CUET UG Physics Booster Test 2-Foundations of Electromagnetism -

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CUET UG Physics Booster Test 2-Foundations of Electromagnetism

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Physics Booster Test 2-Foundations of Electromagnetism

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Choose the correct statements about Maxwell's theoretical predictions
1. He predicted that a time-varying electric field generates a magnetic field.
2. He demonstrated that light is fundamentally an electromagnetic wave.
3. He proved electricity is particulate through the laws of electrolysis.
4. He deduced the speed of electromagnetic waves from his equations.

Answer Review

1 Choose the correct statements about Maxwell's theoretical predictions
1. He predicted that a time-varying electric field generates a magnetic field.
2. He demonstrated that light is fundamentally an electromagnetic wave.
3. He proved electricity is particulate through the laws of electrolysis.
4. He deduced the speed of electromagnetic waves from his equations.

A 1, 2, 3

B 1, 2, 4

C 2, 3, 4

D 1, 3, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell introduced displacement current. �� Light was identified as an electromagnetic wave. �� Electromagnetic wave speed emerged from his equations.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Maxwell predicted that a changing electric field can generate a magnetic field. This idea was introduced through the concept of displacement current. Statement 2 is correct because Maxwell showed theoretically that light is an electromagnetic wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Statement 4 is correct because Maxwell derived the speed of electromagnetic waves from the constants μ₀ and ε₀ and found it equal to the known speed of light. Statement 3 is incorrect because the particulate nature of electricity was supported by Faraday's laws of electrolysis and later electron discoveries, not by Maxwell.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Includes Statement 3, which is incorrect.
�� Option C → Includes Statement 3, which is incorrect.
�� Option D → Includes Statement 3, which is incorrect.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

Remove all options containing Statement 3.

Final Logic:

Statements 1, 2 and 4 correctly describe Maxwell's theoretical predictions.

🧠 Memory Trick

Maxwell = E + B + Light + c

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Maxwell's Contributions

2 If the speed of light c unified the theories of electricity and magnetism, the relation Maxwell derived based on free space constants μ₀ and ε₀ is

A c = μ₀ε₀

B c = 1 / √(μ₀ε₀)

C c = √(μ₀ / ε₀)

D c = μ₀ / ε₀

💡 Short Explanation

�� Electromagnetic wave speed depends on vacuum constants. �� Maxwell derived the velocity theoretically. �� The value matched the speed of light.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Maxwell showed that electromagnetic waves propagate through vacuum with speed c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀) Using the known values of μ₀ and ε₀ gives approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s, which is the speed of light. This result led Maxwell to conclude that light is electromagnetic in nature.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Incorrect dimensional relation.
�� Option C → Incorrect mathematical expression.
�� Option D → Not derived from Maxwell's equations.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Formula Recall

Application:

Recall the standard electromagnetic wave velocity equation.

Final Logic:

The speed of electromagnetic waves is 1/√(μ₀ε₀).

🧠 Memory Trick

Light Speed = 1/√(με)

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

3 For a parallel plate capacitor being charged by current i(t), if one evaluates the loop integral ∮B·dl for a tiffin-shaped surface passing through the interior between the plates using the un-generalised Ampere's circuital law, the result will be

A μ₀ i(t)

B μ₀ id(t)

C 0

D ε₀μ₀(dΦE/dt)

💡 Short Explanation

�� Original Ampere's law considered only conduction current. �� No conduction current crosses the capacitor gap. �� This produced a contradiction.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

For a surface passing between the capacitor plates, no conduction current is enclosed. According to the original Ampere's circuital law: ∮B·dl = μ₀ienclosed Since ienclosed = 0, ∮B·dl = 0 This contradiction motivated Maxwell to introduce displacement current.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Applies to a surface cutting the wire.
�� Option B → Uses Maxwell's displacement current correction.
�� Option D → Represents the Maxwell correction term.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Recall the charging capacitor paradox.

Final Logic:

No enclosed conduction current gives zero according to the original law.

🧠 Memory Trick

Gap = No Conduction Current

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Ampere's Law Inconsistency

4 Consider the statements analyzing the contradiction in Ampere's Law. Choose the correct statements.
1. Applying the law to a plane circular loop gives B(2πr) = μ₀i.
2. Applying the law to a pot-like surface with the same boundary gives no enclosed conduction current.
3. The magnetic field at point P suddenly physically drops to zero depending on the surface chosen.
4. The inconsistency reveals that the original law lacks a term related to the changing electric field.

