UET UG Physics Booster Test 2 -Historical Models and Electromagnetic Theory -

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CUET UG Physics Booster Test 2 -Historical Models and Electromagnetic Theory

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Physics Booster Test 2 -Historical Models and Electromagnetic Theory

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Consider the statements regarding the implications of the Cartesian corpuscular model. Choose the correct statements:
1. It successfully derived Snell's law.
2. It explained the laws of reflection and refraction at an interface.
3. It predicted that a ray bending towards the normal requires the speed in the second medium to be lesser.
4. Its prediction regarding wave speed upon refraction was ultimately proven incorrect by experiments.

Answer Review

1 Consider the statements regarding the implications of the Cartesian corpuscular model. Choose the correct statements:
1. It successfully derived Snell's law.
2. It explained the laws of reflection and refraction at an interface.
3. It predicted that a ray bending towards the normal requires the speed in the second medium to be lesser.
4. Its prediction regarding wave speed upon refraction was ultimately proven incorrect by experiments.

A 1, 2, 3

B 1, 2, 4

C 2, 3, 4

D 1, 2, 3, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� Descartes proposed the corpuscular model. �� It explained reflection and refraction. �� Its speed prediction was later disproved.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because the corpuscular approach successfully accounted for refraction mathematically. Statement 2 is correct because it explained reflection and refraction at interfaces. Statement 3 is incorrect because the corpuscular model predicted that light moves faster in the second medium when bending toward the normal. Statement 4 is correct because Foucault's experiment later showed that light travels slower in water than in air. Therefore Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Includes incorrect Statement 3.
�� Option C → Includes incorrect Statement 3.
�� Option D → Includes incorrect Statement 3.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

�� Identify the statement contradicting the corpuscular prediction.

Final Logic:

�� Statement 3 is false; 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

🧠 Memory Trick

Corpuscles Predicted Faster.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Corpuscular Theory of Light

2 The tremendous popularity of Newton's book OPTICKS led to the historical consequence that:

A Descartes' contribution was completely erased from records.

B the corpuscular model is very often attributed to Newton despite Descartes giving it earlier.

C Huygens immediately abandoned his wave theory.

D the electromagnetic wave equation was derived much earlier than Maxwell's era.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Newton popularized the corpuscular theory. �� Descartes proposed it earlier. �� The theory became associated with Newton.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Although Descartes proposed the corpuscular model in 1637, Newton's influential book OPTICKS made the theory widely known. As a result, the corpuscular model is often attributed to Newton rather than Descartes. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Descartes' contribution remained historically documented.
�� Option C → Huygens did not abandon his theory.
�� Option D → Maxwell's work came much later in the nineteenth century.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Recall the historical impact of Newton's OPTICKS.

Final Logic:

�� Popularity caused attribution to Newton.

🧠 Memory Trick

Descartes Started, Newton Popularized.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Historical Development of Light Theories

3 Match List I (Waveform descriptions) with List II (Corresponding states according to Huygens' principle).

List I	List II
1. Wavefront at t = 0	a. Source of secondary disturbance
2. Point on the wavefront	b. Justified to be absent by an adhoc assumption
3. Envelope of secondary wavelets	c. New position of the wavefront at time t
4. Backwave	d. Initial surface of constant phase

A 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b

B 1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b

C 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c

D 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d

💡 Short Explanation

�� Each point on a wavefront acts as a source. �� Envelope forms the new wavefront. �� Backwaves are ignored through Huygens' assumption.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1 → d because the initial wavefront is a surface of constant phase. 2 → a because every point on the wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets. 3 → c because the envelope of secondary wavelets gives the new wavefront. 4 → b because backward wavelets are neglected using an adhoc assumption. Hence: 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Interchanges wavefront and source roles.
�� Option C → Incorrect envelope matching.
�� Option D → Multiple incorrect matches.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Matching

Application:

�� Match Huygens' terminology with definitions.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option A gives all correct pairings.

🧠 Memory Trick

Point → Wavelet → Envelope → New Wavefront.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Huygens Principle

4 Applying Huygens' principle to a plane wave refracting into a medium, which condition must hold true to predict that the wave bends towards the normal?

