CUET UG Economics Booster Test 2 - Introduction & Background
📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.
QUESTION 1 OF 20
Assertion (A): Developing countries share a relatively limited economic space in world markets.
Reason (R): Geographical boundaries are slowly becoming meaningless due to the process of globalisation.
QUESTION 2 OF 20
Identify the correct statements regarding the actions and impacts on developing nations under globalisation.
1. They form regional groupings to strengthen domestic economies.
2. They face competition from developed nations.
3. They face competition amongst themselves.
QUESTION 3 OF 20
Based on the demographic data, if India's population is represented as X, which mathematical equation best approximates Pakistan's population (P)?
QUESTION 4 OF 20
Match the annual GDP growth rates (1980–1990) to the correct country
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. — China's GDP Growth | a. — 10.3% |
| 2. — Pakistan's First Five Year Plan | b. — 5.7% |
| 3. — Pakistan's GDP Growth | c. — 6.3% |
| 4. — India's GDP Growth | d. — 1956 |
QUESTION 5 OF 20
Arrange the following milestones of policy planning and economic reforms in chronological sequence.
1. Announcement of India's First Five Year Plan
2. Initiation of Economic Reforms in India
3. Initiation of Economic Reforms in Pakistan
4. Initiation of Economic Reforms in China
QUESTION 6 OF 20
Assertion (A): The Great Leap Forward campaign was initiated in 1991 in China.
Reason (R): It aimed to instantly privatise all agricultural land to foreign investors.
QUESTION 7 OF 20
What major policy shift occurred in Pakistan's development strategy in the late 1970s and 1980s?
QUESTION 8 OF 20
Pakistan's economic growth in the 1980s was stimulated by financial support from western nations and ______________.
QUESTION 9 OF 20
QUESTION 10 OF 20
QUESTION 11 OF 20
Which statements represent the core analytical reasons to learn from the developmental processes of neighbours?
1. Comprehending strengths and weaknesses.
2. Completely abandoning domestic currencies.
3. Understanding the roots of successes and failures.
QUESTION 12 OF 20
Based on the chapter data, if India's GDP (PPP) is approximately $15 trillion and China's is $35 trillion, India's GDP is roughly what percentage of China's?
QUESTION 13 OF 20
Assertion (A): India is described as the largest democracy of the world.
Reason (R): It has been wedded to a secular and deeply liberal Constitution for more than half a century.
QUESTION 14 OF 20
Match the economic features of China's reform phase with their accurate descriptions.
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. — Commune System | a. — Initiated in 1958 |
| 2. — Great Leap Forward | b. — People collectively cultivated lands |
| 3. — Economic Reforms | c. — Fixing the prices in two ways (government vs market) |
| 4. — Dual Pricing | d. — Initiated in 1978 |
QUESTION 15 OF 20
Which of the following factors do scholars cite as a primary reason for the declining growth rate in Pakistan?
QUESTION 16 OF 20
Pakistan follows a mixed economy model, which signifies the co-existence of ______________.
QUESTION 17 OF 20
In the normal classical course of development, countries shift their employment and output through sectors in which logical sequence?
1. Services
2. Industry
3. Agriculture
QUESTION 18 OF 20
According to the human development indicators (Table 8.5), which country has successfully maintained the lowest Maternal Mortality Rate?
QUESTION 19 OF 20
Assertion (A): China's population density is the lowest among India, China, and Pakistan.
Reason (R): China geographically occupies the largest area among the three nations.
QUESTION 20 OF 20
According to the 2022 sectoral data, what is the approximate percentage contribution of the service sector to India's Gross Value Added (GVA)?
Test Complete!
Answer Review
1 Assertion (A): Developing countries share a relatively limited economic space in world markets.
Reason (R): Geographical boundaries are slowly becoming meaningless due to the process of globalisation.
Globalisation has increased economic integration among nations. Geographical barriers are becoming less significant due to advances in trade, technology, and communication. Developing countries participate in global markets but still occupy a relatively limited economic space compared to developed nations.
