Late Expanding Stage	III. India

A A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

B A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

C (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

D A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II

💡 Short Explanation

High fluctuating stage is linked with rainforest tribes. Early expanding stage is linked with Angola. Low fluctuating stage is linked with Japan. Late expanding stage is linked with India.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → High fluctuating stage has high birth and high death rates and is associated with traditional societies like rainforest tribes. → Early expanding stage has high fertility and declining mortality and is represented by Angola. → Low fluctuating stage has low birth and low death rates and is represented by Japan. → Late expanding stage has declining fertility and is represented by India. → Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III). → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV → Incorrect because Low Fluctuating and Late Expanding stages are mismatched.
B) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II → Incorrect because all major stage examples are mismatched.
D) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II → Incorrect because Early Expanding, Low Fluctuating and Late Expanding stages are mismatched.

🎯 Strategy

Used

High Fluctuating → Rainforest tribes.
Early Expanding → Angola.
Low Fluctuating → Japan.
Late Expanding → India.
Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter/Theme: The World Population, Section/Theme: Demographic Transition Theory.

61 Among the following, which was the least populated state in 2011? (PYQ 2024)

A Haryana

B Tripura

C Jharkhand

D Sikkim

💡 Short Explanation

Sikkim is the least populated state in India. According to Census 2011, its population was around 6.1 lakh. Mountainous terrain and limited habitable area are major reasons for its low population.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to the Census of India 2011, Sikkim was the least populous state in India. → Its population was approximately 6.11 lakh. → Due to its mountainous terrain, small geographical area and limited habitable land, its population is much lower than the other given states. → Hence, Option D is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Haryana → Haryana has a much larger population than Sikkim.
B) Tripura → Tripura is a small state, but its population is still higher than Sikkim.
C) Jharkhand → Jharkhand has a much larger population than Sikkim.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Haryana is more populous.
Option B → Incorrect because Tripura has higher population than Sikkim.
Option C → Incorrect because Jharkhand has a large population.
Option D → Correct because Sikkim is the least populated state.

Final Answer → Option D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Population Distribution.

62 Which of the following States registered the highest population growth rate during 2001-2011? (PYQ 2024)

A Karnataka

B Tamil Nadu

C Rajasthan

D Maharashtra

💡 Short Explanation

Rajasthan registered the highest growth rate among the given states. Its decadal growth rate during 2001-2011 was higher than Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Southern states generally showed lower population growth.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Among the given options, Rajasthan registered the highest population growth rate during 2001-2011. → Rajasthan's decadal growth rate was about 21.3%. → Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra had lower growth rates in comparison. → Therefore, Rajasthan is the correct answer. → Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

A) Karnataka → Karnataka had a lower growth rate than Rajasthan.
B) Tamil Nadu → Tamil Nadu had a lower population growth rate and belongs to the low-growth southern group.
D) Maharashtra → Maharashtra also had a lower growth rate than Rajasthan.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option A → Incorrect because Karnataka's growth rate was lower.
Option B → Incorrect because Tamil Nadu had comparatively low growth.
Option C → Correct because Rajasthan had the highest growth among the options.
Option D → Incorrect because Maharashtra's growth rate was lower than Rajasthan.

Final Answer → Option C.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class XII, India: People and Economy, Chapter/Theme: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Section/Theme: Population Growth.

63 Which one out of the following is least urbanized state of India?(PYQ 2024)

A Himachal Pradesh

B Goa

C Rajasthan

D Maharashtra

💡 Short Explanation

Urbanization measures the proportion of population living in urban areas. Mountainous states generally have lower urbanization levels. Himachal Pradesh has one of the lowest urban populations among the given options.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to Census 2011, Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized among the given states. Around 90% of its population lives in rural areas. Its mountainous terrain, dispersed settlements, and agriculture-horticulture-based economy limit the growth of large urban centers.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B: Goa is among the most urbanized states in India.
Option C: Rajasthan has a significantly higher urbanization rate than Himachal Pradesh.
Option D: Maharashtra is highly urbanized due to cities such as Mumbai, Pune, and Nagpur.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Odd One Out
Goa and Maharashtra are highly urbanized.
Rajasthan has major urban centers.
Himachal Pradesh remains predominantly rural.
Final Answer → A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Urbanization).

