(Detailed) 2. → The correct sequence is (C), (A), (B), (E), (D). Identical twins reared together have the highest IQ correlation because they share both heredity and environment. Identical twins reared in different environments still show high correlation because they share the same genetic makeup. Fraternal twins reared together show moderate correlation because they share environment but are not genetically identical. Siblings reared together show lower correlation than fraternal twins. Siblings reared apart show the lowest correlation because they share neither identical heredity nor the same environment.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct sequence is (A), (B), (D), (C), (E). First, the teacher announces a class test, which creates arousal and alerts the student. Then the student focuses attention on reading, learning, and revising. After attention, the student processes the textbook and notes simultaneously and successively. Then the student plans a time schedule and group studies. Finally, if the planning is not effective, it is modified. This sequence matches the working of the PASS model in an exam-preparation situation.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Option B. Intellectual deficiency refers to below IQ score of 70. Intellectually gifted refers to IQ above 130. Remarkable ability in a specific field is called Talent. Highly talented individuals are called Prodigies. Therefore, the correct matching is: (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is IQBelow 20–25. Intellectual disability is classified into different levels based on IQ range. IQ 55–70 is generally associated with mild intellectual disability. IQ 35–40 to 50–55 is associated with moderate intellectual disability. IQ 20–25 to 35–40 is associated with severe intellectual disability. IQ below 20–25 is considered profound intellectual disability.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Componential. Howard Gardner's theory includes several types of intelligence such as Musical, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal intelligence. Componential intelligence is not part of Gardner's theory. It belongs to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which includes componential, experiential, and contextual intelligence. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is William Stern. Intelligence Quotient or IQ was introduced by William Stern. IQ expresses intelligence in relation to mental age and chronological age. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Lewis Terman revised the Binet test and contributed to the Stanford-Binet scale. Since the question asks who devised the concept of IQ, William Stern is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Option C. Statement B is correct because Sternberg described intelligence as the ability to adapt to, shape, and select environments to achieve goals. Statement C is correct because the theory includes three types: componential, contextual, and experiential intelligence. Statement E is correct because experiential or creative intelligence helps a person use past experiences creatively to solve new problems. Statement A is incorrect because the triarchic theory was given by Robert Sternberg, not Howard Gardner. Statement D is incorrect because street smartness or business sense refers to contextual intelligence, not componential intelligence. Therefore, (B), (C) and (E) only is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Contextual Intelligence. In Sternberg's Triarchic Theory, contextual intelligence refers to practical intelligence or street smartness. It helps a person adapt to, shape, and select real-life environments. Multiple Intelligence belongs to Gardner's theory, Experiential Intelligence is creative intelligence, and Componential Intelligence is analytical intelligence. Therefore, street smartness is a part of Contextual Intelligence.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Operations, Contents and Products. J.P. Guilford classified intellectual abilities into three major dimensions: operations, contents, and products. Operations refer to mental processes, contents refer to the kind of information being processed, and products refer to the form in which information is processed or expressed. Other options wrongly include memory or perception as main dimensions.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Planning. In the PASS model, Planning allows a person to think of possible courses of action, implement them to reach a target, and evaluate their effectiveness. Arousal helps maintain alertness, Simultaneous processing helps integrate information together, and Successive processing helps arrange information in sequence. Since the question focuses on goal-directed action and evaluation, Planning is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Intrapersonal because this intelligence involves understanding oneself, one's identity, emotions, motives, and deeper questions related to life. Persons high in intrapersonal intelligence have finer sensibilities about human existence and meaning of life. Interpersonal intelligence is about understanding others, Spatial intelligence is about visual and space-related ability, and Linguistic intelligence is about language use. Therefore, Intrapersonal intelligence is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is High Emotional Intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor one's own and others' emotions, discriminate among them, and use this information to guide thinking and actions. Atul shows exactly these qualities. High Intelligence Quotient refers mainly to cognitive ability, while the question specifically focuses on emotional awareness and emotional use. Therefore, High Emotional Intelligence is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is 35 to 50. Intellectual deficiency is classified according to IQ ranges. Mild intellectual deficiency is usually in the range of 55 to 70, moderate intellectual deficiency is around 35 to 50, severe intellectual deficiency is around 20 to 35, and profound intellectual deficiency is below that. Since the question asks for moderate intellectual deficiency, 35 to 50 is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Psychological Test. A psychological test is an objective and standardized measure of an individual's mental and/or behavioural characteristics. It helps psychologists assess abilities, personality, interests, attitudes, aptitude, and other psychological traits. Intelligence is only one mental ability, Case Study is an in-depth method, and Self-Report is a method of collecting personal responses. Therefore, Psychological Test is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Bodily kinesthetic skills. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence means the ability to use one's body skillfully for expression, movement, and performance. Rajiv is an excellent dancer and has fine body flexibility. These qualities directly show bodily-kinesthetic ability. Interpersonal skill is about understanding others, Spatial skill is about visual-spatial ability, and Intrapersonal skill is about understanding oneself. Therefore, Bodily kinesthetic skills is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is William Stern. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed the first successful intelligence test. However, the concept of Intelligence Quotient was devised by William Stern. IQ compares mental age with chronological age. Guilford is linked with the Structure of Intellect model, and Sternberg is linked with the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. Therefore, William Stern is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Entrepreneurial competence. In the Indian traditional view of intelligence, entrepreneurial competence refers to qualities needed for practical success and productive work. These include persistence, hard work, vigilance, initiative, and goal-directed behaviour. Ayush's startup became successful because of these exact qualities. Cognitive capacity refers to thinking and reasoning, Social competence refers to social interaction, and Emotional competence refers to emotional control and sensitivity. Therefore, Entrepreneurial competence is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is 0.72. Studies on heredity and environment show that identical twins have high intelligence correlation. Identical twins reared together show an even higher correlation, around 0.90. Identical twins reared in different environments show a correlation of about 0.72. This shows the strong role of heredity, while environment also has an influence. Therefore, 0.72 is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Option B. Statement A is correct because Sternberg's triarchic theory includes three intelligences. Statement D is correct because componential intelligence refers to analytical ability and the traditional notion of intelligence. Statement E is correct because contextual intelligence is practical intelligence, also called street smartness. Statement B is incorrect because Sternberg's theory was not proposed in 1950. Statement C is incorrect because the definition "judge well, understand well and reason well" is associated with Binet, not Sternberg. Therefore, A, D and E only is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Option C. Unifactor theory is associated with Alfred Binet. Two-factor theory of intelligence was proposed by Charles Spearman. Hierarchical Model of intelligence is associated with Arthur Jensen. Structure of Intellect Model was proposed by J.P. Guilford. Therefore, the correct matching is A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Interest because Ananya sings and plays guitar whenever she is free, and this activity makes her feel happy. Interest refers to a preference or liking for a particular activity, even if the person may not be highly skilled in it. Aptitude would mean natural ability or potential, Personality refers to overall behavioural traits, and Intelligence refers to general mental ability. Since Ananya enjoys music as an activity, Interest is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Emotional intelligence because it refers to the ability to monitor, understand, discriminate, and manage one's own and others' emotions. It helps individuals guide thinking and behaviour using emotional information. Social intelligence is broader and relates to social situations, interpersonal intelligence focuses on understanding others, and abstract intelligence deals with ideas and symbols. Since the question directly focuses on emotions, Emotional intelligence is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Performance test because Koh's Block Design Test requires the subject to manipulate wooden blocks and arrange them within a time limit. Performance tests assess intelligence through practical tasks rather than verbal responses. Non-verbal test is related because language is not central, but the most specific classification here is performance test. Verbal test is incorrect because words are not used as the main tool, and aptitude test is incorrect because this test assesses intelligence, not specific future potential.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Gifted because Arshiya has an IQ of 135 and shows exceptional performance in academics, chess, and other activities. In Psychology, gifted individuals usually have high intellectual ability along with outstanding talent or performance. Smart and Intelligent are general terms, while Creative refers mainly to originality and novel ideas. Since the question shows high IQ and exceptional all-round ability, Gifted is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (A), (B), (C),(E) only because intelligence in the Indian tradition includes cognitive capacity, social competence, emotional competence, and entrepreneurial competence. These cover thinking ability, social adjustment, emotional control, and practical life competence. Individualistic orientation does not match the Indian tradition because Indian thought gives importance to social responsibility and collective harmony. Therefore, option C is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is D because poets and writers are linked with Linguistic intelligence, scientists with Logical-Mathematical intelligence, philosophers and spiritual leaders with Intrapersonal intelligence, and athletes, dancers and gymnasts with Bodily-Kinaesthetic intelligence. This matching follows Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Option D correctly matches all four pairs.