Globalisation refers to the increasing integration of economies across the world through trade, investment, technology, and the movement of goods and services. As geographical boundaries become less significant, countries increasingly compete in the same global market. Although developing countries have expanded their participation in world trade, they still account for a relatively smaller share of global production and trade compared to developed economies. Hence, both the Assertion and the Reason are true, and the Reason provides the correct context for understanding the Assertion.
- Option A. Both Assertion and Reason are false. → Incorrect because both statements are supported by the NCERT discussion on globalisation.
- Option B. Assertion is true, but Reason is false. → Incorrect because geographical boundaries have indeed become less significant due to globalisation.
- Option D. Assertion is false, but Reason is true. → Incorrect because the Assertion is also true.
Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- The question tests the conceptual relationship between globalisation and the changing nature of world markets. Matching the context of both statements helps identify the correct answer.
Final Logic:
- Since both statements are true and the Reason explains the broader context of the Assertion, Option C is correct.
"Globalisation = Boundaries Blur + Markets Expand."
2 Identify the correct statements regarding the actions and impacts on developing nations under globalisation.
1. They form regional groupings to strengthen domestic economies.
2. They face competition from developed nations.
3. They face competition amongst themselves.
Developing nations form regional economic groupings to improve economic strength. They compete with developed countries in global markets. They also compete among themselves for trade, investment, and foreign capital.
Globalisation has intensified economic competition worldwide. To strengthen their domestic economies, developing nations increasingly participate in regional and global economic groupings such as SAARC, ASEAN, BRICS, and G-20. At the same time, they compete with developed nations in international markets while also competing among themselves to attract foreign investment, expand exports, and improve economic growth. Therefore, all three statements are correct.
- Option A. 1 and 2 only → Incorrect because Statement 3 is also correct; developing countries compete among themselves.
- Option B. 2 and 3 only → Incorrect because Statement 1 is also correct; regional cooperation is an important strategy under globalisation.
- Option C. 1 and 3 only → Incorrect because Statement 2 is also correct; developing nations compete with developed economies.
Elimination
Application:
- Evaluate each statement individually using NCERT concepts. Since all three statements are correct, eliminate options that omit any correct statement.
Final Logic:
- All three statements are correct; therefore, Option D is the only complete answer.
"Group – Compete – Grow (GCG)."
3 Based on the demographic data, if India's population is represented as X, which mathematical equation best approximates Pakistan's population (P)?
Pakistan's population is significantly smaller than India's. The question requires a comparative approximation based on demographic data. Option D represents the closest approximation among the given choices.
The NCERT chapter compares demographic and economic indicators of India, China, and Pakistan. Among the given mathematical expressions, P = X/10 is intended to represent that Pakistan's population is much smaller than India's. Since the question asks for the best approximation from the given options, Option D is the most appropriate answer.
- Option A. P = X → Incorrect because Pakistan's population is not equal to India's population.
- Option B. P = X/2 → Incorrect because this does not represent the approximation intended in the comparative data.
- Option C. P = 10X → Incorrect because Pakistan's population is nowhere near ten times India's population.
Elimination
Application:
- Eliminate mathematically impossible or unreasonable options before selecting the closest approximation.
Final Logic:
- After eliminating Options A, B, and C, Option D remains the most suitable approximation.
"Pakistan = Smaller Partner."
4 Match the annual GDP growth rates (1980–1990) to the correct country
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. — China's GDP Growth | a. — 10.3% |
| 2. — Pakistan's First Five Year Plan | b. — 5.7% |
| 3. — Pakistan's GDP Growth | c. — 6.3% |
| 4. — India's GDP Growth | d. — 1956 |
China recorded the highest GDP growth during 1980–1990. Pakistan launched its First Five Year Plan in 1956. India's GDP growth was lower than China's during the same period.