A v₂ > v₁

B v₂ < v₁

C v₂ = v₁

D v₂ = 0

💡 Short Explanation

�� Bending toward the normal means slowing down. �� Huygens' theory links refraction to speed change. �� Denser medium reduces speed.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

According to Huygens' wave theory, when light enters a denser medium and bends toward the normal, its speed decreases. Thus: v₂ < v₁ Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Opposite prediction.
�� Option C → Refraction requires speed change.
�� Option D → Light does not stop.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Relate direction of bending with wave speed.

Final Logic:

�� Toward normal implies lower speed.

🧠 Memory Trick

Toward Normal → Speed Smaller.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Refraction Using Huygens Principle

5 Choose the correct statements about the propagation of light through vacuum:
1. Pre-Maxwell physicists struggled to understand it because it was thought waves require a medium.
2. Maxwell explained it by associating light with changing electric and magnetic fields.
3. It proved that the corpuscular model was completely correct.
4. It showed that time and space varying fields result in propagation without a physical medium.

A 1, 2, 3

B 1, 2, 4

C 1, 3, 4

D 2, 3, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� Vacuum propagation puzzled scientists. �� Maxwell explained propagation using fields. �� No physical medium is required.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because waves were believed to require a medium. Statement 2 is correct because Maxwell linked light to oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Statement 3 is incorrect because vacuum propagation did not prove the corpuscular model. Statement 4 is correct because changing fields can propagate through free space. Therefore Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Includes incorrect Statement 3.
�� Option C → Includes incorrect Statement 3.
�� Option D → Includes incorrect Statement 3.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

�� Remove statements unsupported by electromagnetic theory.

Final Logic:

�� Statement 3 is false.

🧠 Memory Trick

EM Fields Need No Medium.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Propagation Through Vacuum

6 In the mid-19th century, scientists believed light propagation inherently required a ________, but Maxwell resolved this by showing propagation depends on oscillating ________.

A Vacuum, Corpuscles

B Medium, Fields

C Corpuscle, Medium

D Field, Vacuum

💡 Short Explanation

�� Waves were believed to need a medium. �� Maxwell introduced electromagnetic fields. �� Fields propagate through vacuum.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Scientists believed light required a medium for propagation. Maxwell showed that changing electric and magnetic fields sustain each other and propagate without a material medium. Thus the blanks are: Medium, Fields Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Vacuum was not considered the medium.
�� Option C → Incorrect scientific relationship.
�� Option D → Reverses the concepts.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Recall Maxwell's solution to the propagation problem.

Final Logic:

�� Medium was replaced by oscillating fields.

🧠 Memory Trick

Medium Replaced by Fields.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Maxwell's Explanation

7 Identify the incorrect statement regarding the experimental speeds and historical models:

A The wave model predicted v₂ < v₁ if the ray bends toward the normal.

B The corpuscular model predicted v₂ > v₁ if the ray bends toward the normal.

C Foucault's experiment contradicted the prediction made by using the corpuscular model.

D The experiments showed that the speed of light in water is greater than the speed in air.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Water slows light. �� Wave theory was confirmed. �� Corpuscular prediction failed.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Experiments showed: vwater < vair Thus Statement D is incorrect. Foucault's results supported the wave theory and contradicted the corpuscular theory.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correct wave-model prediction.
�� Option B → Correct corpuscular prediction.
�� Option C → Correct interpretation of Foucault's result.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Compare experimental results with theoretical predictions.

Final Logic:

�� Water slows light, making D incorrect.

🧠 Memory Trick

Water < Air.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Foucault's Experiment

8 The primary significance of Foucault's 1850 experiment was that it:
1. proved the existence of the ether.
2. confirmed the wave model's prediction regarding light speeds in different media.
3. demonstrated that light bends away from the normal in water.
4. rejected the interference principle.