A 1, 2, 3

B 1, 2, 4

C 2, 3, 4

D 1, 3, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� Different surfaces produced different mathematical results. �� Physical fields cannot depend on surface choice. �� Maxwell introduced displacement current.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because a plane surface cutting the wire encloses current i and gives B(2πr) = μ₀i. Statement 2 is correct because the pot-like surface passing between the plates encloses no conduction current. Statement 4 is correct because the contradiction revealed that Ampere's law lacked a term involving changing electric flux. Statement 3 is incorrect because the magnetic field does not physically change when a different surface is selected.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Includes Statement 3.
�� Option C → Includes Statement 3.
�� Option D → Includes Statement 3.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

Remove all options containing Statement 3.

Final Logic:

The contradiction arises from the equation, not from a changing magnetic field.

🧠 Memory Trick

Different Surface, Same Field

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Capacitor Paradox and Maxwell's Correction

5 In a region where there is no physical flow of charge but a changing electric field E exists over an area A, the displacement current

A evaluates to zero because conduction current is zero.

B acts as a source of magnetic field proportional to the rate of change of E.

C creates an inconsistency in Maxwell's equations.

D prevents the formation of electromagnetic waves.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Displacement current arises from changing electric fields. �� It produces magnetic fields. �� It is essential for electromagnetic waves.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Maxwell introduced displacement current to account for magnetic effects arising from changing electric fields. The displacement current is proportional to the rate of change of electric flux and acts as a source of magnetic field just as conduction current does. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Displacement current can exist even when conduction current is zero.
�� Option C → It removes inconsistencies.
�� Option D → It is necessary for electromagnetic wave propagation.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Associate displacement current with magnetic field generation.

Final Logic:

Changing electric fields generate magnetic fields.

🧠 Memory Trick

Changing E → B

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Displacement Current

6 Current types primarily responsible for generating the magnetic field at a point just outside the connecting wire and at a point strictly inside the capacitor plates:

A Conduction, Conduction

B Displacement, Displacement

C Conduction, Displacement

D Displacement, Conduction

💡 Short Explanation

�� Wire contains conduction current. �� Capacitor gap contains displacement current. �� Both produce magnetic fields.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The magnetic field outside the connecting wire is produced by conduction current due to moving charges. Inside the capacitor plates, there is no conduction current through the gap. The magnetic field is produced by displacement current associated with the changing electric field. Hence the correct sequence is Conduction, Displacement.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Capacitor gap contains no conduction current.
�� Option B → Wire magnetic field is due to conduction current.
�� Option D → Reversed order.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Identify the current present in each region.

Final Logic:

Wire → ic, Capacitor Gap → id.

🧠 Memory Trick

Wire = ic, Gap = id

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Conduction and Displacement Current

7 The variation of electric flux dΦE/dt between the plates of a charging capacitor

A depends on the rate of change of charge dQ/dt on the plates

B is inversely proportional to the area of the plates

C depends on the steady state current after charging is complete

D implies a changing magnetic flux through the same surface

💡 Short Explanation

�� Electric flux depends on charge. �� Charging changes flux. �� Displacement current depends on dQ/dt.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Using Gauss's law: ΦE = Q/ε₀ Differentiating with respect to time, dΦE/dt = (1/ε₀)(dQ/dt) Thus the variation of electric flux directly depends on the rate of charge accumulation on the plates.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Not the governing dependence.
�� Option C → After charging, dQ/dt becomes zero.
�� Option D → Not necessarily implied.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Formula Recall

Application:

Apply the relation ΦE = Q/ε₀.

Final Logic:

Flux variation follows charge variation.

🧠 Memory Trick

Charge Change → Flux Change

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Electric Flux Variation

8 Choose the incorrect statement regarding the missing term ε₀(dΦE/dt) in Ampere's Law

A It resolves the contradiction in finding the magnetic field using different surfaces.

B It equates to the conduction current in the connecting wires outside the plates.

C It represents a physical flow of electrons across the vacuum between the plates.