According to the comparative development data in NCERT: China's GDP Growth → 10.3% Pakistan's First Five Year Plan → 1956 Pakistan's GDP Growth → 6.3% India's GDP Growth → 5.7% Thus, the correct matching is: 1 → a 2 → d 3 → c 4 → b Hence, Option A is correct.
- Option B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c → Incorrect because all major matches are wrongly paired.
- Option C. 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d → Incorrect because China's GDP growth and Pakistan's First Five Year Plan are incorrectly matched.
- Option D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a → Incorrect because none of the principal matches correspond to NCERT data.
Option Grouping
Application:
- First identify the most certain pair (Pakistan's First Five Year Plan → 1956), then verify the remaining GDP growth rates to eliminate incorrect combinations.
Final Logic:
- Only Option A correctly matches all four pairs.
"China Ten – Pakistan Six – India Five – Plan 1956."
5 Arrange the following milestones of policy planning and economic reforms in chronological sequence.
1. Announcement of India's First Five Year Plan
2. Initiation of Economic Reforms in India
3. Initiation of Economic Reforms in Pakistan
4. Initiation of Economic Reforms in China
India launched its First Five Year Plan in 1951. China initiated economic reforms in 1978. Pakistan began economic reforms during the late 1970s and 1980s. India initiated economic reforms in 1991.
The events should be arranged according to their historical occurrence: India's First Five Year Plan was announced in 1951. China initiated economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping in 1978. Pakistan shifted towards denationalisation and encouraged the private sector during the late 1970s and 1980s. India introduced the New Economic Policy (LPG Reforms) in 1991. Therefore, the correct chronological order is: 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 Hence, Option B is the correct answer.
- Option A. 1, 2, 3, 4 → Incorrect because India's economic reforms (1991) occurred after the reforms in China and Pakistan.
- Option C. 4, 3, 2, 1 → Incorrect because India's First Five Year Plan (1951) was the earliest event.
- Option D. 2, 3, 4, 1 → Incorrect because it places the earliest event at the end of the sequence.
Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- Arrange the events by recalling the timeline of major economic reforms and planning initiatives discussed in the NCERT chapter.
Final Logic:
- Following the historical sequence of policy changes leads to 1 → 4 → 3 → 2, making Option B correct.
"Plan → China → Pakistan → India (P-C-P-I)."
6 Assertion (A): The Great Leap Forward campaign was initiated in 1991 in China.
Reason (R): It aimed to instantly privatise all agricultural land to foreign investors.
The Great Leap Forward was launched in 1958, not 1991. It aimed to rapidly industrialise China through communes and collective farming. It did not involve privatisation of agricultural land to foreign investors.
The Great Leap Forward (1958–1962) was introduced by Mao Zedong to accelerate China's industrial and agricultural development through the Commune System and collective farming. The campaign did not involve privatising agricultural land or opening it to foreign investors. Therefore, both the Assertion and the Reason are incorrect.
- Option B. Assertion is true, but Reason is false. → Incorrect because the Assertion itself is false; the campaign began in 1958, not 1991.
- Option C. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion. → Incorrect because neither statement is true.
- Option D. Assertion is false, but Reason is true. → Incorrect because the Reason is also false; the Great Leap Forward focused on collectivisation, not privatisation.
Elimination
Application:
- Verify the historical year and objective of the Great Leap Forward using NCERT facts. Since both statements contradict NCERT, eliminate all options except the one stating both are false.
Final Logic:
- Both the year (1991) and the stated objective are incorrect; therefore, Option A is the correct answer.
"GLF = 1958 + Communes, Not Privatisation."
7 What major policy shift occurred in Pakistan's development strategy in the late 1970s and 1980s?
Pakistan shifted towards a market-oriented economy. The government encouraged private sector participation. Denationalisation became an important feature of economic policy.
During the late 1970s and 1980s, Pakistan changed its development strategy by moving away from extensive state control towards denationalisation and encouraging the private sector. This policy aimed to improve industrial growth, attract investment, and enhance economic efficiency. According to NCERT, this shift, along with financial assistance from Western countries and remittances from the Middle East, contributed to Pakistan's economic growth during this period. Therefore, Option C is the correct answer.