64 Which of the following age group belongs to the adolescents population?(PYQ 2024)

A 5–10 Years

B 10–19 Years

C 20–30 Years

D 30–45 Years

💡 Short Explanation

Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and adulthood. It involves rapid physical, mental, and social development. According to demographic classification, adolescents belong to the 10–19 years age group.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → According to the Census of India and the National Youth Policy, adolescents are individuals aged between 10 and 19 years. This stage is characterized by significant physical growth, emotional development, and increasing social responsibilities. It is considered a crucial stage for investments in health, nutrition, and education.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A: Represents childhood.
Option C: Represents youth/working-age population.
Option D: Represents adult population.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching
Standard demographic definition.
Final Answer → B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Adolescent Population).

65 Match List-I with List-II(PYQ 2024)

LIST-I	LIST-II
A. Indo-European (Aryan)	I. Iranian
B. Sino-Tibetan (Kirata)	III. North Assam
C. Austric (Nishada)	II. Munda
D. Dravidian (Dravida)	IV. North Dravidian

A (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

B (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)

C (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

D (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

💡 Short Explanation

India has four major language families. Indo-European is the largest language family. Sino-Tibetan dominates many North-Eastern regions.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Indo-European includes the Iranian branch. Sino-Tibetan includes North Assam languages. Austric includes the Munda branch. Dravidian includes the North Dravidian group. Hence the correct matching is A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options A, C, and D: Incorrectly match language families with unrelated branches.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching
Indo-European → Iranian.
Austric → Munda.
Final Answer → B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Linguistic Composition).

📄 Passage

An uneven spatial distribution of the population in India suggests a close relationship between the population and physical, socio-economic and historical factors. As far as the physical factors are concerned, it is clear that climate along with the terrain and the availability of water largely determine the pattern of the population distribution. Consequently, we observe that the North Indian Plains, deltas and Coastal Plains have a higher proportion of the population than the interior districts of the southern and central Indian States, the Himalayas, and some of the north-eastern and western states. However, development of irrigation (Rajasthan), availability of mineral and energy resources (Jharkhand) and development of transport network (Peninsular States) have resulted in a moderate to high concentration of population in areas which were previously very thinly populated.

Among the socio-economic and historical factors of the distribution of population, important ones are the evolution of settled agriculture and agricultural development; the pattern of human settlement; development of transport networks, industrialisation and urbanisation. It is observed that the regions falling in the river plains and coastal areas of India have remained the regions of larger population concentration. Even though the use of natural resources like land and water in these regions has shown the sign of degradation, the concentration of the population remains high because of the early history of human settlement and the development of transport networks. On the other hand, the urban regions of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai and Jaipur have high concentration of population due to industrial development and urbanisation, drawing large numbers of rural-urban migrants.
Question:
An uneven spatial distribution of the population in India does not suggest a close relationship between the population and which one of the following?(PYQ 2024)

A Physical factors

B Literacy Rate

C Socio-economic factors

D Historical factors

💡 Short Explanation

Population distribution depends mainly on physical, socio-economic, and historical factors. Literacy is an outcome rather than a primary cause of population distribution. Settlement patterns develop due to environmental and economic conditions.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Population distribution in India is influenced by physical factors (terrain, climate, water), socio-economic factors (employment, agriculture, industry), and historical factors (long-term settlement patterns). Literacy rate is a demographic indicator and does not directly determine where populations are distributed geographically.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A: Major determinant of population distribution.
Option C: Strongly influences settlement concentration.
Option D: Shapes long-term settlement patterns.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Odd One Out
Physical, socio-economic, and historical factors are direct causes.
Literacy is not.
Final Answer → B.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Distribution of Population).

📄 Passage

Among the socio-economic and historical factors of the distribution of population, important ones are the evolution of settled agriculture and agricultural development; the pattern of human settlement; development of transport networks, industrialisation and urbanisation. It is observed that the regions falling in the river plains and coastal areas of India have remained the regions of larger population concentration. Even though the use of natural resources like land and water in these regions has shown the sign of degradation, the concentration of the population remains high because of the early history of human settlement and the development of transport networks. On the other hand, the urban regions of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai and Jaipur have high concentration of population due to industrial development and urbanisation, drawing large numbers of rural-urban migrants.
Question:
Development of irrigation has resulted in moderate to high concentration of population in which of the following state?(PYQ 2024)

A Rajasthan

B Jharkhand

C Himachal Pradesh

D Sikkim

💡 Short Explanation

Irrigation transformed parts of Rajasthan. Water availability increased agricultural productivity. Population concentration subsequently increased.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The development of irrigation facilities, especially through projects such as the Indira Gandhi Canal, transformed many parts of Rajasthan from sparsely populated desert regions into productive agricultural zones, resulting in moderate to high population concentration.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B: Population concentration linked more to minerals and industry.
Option C: Mountainous terrain limits concentration.
Option D: Mountainous terrain limits concentration.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching
Irrigation success story = Rajasthan.
Final Answer → A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Distribution of Population).