D It is called Maxwell's displacement current.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Displacement current is not actual charge flow. �� It arises from changing electric fields. �� It resolves Ampere's law inconsistency.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Option C is incorrect because displacement current does not involve electrons physically crossing the vacuum or dielectric gap. It is associated with a changing electric field and produces magnetic effects equivalent to conduction current.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correct purpose of displacement current.
�� Option B → Equal to wire current during charging.
�� Option D → Correct terminology.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

Identify the statement confusing displacement current with charge transport.

Final Logic:

Displacement current is field-based, not electron-based.

🧠 Memory Trick

id ≠ Electron Flow

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Maxwell's Displacement Current

9 When applying the generalised Ampere-Maxwell law to a circuit with a charging capacitor,

A the line integral of B depends only on the conduction current enclosed.

B the total current passing through any surface bounded by the closed loop remains constant.

C the magnetic field inside the capacitor becomes mathematically zero.

D displacement current and conduction current cancel each other out.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell's correction restores consistency. �� Total current includes ic and id. �� Results become surface independent.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The generalized Ampere-Maxwell law is ∮B·dl = μ₀(ic + id) Because the sum of conduction current and displacement current remains constant for all surfaces bounded by the same loop, the contradiction disappears. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Displacement current must also be included.
�� Option C → Magnetic field inside is not zero.
�� Option D → The currents add rather than cancel.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Formula Recall

Application:

Use the Ampere-Maxwell equation.

Final Logic:

The total current remains constant through any valid surface.

🧠 Memory Trick

ic + id = Constant Current

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Generalised Ampere-Maxwell Law

10 Match List I with List II

List I	List II
1. Inside the connecting wires	a. Both ic and id are present
2. Between the ideal capacitor plates	b. Neither ic nor id is present
3. Inside a leaky capacitor (dielectric with conductivity)	c. Only ic is present
4. In a circuit with a steady DC current (capacitor fully charged)	d. Only id is present

A 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b

B 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b

C 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a

D 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

💡 Short Explanation

�� Wires carry conduction current. �� Ideal capacitor gap carries displacement current. �� Leaky dielectrics allow both.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1 → c because connecting wires contain only conduction current. 2 → d because the ideal capacitor gap contains only displacement current. 3 → a because a leaky dielectric permits both conduction current and displacement current. 4 → b because after full charging under steady DC conditions, neither current exists. Thus the correct matching is: 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Reverses wire and capacitor behavior.
�� Option C → Incorrect assignment for the leaky capacitor.
�� Option D → Multiple mismatched pairs.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option Grouping

Application:

Match each region with the current type physically present.

Final Logic:

Only Option A correctly matches all four cases.

🧠 Memory Trick

Wire–ic, Gap–id, Leaky–Both, DC–None

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Conduction vs Displacement Current

11 If a capacitor has area A, and the electric field E between plates is increasing at a rate dE/dt, the displacement current id equals the conduction current ic in the wires. The value of ic will be

A ε₀A(dE/dt)

B (A/ε₀)(dE/dt)

C μ₀A(dE/dt)

D (ε₀/A)(dE/dt)

💡 Short Explanation

�� Displacement current equals conduction current during charging. �� Electric flux equals EA. �� Use Maxwell's displacement current formula.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

For a parallel plate capacitor, ΦE = EA Therefore, id = ε₀(dΦE/dt) = ε₀A(dE/dt) Since id = ic during charging, ic = ε₀A(dE/dt) Hence Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Incorrect placement of ε₀.
�� Option C → μ₀ does not appear in displacement current expression.
�� Option D → Incorrect dimensional form.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Substitution

Application:

Substitute ΦE = EA into Maxwell's displacement current equation.

Final Logic:

ic = id = ε₀A(dE/dt).

🧠 Memory Trick

id = ε₀ × Area × Field Rate

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Displacement Current Calculation

12 The physical effects of displacement current are:

A are completely different from those of conduction current

B do not include the generation of a magnetic field

C are identical to those of conduction current in generating magnetic fields

D are restricted only to perfect insulators

💡 Short Explanation

�� Displacement current produces magnetic fields. �� Maxwell treated it as equivalent to conduction current magnetically. �� It resolves Ampere's law inconsistency.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Displacement current generates magnetic fields exactly as conduction current does in Ampere-Maxwell law. This equivalence is the basis for explaining magnetic fields inside charging capacitors. Therefore Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Magnetic effects are not different.
�� Option B → Displacement current does generate magnetic fields.
�� Option D → It is not restricted to perfect insulators.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Connect displacement current to its magnetic effects.