- Option A. Complete nationalisation of capital goods industries → Incorrect because Pakistan moved away from nationalisation during this period.
- Option B. Establishment of the Commune system → Incorrect because the Commune System was introduced in China, not Pakistan.
- Option D. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution → Incorrect because this was a political movement in China, not a policy adopted by Pakistan.
Odd One Out
Application:
- Identify the option that specifically relates to Pakistan's economic reforms. The other options refer to Chinese policies or contradict Pakistan's actual policy shift.
Final Logic:
- Only Option C correctly describes Pakistan's development strategy during the late 1970s and 1980s.
"Pakistan = Private Sector Push."
8 Pakistan's economic growth in the 1980s was stimulated by financial support from western nations and ______________.
Pakistan received substantial remittances from workers employed in the Middle East. Financial assistance from Western countries also supported economic growth. These factors strengthened Pakistan's economy during the 1980s.
According to NCERT, Pakistan experienced relatively high economic growth during the 1980s due to two major factors: Financial assistance from Western nations, and Remittances sent by Pakistani workers employed in the Middle East. These remittances increased foreign exchange earnings, supported domestic consumption, and contributed to overall economic development. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
- Option A. Heavy agricultural taxes → Incorrect because agricultural taxation was not the major reason for Pakistan's economic growth during the 1980s.
- Option C. Tech software exports → Incorrect because software exports were not a significant contributor to Pakistan's economy during this period.
- Option D. The Great Leap Forward → Incorrect because the Great Leap Forward was a Chinese campaign and had no connection with Pakistan's economic growth.
Elimination
Application:
- Eliminate options unrelated to Pakistan's economic development in the 1980s. NCERT clearly identifies remittances from the Middle East as a major contributing factor.
Final Logic:
- Only Option B matches the NCERT explanation for Pakistan's economic growth during the 1980s.
"Middle East Money = Pakistan Growth."
9
Countries form regional and global economic groupings to improve economic cooperation. These groupings strengthen domestic economies through trade and investment. The passage explicitly states this objective.
The passage clearly states that nations are adopting various measures to strengthen their domestic economies. One such measure is forming regional and global economic groupings such as SAARC, ASEAN, the European Union, G-8, G-20, and BRICS. These organisations promote economic cooperation, trade, investment, and regional development. Therefore, the primary motive behind forming such groupings is to strengthen domestic economies. Hence, Option D is the correct answer.
- Option A. To adopt a single global language → Incorrect because the passage does not mention language as an objective of these organisations.
- Option B. To eliminate technological advancements → Incorrect because economic groupings encourage technological cooperation rather than eliminating technology.
- Option C. To isolate completely from world trade → Incorrect because these organisations promote greater economic integration, not isolation.
Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- Locate the exact purpose stated in the passage and match it with the option that reflects the same idea.
Final Logic:
- The passage explicitly mentions "strengthen their own domestic economies," making Option D the correct answer.
"Group Together → Grow Together."
10
The passage identifies globalisation as a major factor behind economic transformation. Globalisation increases economic integration among countries. It has both short-term and long-term implications for nations.
The passage explicitly states that the economic transformation occurring across different countries is "partly because of the process of globalisation." Globalisation promotes international trade, investment, technological exchange, and economic integration, leading to significant changes in national economies. Since this statement is directly mentioned in the passage, Option C is the correct answer.
- Option A. The decentralisation of agriculture → Incorrect because this is not mentioned anywhere in the passage.
- Option B. The establishment of command economies → Incorrect because the passage discusses globalisation, not command economies.
- Option D. The implementation of strict import tariffs → Incorrect because strict import tariffs restrict trade, whereas the passage focuses on globalisation and economic integration.
Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- Identify the exact phrase used in the passage and match it with the corresponding option.
Final Logic:
- Since the passage directly states that economic transformation is occurring "partly because of the process of globalisation," Option C is the correct answer.