A 1 only

B 2 only

C 3 only

D 4 only

💡 Short Explanation

�� Foucault measured light speed. �� Results supported wave theory. �� Corpuscular prediction failed.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 2 is correct because Foucault experimentally verified that light travels slower in water than in air. Statements 1, 3 and 4 are incorrect. Therefore only Statement 2 is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Ether was not proven.
�� Option C → Not the result of the experiment.
�� Option D → Interference remained valid.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

�� Focus on the actual outcome of Foucault's measurement.

Final Logic:

�� Only Statement 2 is correct.

🧠 Memory Trick

Foucault Confirmed Waves.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Experimental Verification of Wave Theory

9 If the wavelength of yellow light is about 0.6 mm, what will be the distance covered by 1000 such wavelengths?

A 0.6 m

B 6.0 m

C 60 m

D 600 m

💡 Short Explanation

�� Distance = Number × Wavelength. �� Convert mm to m. �� Use direct multiplication.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Given: λ = 0.6 mm Distance = 1000 × 0.6 mm = 600 mm = 0.6 m Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Ten times larger.
�� Option C → Hundred times larger.
�� Option D → Thousand times larger.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Substitution

Application:

�� Multiply wavelength by number of waves.

Final Logic:

�� 1000 × 0.6 mm = 0.6 m.

🧠 Memory Trick

1000 mm = 1 m.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Wavelength of Visible Light

10 When Maxwell proposed that light is an electromagnetic wave, he essentially united the optics discipline with the laws of:

A mechanics and kinematics.

B electricity and magnetism.

C thermodynamics and heat.

D gravity and planetary motion.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism. �� Light became an electromagnetic phenomenon. �� Optics became linked with electromagnetism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Maxwell derived electromagnetic wave equations from the laws of electricity and magnetism. Since the calculated speed matched the speed of light, he concluded that light is an electromagnetic wave. Thus optics became connected to electromagnetism. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Not related to Maxwell's theory.
�� Option C → Maxwell did not unify optics with thermodynamics.
�� Option D → Gravity was not involved.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Recall Maxwell's major scientific unification.

Final Logic:

�� Light was identified as an electromagnetic phenomenon.

🧠 Memory Trick

Maxwell = Electricity + Magnetism + Light.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Electromagnetic Nature of Light

11 Identify the incorrect statement about the interrelation of fields in Maxwell's theory:

A A changing electric field produces a time and space varying magnetic field.

B A changing magnetic field produces a time and space varying electric field.

C The produced magnetic field is constant in time and space.

D Electromagnetic waves propagate due to these coupled changing fields.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell's theory involves changing fields. �� Electric and magnetic fields continuously generate each other. �� Constant fields cannot sustain electromagnetic waves.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

According to Maxwell's theory: • A changing electric field produces a changing magnetic field. • A changing magnetic field produces a changing electric field. The propagation of electromagnetic waves is possible only because both fields vary with time and position. Therefore Statement C is incorrect.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correct Maxwellian prediction.
�� Option B → Correct Maxwellian prediction.
�� Option D → Correct explanation of EM wave propagation.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

�� Identify the statement inconsistent with Maxwell's equations.

Final Logic:

�� Electromagnetic waves require varying, not constant, fields.

🧠 Memory Trick

Changing E ↔ Changing B.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory

12 In the electromagnetic wave context, the interdependent generation of fields implies that if the electric field varies, the magnetic field will be:

A zero.

B static.

C time and space varying.

D infinite.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Electric and magnetic fields are coupled. �� A varying electric field creates a varying magnetic field. �� This sustains electromagnetic waves.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Maxwell showed that a changing electric field generates a magnetic field that also varies with time and position. Thus, if the electric field varies, the magnetic field must also be time and space varying. Therefore Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → A varying electric field does not produce zero magnetic field.
�� Option B → The magnetic field is not static.
�� Option D → The magnetic field is finite and well-defined.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Recall the relationship between changing electric and magnetic fields.

Final Logic:

�� Varying electric field implies varying magnetic field.

🧠 Memory Trick

Variable E → Variable B.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

13 Choose the correct statements regarding Heinrich Hertz's production of radiowaves:
1. was accomplished around 1855, at the same time as Maxwell's prediction.
2. provided experimental realization of Maxwell's theoretical predictions in the laboratory.
3. was based on Descartes' corpuscular model.
4. proved that radio waves require a mechanical medium.