Final Logic:

Both currents produce magnetic fields.

🧠 Memory Trick

id behaves like ic

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Physical Effects of Displacement Current

13 Choose the correct statements about the scope of Maxwell's Equations
1. They mathematically unify the basic laws of electromagnetism.
2. They show that stationary charges produce electromagnetic waves.
3. They incorporate Faraday's law of induction.
4. They reveal that the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is c.

A 1, 2, 3

B 1, 3, 4

C 2, 3, 4

D 1, 2, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell's equations unify electromagnetism. �� They include Faraday's law. �� They predict electromagnetic wave speed.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Maxwell's equations combine the fundamental laws of electromagnetism. Statement 3 is correct because Faraday's law is one of Maxwell's equations. Statement 4 is correct because Maxwell derived the electromagnetic wave velocity equal to c. Statement 2 is incorrect because stationary charges produce electric fields, not electromagnetic waves.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Includes Statement 2.
�� Option C → Includes Statement 2.
�� Option D → Includes Statement 2.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

Remove all options containing Statement 2.

Final Logic:

Electromagnetic waves require accelerating charges or changing fields.

🧠 Memory Trick

Maxwell = Laws + Waves + c

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Maxwell's Equations

14 Mathematical framework components and their primary application domains:

A Field generation, Force on charges

B Force on charges, Field generation

C Static fields only, Dynamic fields only

D Nuclear forces, Electromagnetic forces

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell's equations describe fields. �� Lorentz force describes force on charges. �� Together they form classical electromagnetism.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Maxwell's equations determine how electric and magnetic fields are generated and evolve. Lorentz force law determines how charges move under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. Hence the correct pairing is Field generation, Force on charges.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Reverses the roles.
�� Option C → Maxwell's equations cover both static and dynamic fields.
�� Option D → Nuclear forces are unrelated.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Associate each equation set with its physical role.

Final Logic:

Maxwell generates fields; Lorentz gives force.

🧠 Memory Trick

Maxwell → Fields, Lorentz → Force

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Maxwell's Equations and Lorentz Force

15 Choose the incorrect statement about the symmetry introduced by Maxwell's displacement current

A It provides the symmetrical counterpart to Faraday's law of induction.

B It establishes that time-dependent electric and magnetic fields give rise to each other.

C It makes the laws of electricity and magnetism perfectly symmetrical in all respects including the existence of monopoles.

D It quantitatively connects a changing electric field to an induced magnetic field.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Magnetic monopoles have not been observed. �� Symmetry is not perfect. �� Displacement current improves symmetry.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Option C is incorrect because perfect symmetry would require magnetic monopoles analogous to electric charges. Since no magnetic monopoles have been experimentally observed, the symmetry is not complete. Options A, B and D correctly describe Maxwell's contribution.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correct statement.
�� Option B → Correct statement.
�� Option D → Correct statement.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

Identify the statement requiring magnetic monopoles.

Final Logic:

Absence of monopoles prevents perfect symmetry.

🧠 Memory Trick

No Monopoles → No Perfect Symmetry

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Symmetry in Electromagnetism

16 Consequences of the absence of magnetic monopoles:
1. Gauss's law for magnetism evaluates the surface integral ∮B·dA to zero.
2. There are no known isolated sources of magnetic field analogous to electric charges.
3. The symmetry between electricity and magnetism is not perfectly absolute.
4. Faraday's law of induction becomes invalid.

A 1, 2, 4

B 1, 2, 3

C 2, 3, 4

D 1, 3, 4

💡 Short Explanation

�� No magnetic monopoles are known. �� Net magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero. �� Symmetry remains incomplete.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Gauss's law for magnetism gives ∮B·dA = 0 Statement 2 is correct because no isolated magnetic charges have been observed. Statement 3 is correct because the absence of monopoles breaks perfect symmetry. Statement 4 is incorrect because Faraday's law remains valid.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Includes Statement 4.
�� Option C → Includes Statement 4.
�� Option D → Includes Statement 4.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Elimination

Application:

Remove all options containing Statement 4.

Final Logic:

Faraday's law is independent of magnetic monopole existence.