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Case-study because it involves a detailed and in-depth study of an individual's psychological attributes, history, and psycho-social and physical environment. Interview is only one method of collecting information, self-report is based on the person's own responses, and psychological test measures specific attributes. Since the question asks for a complete in-depth study of an individual, Case-study is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (A) only because the Stanford-Binet Test is categorised as a verbal intelligence test. It uses language-based items to measure intelligence. Alexander's Passalong Test is a performance test, Raven's Progressive Matrices is a non-verbal test, and Draw-a-Man Test is also non-verbal/performance-based. Therefore, only Stanford-Binet comes under verbal test.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (B), (D), (E), (A), (C). IQ correlation is highest among identical twins reared together because they share both genes and environment. Identical twins reared apart still show high correlation due to shared heredity. Fraternal twins reared together come next because they share environment and some heredity. Siblings reared together show lower correlation than fraternal twins, and siblings reared apart show the lowest correlation due to less shared environment. Therefore, option D gives the correct highest-to-lowest order.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (D), (C), (B), (A) because the order from higher to lower level of dysfunctioning in intellectual disability is Profound, Severe, Moderate, and Mild. Profound intellectual disability involves the highest level of support need and dysfunctioning. Severe comes next, followed by moderate and then mild. Therefore, the correct sequence is D, C, B, A.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Separation anxiety disorder because Pari shows excessive fear and distress when separated from her parents. Her clinging behaviour, refusal to go to school without them, tantrums, and fear when left alone are typical symptoms of separation anxiety disorder. Panic disorder involves sudden panic attacks, phobia involves fear of a specific object or situation, and generalised anxiety involves excessive worry about many things. Since the fear is specifically linked to separation from parents, option C is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Delusion of persecution because Archit believes that people are deliberately targeting him, spying on him, tampering with his computer, and trying to get him removed from his job. In delusion of persecution, a person falsely believes that others are planning to harm, harass, or conspire against them. Delusion of grandeur involves exaggerated self-importance, delusion of reference involves believing neutral events refer to oneself, and delusion of control involves believing one's thoughts or actions are controlled by others.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (D), (C), (B), (A) because the order from higher to lower level of dysfunctioning in intellectual disability is Profound, Severe, Moderate, and Mild. Profound intellectual disability involves the highest level of support need and dysfunctioning. Severe comes next, followed by moderate and then mild. Therefore, the correct sequence is D, C, B, A.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is C because Schizophrenia is commonly associated with positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganised thinking. Bipolar and related disorders may include depressive phases and risk of suicidal thoughts. Separation Anxiety Disorder involves excessive fear related to separation. Somatic Symptom Disorder involves being overly preoccupied with body-related symptoms. Therefore, option C correctly matches all pairs.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Peer counseling because a therapeutic relationship is a professional relationship between a therapist and client. Its components include a contractual nature, limited duration, and a trusting and confiding relationship. Peer counseling may be a support activity, but it is not listed as a core component of the therapeutic relationship. Therefore, option D is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Token economy because delivery persons receive badges as tokens for timely delivery, and these badges can later be exchanged for a bonus. In token economy, desirable behaviour is reinforced by giving tokens that can be exchanged for rewards. Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus, differential reinforcement rewards selected behaviours, and modelling involves learning by observing others. Since badges are exchanged for bonus, this is token economy.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is To facilitate client to find the meaning of his/her being because Logotherapy is based on the idea that the search for meaning is the central motivation of human life. It helps clients discover purpose even in suffering or difficult situations. Unlearning faulty behaviour patterns belongs more to behavioural therapy, cognitive restructuring belongs to cognitive therapy, and increasing self-awareness is linked with other therapeutic approaches. Logotherapy specifically focuses on meaning.