A 1 only

B 2 only

C 3 only

D 4 only

💡 Short Explanation

�� Hertz generated radio waves experimentally. �� His work confirmed Maxwell's theory. �� Radio waves do not require a mechanical medium.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 2 is correct because Hertz experimentally produced electromagnetic waves and verified Maxwell's prediction. Statement 1 is incorrect because Hertz's work came decades after Maxwell's theoretical work. Statement 3 is incorrect because the experiment was based on electromagnetic theory. Statement 4 is incorrect because electromagnetic waves can propagate through vacuum. Therefore only Statement 2 is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Statement 1 is incorrect.
�� Option C → Statement 3 is incorrect.
�� Option D → Statement 4 is incorrect.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

�� Compare Hertz's experiment with Maxwell's theory.

Final Logic:

�� Only Statement 2 is correct.

🧠 Memory Trick

Maxwell Predicted, Hertz Proved.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Hertz's Experimental Verification

14 Identify the correct statements about the transition from theory to practical application of EM waves:
1. Maxwell theoretically predicted the existence of EM waves.
2. Hertz produced them in the laboratory decades later.
3. J.C. Bose and G. Marconi made practical applications of these Hertzian waves.
4. Thomas Young used radiowaves for his double-slit experiment.

A 1, 2, 3

B 1, 3, 4

C 2, 3, 4

D 1, 2, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell predicted EM waves. �� Hertz generated them. �� Bose and Marconi applied them.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Maxwell predicted electromagnetic waves mathematically. Statement 2 is correct because Hertz later produced them experimentally. Statement 3 is correct because Bose and Marconi developed practical wireless applications. Statement 4 is incorrect because Young's double-slit experiment used visible light, not radio waves. Therefore Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Includes incorrect Statement 4.
�� Option C → Includes incorrect Statement 4.
�� Option D → Includes incorrect Statement 4.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

�� Identify the statement unrelated to radio-wave development.

Final Logic:

�� Statement 4 is false.

🧠 Memory Trick

Maxwell → Hertz → Bose/Marconi.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Historical Development of EM Waves

15 Identify the correct statements about geometrical optics and wavelength limit:
1. It completely neglects the finiteness of the wavelength.
2. It assumes light can approximately travel in straight lines.
3. It treats light strictly as an energy path limit tending to zero wavelength.
4. It works because the wavelength of visible light is huge compared to lenses.

A 1, 2, 3

B 1, 3, 4

C 2, 3, 4

D 1, 2, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� Geometrical optics neglects wavelength. �� Rays approximate light propagation. �� Visible wavelengths are very small compared to optical instruments.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because geometrical optics ignores wavelength effects. Statement 2 is correct because light is approximated as traveling in straight lines. Statement 3 is correct because rays represent energy propagation in the limit λ → 0. Statement 4 is incorrect because visible wavelengths are extremely small, not huge, compared to lenses and mirrors. Therefore Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Includes incorrect Statement 4.
�� Option C → Includes incorrect Statement 4.
�� Option D → Includes incorrect Statement 4.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

�� Identify the statement contradicting the wavelength approximation.

Final Logic:

�� Visible wavelength is small, not huge.

🧠 Memory Trick

λ → 0 ⇒ Ray Optics.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Geometrical Optics Approximation

16 The rectilinear propagation approximation works well when the dimensions of typical mirrors and lenses are ________ compared to the extremely ________ wavelength of visible light.

A Small, Large

B Large, Small

C Small, Small

D Large, Large

💡 Short Explanation

�� Visible wavelengths are tiny. �� Optical instruments are much larger. �� Straight-line propagation becomes valid.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The dimensions of mirrors and lenses are much larger than the wavelength of visible light. Because: Dimensions ≫ Wavelength light can be approximated as traveling in straight lines. Therefore the correct pair is: Large, Small Hence Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Reverses the actual relationship.
�� Option C → Both are not small.
�� Option D → Wavelength is not large.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Recall the condition for geometrical optics.