🧠 Memory Trick

No Monopoles → Flux Zero

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Gauss's Law for Magnetism

17 If the net magnetic flux through a closed surface in a vacuum is to be evaluated, what will be the value according to Gauss's Law for magnetism?

A μ₀i

B Q/ε₀

C 0

D -dΦE/dt

💡 Short Explanation

�� Magnetic monopoles do not exist. �� Magnetic field lines form closed loops. �� Net magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Gauss's law for magnetism states ∮B·dA = 0 This means the total magnetic flux through any closed surface is always zero. Therefore Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Related to Ampere's law.
�� Option B → Gauss's law for electricity.
�� Option D → Related to Faraday's law.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Formula Recall

Application:

Recall Gauss's law for magnetism.

Final Logic:

Closed surface magnetic flux is always zero.

🧠 Memory Trick

Magnetic Flux Closed = Zero

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Gauss's Law for Magnetism

18 In a vacuum where no charges are present, if a time-varying magnetic flux ΦB exists, the line integral of the electric field ∮E·dl around a loop is

A μ₀ε₀(dΦB/dt)

B -(dΦB/dt)

C (dΦB/dt)

D 0

💡 Short Explanation

�� Faraday's law links changing magnetic flux and induced electric field. �� Negative sign follows Lenz's law. �� Changing B creates E.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Faraday's law is ∮E·dl = -dΦB/dt The negative sign indicates that the induced electric field opposes the change in magnetic flux. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Incorrect expression.
�� Option C → Missing negative sign.
�� Option D → Changing flux induces electric field.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Formula Recall

Application:

Apply Faraday's law directly.

Final Logic:

Induced electric field equals negative rate of change of magnetic flux.

🧠 Memory Trick

Changing B → Opposing E

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Faraday's Law

19 When testing the prediction of displacement current, measuring the magnetic field at a point M inside the capacitor plates and comparing it to point P just outside

A shows that the field at M is physically zero.

B verifies the existence of displacement current by showing the fields are the same.

C demonstrates that conduction current permeates the vacuum.

D proves that electric fields do not vary with time.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Displacement current produces magnetic fields. �� Magnetic field exists inside the capacitor gap. �� Maxwell's prediction is experimentally verified.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

If displacement current exists, the magnetic field inside the capacitor gap should equal the magnetic field predicted outside by conduction current. Observing equal fields verifies Maxwell's displacement current concept. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Magnetic field is not zero.
�� Option C → No conduction current crosses the vacuum gap.
�� Option D → Charging requires changing electric fields.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Relate magnetic field measurements to displacement current theory.

Final Logic:

Equal magnetic fields confirm displacement current.

🧠 Memory Trick

Same B → Maxwell Correct

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Experimental Verification of Displacement Current

20 Match List I with List II

List I	List II
1. James Clerk Maxwell	a. Transmitted EM waves over many kilometers
2. Heinrich Hertz	b. Unified laws into a consistent set of equations
3. J.C. Bose	c. First to experimentally demonstrate EM waves
4. Guglielmo Marconi	d. Produced EM waves of 25 mm to 5 mm wavelength

A 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

B 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d

C 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a

D 1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-b

💡 Short Explanation

�� Maxwell developed electromagnetic theory. �� Hertz experimentally verified EM waves. �� Bose worked with millimetre waves. �� Marconi developed long-distance radio transmission.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1 → b because Maxwell unified electromagnetism into a consistent mathematical framework. 2 → c because Hertz first experimentally generated and detected electromagnetic waves. 3 → d because J.C. Bose produced electromagnetic waves of wavelengths ranging approximately from 25 mm to 5 mm. 4 → a because Marconi transmitted electromagnetic waves over large distances and pioneered radio communication. Thus the correct matching is: 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Incorrect Maxwell-Hertz assignments.
�� Option C → Incorrect Hertz-Bose assignments.
�� Option D → Incorrect Maxwell-Marconi assignments.

🎯 Strategy

Used

Option Grouping

Application:

Match each scientist with their major contribution.

Final Logic:

Only Option A correctly pairs all four scientists and achievements.

🧠 Memory Trick

Maxwell–Theory, Hertz–Proof, Bose–mm Waves, Marconi–Radio

📚 Class XII – Physics Part I – Chapter: Electromagnetic Waves – Topic: Historical Development and Experimental Verification of Electromagnetic Waves

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