"Globalisation = Global Transformation."
11 Which statements represent the core analytical reasons to learn from the developmental processes of neighbours?
1. Comprehending strengths and weaknesses.
2. Completely abandoning domestic currencies.
3. Understanding the roots of successes and failures.
Comparative study helps understand the strengths and weaknesses of neighbouring countries. It enables policymakers to identify the reasons behind developmental successes and failures. Abandoning domestic currencies is unrelated to comparative development.
One of the primary objectives of studying the comparative development experiences of India, China, and Pakistan is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of different development models and to analyse the reasons behind their successes and failures. Such comparisons help policymakers and students evaluate alternative development strategies and draw useful lessons for future policy formulation. However, comparative development does not require countries to abandon their domestic currencies. Therefore, Statements 1 and 3 are correct, making Option B the correct answer.
- Option A. 1 and 2 only → Incorrect because Statement 2 is incorrect. Comparative development has no relation to abandoning domestic currencies.
- Option C. 2 and 3 only → Incorrect because Statement 2 is incorrect, while Statement 1 is also correct.
- Option D. Only 1 → Incorrect because Statement 3 is also correct according to the objectives of the chapter.
Elimination
Application:
- Evaluate each statement independently. Eliminate Statement 2 because it is unrelated to the objectives of comparative development.
Final Logic:
- Since Statements 1 and 3 are correct, Option B is the only valid answer.
"Compare = Strengths + Successes."
12 Based on the chapter data, if India's GDP (PPP) is approximately $15 trillion and China's is $35 trillion, India's GDP is roughly what percentage of China's?
Percentage comparison is calculated using the ratio of India's GDP to China's GDP. Formula: (India's GDP ÷ China's GDP) × 100 The result is approximately 42%.
To determine India's GDP as a percentage of China's GDP: 15/35×100=42.86% The closest approximate value among the given options is 42%. This type of question tests the ability to interpret comparative economic data presented in the chapter. Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.
- Option B. 20% → Incorrect because the calculated percentage is much higher than 20%.
- Option C. 60% → Incorrect because India's GDP is less than half of China's in the given data.
- Option D. 10% → Incorrect because the calculated percentage is far above 10%.
Substitution
Application:
- Substitute the given GDP values into the percentage formula and compare the calculated value with the available options.
Final Logic:
- 15/35×100≈42.86%
- Hence, Option A (42%) is the closest approximation.
"15 out of 35 ≈ 42%."
13 Assertion (A): India is described as the largest democracy of the world.
Reason (R): It has been wedded to a secular and deeply liberal Constitution for more than half a century.
India is the world's largest democracy. India has followed a secular and liberal Constitution since its adoption. The Constitution has provided the democratic framework for governance.
India is recognised as the largest democracy in the world because it has the world's largest electorate and conducts regular free and fair elections. Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1950, India has remained committed to the principles of democracy, secularism, justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. The Constitution provides the institutional and legal framework that sustains India's democratic system. Therefore, both the Assertion and the Reason are true, and the Reason provides the correct context for the Assertion.
- Option A. Both Assertion and Reason are false. → Incorrect because both statements are factually correct.
- Option B. Assertion is true, but Reason is false. → Incorrect because the Reason is also true according to the Constitution and NCERT.
- Option D. Assertion is false, but Reason is true. → Incorrect because India is correctly described as the world's largest democracy.
Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- Evaluate whether both statements are factually correct and determine whether the Reason supports the context of the Assertion.
Final Logic:
- Both statements are true, and the Reason explains the constitutional foundation of India's democratic identity. Therefore, Option C is correct.
"Largest Democracy = Largest Electorate + Constitution."
14 Match the economic features of China's reform phase with their accurate descriptions.
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| 1. — Commune System | a. — Initiated in 1958 |
| 2. — Great Leap Forward | b. — People collectively cultivated lands |
| 3. — Economic Reforms | c. — Fixing the prices in two ways (government vs market) |
| 4. — Dual Pricing | d. — Initiated in 1978 |
The Commune System involved collective farming. The Great Leap Forward was launched in 1958. China's Economic Reforms began in 1978. Dual Pricing allowed both government-controlled and market-determined prices.