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Confidentiality of the client because the counsellor shared Aparna's personal problem with college staff without maintaining privacy. In counselling, confidentiality means that the client's information should not be disclosed without proper permission, except in special ethical or legal situations. Informed consent refers to permission before therapy, respect for dignity refers to valuing the person, and professional competence refers to proper skills. Since the issue is disclosure of private details, confidentiality was breached.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is B because emotional unburdening is called catharsis. Therapist variable includes qualities of the therapist, such as absence of unresolved emotional conflicts. Patient variable includes the client's expectation of improvement due to treatment. Therapeutic alliance refers to the healing bond between therapist and client. Therefore, option B correctly matches all the given terms.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Reduce his football training time on weekdays because antecedent operation refers to modifying the conditions that occur before the target behaviour. Aslam becomes too tired because he plays football soon after school. By reducing his weekday training time and shifting practice to weekends, the counsellor changes the antecedent condition that leads to tiredness. This increases the chance that Aslam will complete his homework.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Creative Visualisation because the writer uses mental imagery to rise above his suffering. He imagines himself in a warm lecture room, speaking about hope, optimism, and resilience. This mental image helps him reduce pain and distress. Cognitive Behavioural Techniques focus on changing irrational thoughts, Biofeedback uses feedback about physiological responses, and Relaxation Techniques focus on reducing bodily tension. Since the passage clearly shows the use of positive imagery, Creative Visualisation is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Distress because the prisoners were experiencing extreme suffering, despair, and mental pain. Distress refers to negative stress that creates discomfort and emotional strain. Eustress is positive stress, Strain refers more generally to the reaction caused by stress, and Burnout usually results from prolonged work-related exhaustion. Since the passage describes intense negative suffering, Distress is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (A), (B), (D), (C), (E). In creative visualisation, the person first sets a realistic goal. Then the person visualises when the mind is quiet, the body is relaxed, and the eyes are closed. This reduces interference from unwanted thoughts. After that, creative energy helps turn the imagined scene into a meaningful experience, which finally reduces stress. Therefore, option D gives the correct sequence.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (A) only because the passage shows the use of images and imagery to deal with stress. The author visualises himself in a pleasant lecture room and uses that mental image to rise above suffering. Statement (B) refers to meditation, statement (C) refers to biofeedback, and statement (D) refers to cognitive restructuring. Since the passage is about creative visualisation, only statement (A) is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Hardiness because it is a personality trait that consists of commitment, control, and challenge. People with hardiness are better able to cope with stressful and difficult situations. Self-esteem refers to one's sense of self-worth, assertiveness refers to expressing oneself confidently, and rational thinking refers to logical thinking. Since the question directly mentions the three C's, Hardiness is the correct answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Group polarisation because it refers to the strengthening of a group's initial position after group discussion and interaction. The passage clearly states that whatever the initial position in the group, it becomes much stronger after discussion. Groupthink refers to faulty decision-making due to pressure for agreement, obedience means following authority, and social loafing means reduced effort in a group. Therefore, Group polarisation is the best answer.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Bandwagon effect because it refers to adopting or strengthening a view when one finds that many others support the same view. In the question, the person feels that their opinion is validated because others also favour it. Cohesiveness refers to group togetherness, autokinetic effect is linked with perception-based conformity studies, and compliance means changing behaviour due to request or pressure. Therefore, Bandwagon effect is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is (B), (C) and (D) only. Statement (B) is correct because when others favour our opinion, we feel publicly validated. Statement (C) is correct because people with similar views are perceived as in-group members, which strengthens our view. Statement (D) is correct because groups are more likely to take extreme decisions than individuals alone. Statement (A) is incorrect because it says individuals are more likely to take extreme decisions than groups, which is the opposite of the passage.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is Ingroup because people who share similar views are usually perceived as belonging to one's own group. In social psychology, an ingroup is the group with which a person identifies. Outgroup refers to people seen as outsiders, Non-copformists are people who do not follow group norms, and Friends is a general social term. Since the question focuses on similar views and group identity, Ingroup is correct.

(Detailed) 2. → The correct answer is D because outgroup refers to members who are seen as different and often perceived negatively. Group polarisation means strengthening of the group's initial position after group discussion and interaction. Groupthink refers to the appearance of consensus or unanimous agreement within a group. Cohesiveness means team spirit, "we" feeling, and sense of belongingness. Therefore, option D correctly matches all four pairs.