📄 Passage

Among the socio-economic and historical factors of the distribution of population, important ones are the evolution of settled agriculture and agricultural development; the pattern of human settlement; development of transport networks, industrialisation and urbanisation. It is observed that the regions falling in the river plains and coastal areas of India have remained the regions of larger population concentration. Even though the use of natural resources like land and water in these regions has shown the sign of degradation, the concentration of the population remains high because of the early history of human settlement and the development of transport networks. On the other hand, the urban regions of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai and Jaipur have high concentration of population due to industrial development and urbanisation, drawing large numbers of rural-urban migrants.
Question:
Which of the following is NOT a socio-economic or historical factor of the distribution of the population?(PYQ 2024)

A Evolution of settled agriculture

B Industrialisation and urbanisation

C Development of transport network

D Availability of water

💡 Short Explanation

Water is a physical factor. The other options are human-created factors. Population distribution depends on both physical and human influences.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Availability of water is a natural or physical factor influencing population distribution. The evolution of agriculture, industrialization, urbanization, and transport development are socio-economic and historical factors created through human activity.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A: Historical factor.
Option B: Socio-economic factor.
Option C: Socio-economic factor.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching
Nature vs Human Activity.
Water belongs to nature.
Final Answer → D.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Factors Influencing Distribution).

📄 Passage

Among the socio-economic and historical factors of the distribution of population, important ones are the evolution of settled agriculture and agricultural development; the pattern of human settlement; development of transport networks, industrialisation and urbanisation. It is observed that the regions falling in the river plains and coastal areas of India have remained the regions of larger population concentration. Even though the use of natural resources like land and water in these regions has shown the sign of degradation, the concentration of the population remains high because of the early history of human settlement and the development of transport networks. On the other hand, the urban regions of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai and Jaipur have high concentration of population due to industrial development and urbanisation, drawing large numbers of rural-urban migrants.
Question:
Urban regions of India have a high concentration of the population due to(PYQ 2024)

A Industrial development and urbanisation

B Agricultural development

C Pattern of human settlement

D Availability of mineral and energy resources

💡 Short Explanation

Industries create employment. Urban areas provide better facilities. Migration increases population concentration.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → Urban regions attract large populations because of industrial development, employment opportunities, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and urban amenities. These factors drive urbanization and population concentration.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B: More relevant to rural population concentration.
Option C: Describes settlement patterns rather than causes.
Option D: Relevant only to specific mining regions.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching
Cities grow because of jobs.
Jobs come from industry and urbanization.
Final Answer → A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Socio-economic Factors).

📄 Passage

Among the socio-economic and historical factors of the distribution of population, important ones are the evolution of settled agriculture and agricultural development; the pattern of human settlement; development of transport networks, industrialisation and urbanisation. It is observed that the regions falling in the river plains and coastal areas of India have remained the regions of larger population concentration. Even though the use of natural resources like land and water in these regions has shown the sign of degradation, the concentration of the population remains high because of the early history of human settlement and the development of transport networks. On the other hand, the urban regions of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai and Jaipur have high concentration of population due to industrial development and urbanisation, drawing large numbers of rural-urban migrants.
Question:
Which factor has resulted in a moderate to high concentration of population in areas of the Peninsular States which were previously very thinly populated?(PYQ 2024)

A Availability of mineral and energy resources

B Development of irrigation facilities

C Development of transport network

D Socio-economic and historical factors

💡 Short Explanation

Mineral-rich regions attract industries. Industries attract workers. Population concentration increases around mining belts.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

(Detailed) → The availability of minerals and energy resources in Peninsular India led to the development of mining and industrial centres such as Jamshedpur, Bhilai, and Rourkela. These activities transformed previously sparsely populated regions into areas of moderate to high population concentration.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B: More relevant to Rajasthan and agricultural regions.
Option C: Supports growth but is not the primary cause.
Option D: Does not specifically explain previously thinly populated mineral belts.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching
Peninsular Plateau = Mineral Belt.
Minerals create industries and settlements.
Final Answer → A.

🧠 Memory Trick

📚 → Class 12, India: People and Economy, Chapter 1: Population (Section: Distribution of Population).

CUET UG Categorised PYQ Geography Unit 9

Test Complete!

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