According to NCERT: Commune System → People collectively cultivated lands (b). Great Leap Forward → Initiated in 1958 (a). Economic Reforms → Initiated in 1978 (d) under Deng Xiaoping. Dual Pricing → Fixing prices in two ways: government prices and market prices (c). Therefore, the correct matching is: 1 → b 2 → a 3 → d 4 → c Hence, Option B is the correct answer.
- Option A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d → Incorrect because the Commune System is not "initiated in 1958"; that refers to the Great Leap Forward.
- Option C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b → Incorrect because all four matches are incorrectly paired.
- Option D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a → Incorrect because none of the key features are matched correctly according to NCERT.
Option Grouping
Application:
- First identify the most familiar pairs (Great Leap Forward → 1958 and Economic Reforms → 1978), then match the remaining features logically.
Final Logic:
- Only Option B correctly matches all four pairs.
"Commune–Collective, GLF–1958, Reform–1978, Dual–Two Prices."
15 Which of the following factors do scholars cite as a primary reason for the declining growth rate in Pakistan?
Political instability discouraged long-term economic planning. Frequent changes in government affected policy continuity. Scholars identify political instability as a major reason for Pakistan's declining growth.
According to the NCERT, Pakistan's declining economic growth has been attributed by many scholars to political instability, frequent changes in governments, and inconsistent implementation of economic policies. Political uncertainty reduced investor confidence, affected policy continuity, and slowed economic development. Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.
- Option B. Implementation of the Great Leap Forward → Incorrect because the Great Leap Forward was a Chinese campaign and had no connection with Pakistan's economy.
- Option C. Over-reliance on heavy capital goods industries → Incorrect because this strategy was mainly associated with India's early planning, not Pakistan's declining growth.
- Option D. Too much democratic participation → Incorrect because NCERT does not identify democratic participation as the cause of Pakistan's declining growth.
Elimination
Application:
- Eliminate options associated with other countries or unsupported by NCERT. The remaining option aligns with the chapter's explanation.
Final Logic:
- Political instability is the only factor directly cited in NCERT; therefore, Option A is correct.
"Pakistan: Political Problems = Poor Growth."
16 Pakistan follows a mixed economy model, which signifies the co-existence of ______________.
A mixed economy combines public and private ownership. Both government and private enterprises contribute to economic development. Pakistan follows this economic model.
A mixed economy is an economic system in which both the public sector and the private sector operate simultaneously. The government manages essential public services and strategic industries, while private enterprises function in various sectors to promote competition and economic growth. According to NCERT, Pakistan follows a mixed economy where both sectors coexist. Hence, Option D is the correct answer.
- Option A. Foreign and alien sectors → Incorrect because these are not components of a mixed economy.
- Option B. Communes and State-Owned Enterprises → Incorrect because communes were a feature of China's economic system, not Pakistan's mixed economy.
- Option C. Purely agricultural and nomadic sectors → Incorrect because these do not define a mixed economy.
Odd One Out
Application:
- Identify the option that correctly defines the concept of a mixed economy. The remaining options describe unrelated or incorrect economic structures.
Final Logic:
- A mixed economy is characterised by the coexistence of public and private sectors; therefore, Option D is correct.
"Mixed = Public + Private."
17 In the normal classical course of development, countries shift their employment and output through sectors in which logical sequence?
1. Services
2. Industry
3. Agriculture
Economic development generally begins with agriculture. As industrialisation progresses, labour shifts to industry. At advanced stages of development, the service sector becomes dominant.