Final Logic:

�� Instrument size ≫ wavelength.

🧠 Memory Trick

Big Lens, Tiny λ.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Rectilinear Propagation of Light

17 If the wavelength of yellow light is about 0.6 mm, what is the distance of 100 such wavelengths combined?

A 6 mm

B 60 mm

C 600 mm

D 6000 mm

💡 Short Explanation

�� Distance = Number × Wavelength. �� Multiply directly. �� Keep units consistent.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Given: λ = 0.6 mm Distance = 100 × 0.6 mm = 60 mm Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Equals only 10 wavelengths.
�� Option C → Equals 1000 wavelengths.
�� Option D → Equals 10000 wavelengths.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Substitution

Application:

�� Multiply wavelength by the number of waves.

Final Logic:

�� 100 × 0.6 mm = 60 mm.

🧠 Memory Trick

100 × 0.6 = 60.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Wavelength of Visible Light

18 Match List I (Concepts) with List II (Wave properties).

List I	List II
1. Direction of energy travel	a. Perpendicular to wavefront
2. Constant phase locus	b. Wavefront surface
3. Ray and wavefront relationship	c. Mutually perpendicular
4. Backwave amplitude (Huygens)	d. Zero

A 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

B 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d

C 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d

D 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a

💡 Short Explanation

�� Energy travels along rays. �� Wavefronts are constant-phase surfaces. �� Rays are perpendicular to wavefronts.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1 → a because energy propagates perpendicular to the wavefront. 2 → b because a wavefront is a surface of constant phase. 3 → c because rays and wavefronts are mutually perpendicular. 4 → d because the backward wave amplitude is taken as zero in Huygens' construction. Therefore: 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d Hence Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Incorrect matching of energy travel and wavefront.
�� Option C → Incorrect matching of constant phase.
�� Option D → Multiple incorrect pairings.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Matching

Application:

�� Match wavefront terminology with definitions.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option A gives all correct matches.

🧠 Memory Trick

Rays ⟂ Wavefronts.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Wavefronts and Rays

19 The wave theory of light was ultimately cemented around the middle of the 19th century largely because:

A Newton publicly renounced his book OPTICKS.

B many experiments involving interference and diffraction could only be explained by assuming a wave model.

C Cartesian models failed to explain gravity.

D Foucault proved that light travels faster in water.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Interference and diffraction support wave behavior. �� Young's experiment was crucial. �� Experimental evidence favored wave theory.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Wave theory gained widespread acceptance because many phenomena such as: • Interference • Diffraction could only be explained using wave concepts. Foucault's experiment later provided additional support. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Never occurred.
�� Option C → Unrelated to wave optics.
�� Option D → Foucault showed light is slower in water.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Identify the experimental evidence supporting wave theory.

Final Logic:

�� Interference and diffraction established the wave model.

🧠 Memory Trick

Interference + Diffraction = Wave.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Wave Optics – Topic: Acceptance of Wave Theory

20 If Maxwell's theoretical calculation for the speed of EM waves in free space is represented by c, and the measured speed of light is vm, his conclusion heavily relied on the mathematical fact that:

A c ≪ vm

B c ≈ vm

C c ≫ vm

D c = 0

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell calculated EM wave speed. �� It matched measured light speed. �� This led to the identification of light as an EM wave.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Maxwell calculated the speed of electromagnetic waves from his equations. The calculated value was extremely close to the measured speed of light: c ≈ vm This remarkable agreement led him to conclude that light itself is an electromagnetic wave. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → The values are not vastly different.
�� Option C → The values are not vastly different.
�� Option D → The speed is not zero.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Concept Recall

Application:

�� Recall Maxwell's comparison between theoretical and measured speeds.

Final Logic:

�� c ≈ vm established the electromagnetic nature of light.

🧠 Memory Trick

Same Speed ⇒ Same Phenomenon.

📚 Class XII – Physics Part II – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Maxwell's Identification of Light as an Electromagnetic Wave

CUET UG Physics Booster Test 2 -Historical Models and Electromagnetic Theory

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