According to the classical pattern of economic development discussed in NCERT, economies undergo a structural transformation over time. Initially, agriculture is the primary source of employment and output. With industrialisation, labour and production gradually shift towards the industrial sector. As economies become more developed, the service sector emerges as the largest contributor to employment and national income. Therefore, the correct sequence is: Agriculture → Industry → Services or 3 → 2 → 1 Hence, Option A is the correct answer.
- Option B. 1 → 2 → 3 → Incorrect because economies do not begin with the service sector.
- Option C. 2 → 3 → 1 → Incorrect because industrialisation follows agriculture, not the other way around.
- Option D. 1 → 3 → 2 → Incorrect because the service sector develops after agriculture and industry.
Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- Recall the standard sequence of structural transformation in economic development and match it with the appropriate option.
Final Logic:
- Economic development follows the order Agriculture → Industry → Services, making Option A correct.
"AIS = Agriculture → Industry → Services."
18 According to the human development indicators (Table 8.5), which country has successfully maintained the lowest Maternal Mortality Rate?
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is an important indicator of healthcare quality. China has the lowest MMR among India, China, and Pakistan. Lower MMR reflects better maternal healthcare services.
According to Table 8.5 in the NCERT chapter, China has the lowest Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) among the three neighbouring countries—India, China, and Pakistan. This reflects China's comparatively better healthcare infrastructure, wider access to institutional deliveries, improved maternal healthcare services, and stronger public health interventions. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
- Option A. India → Incorrect because India's MMR is higher than China's according to the NCERT data.
- Option C. Pakistan → Incorrect because Pakistan records the highest MMR among the three countries.
- Option D. Both India and Pakistan → Incorrect because neither country has a lower MMR than China.
Elimination
Application:
- Compare the human development indicators presented in Table 8.5 and eliminate countries with higher maternal mortality rates.
Final Logic:
- China has the lowest Maternal Mortality Rate among the three countries; therefore, Option B is correct.
"China = Care for Mothers."
19 Assertion (A): China's population density is the lowest among India, China, and Pakistan.
Reason (R): China geographically occupies the largest area among the three nations.
Population density is the number of people living per unit area. China has the largest geographical area among the three countries. A larger land area contributes to a lower population density despite a large population.
Population density is calculated by dividing the total population by the total geographical area. Although China has a very large population, it also has the largest geographical area among India, China, and Pakistan. As a result, its population density is lower than that of India and Pakistan. Therefore, both the Assertion and the Reason are true, and the Reason provides the correct context for the Assertion.
- Option A. Both Assertion and Reason are false. → Incorrect because both statements are factually correct.
- Option B. Assertion is true, but Reason is false. → Incorrect because China does have the largest geographical area among the three countries.
- Option D. Assertion is false, but Reason is true. → Incorrect because the Assertion is also correct.
Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- Evaluate whether both statements are factually correct and determine whether the Reason provides the geographical basis for the Assertion.
Final Logic:
- China's large land area explains its comparatively lower population density; therefore, Option C is correct.
"Large Land → Lower Density."
20 According to the 2022 sectoral data, what is the approximate percentage contribution of the service sector to India's Gross Value Added (GVA)?
The service sector contributes the largest share to India's Gross Value Added (GVA). It includes activities such as trade, transport, finance, communication, and other services. In 2022, its contribution was approximately 54%.
According to the sectoral composition of India's economy, the service sector is the largest contributor to the country's Gross Value Added (GVA). The 2022 data indicates that services account for approximately 54% of India's GVA, reflecting the growing importance of banking, information technology, transport, trade, communication, education, healthcare, and other service activities in the economy. Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.
- Option A. 18% → Incorrect because this percentage is much lower than the actual contribution of the service sector.
- Option B. 28% → Incorrect because the service sector contributes significantly more than 28% to India's GVA.
- Option C. 100% → Incorrect because India's GVA is contributed by agriculture, industry, and services collectively.
Elimination
Application:
- Recall the approximate sector-wise contribution to India's GVA and eliminate unrealistic values.
Final Logic:
- The service sector contributes about 54% to India's GVA; therefore, Option D is correct.
"Services = More than Half = 54%."