CUET UG Biology Booster Test 2 Infertility and ART Techniques -

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CUET UG Biology Booster Test 2 Infertility and ART Techniques

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Biology Booster Test 2 Infertility and ART Techniques

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Why do sexually transmitted infections often remain undetected for a long time in females, leading to PID?

Answer Review

1 Why do sexually transmitted infections often remain undetected for a long time in females, leading to PID?

A Symptoms are too severe to ignore

B Females are always symptomatic

C Infected females may often be asymptomatic

D There is no social stigma attached

💡 Short Explanation

Many STIs (e.g., Chlamydia, Gonorrhe A) cause mild or no noticeable symptoms in the early stages in females. Because symptoms are absent or minor, individuals do not seek medical attention. This lack of treatment allows the infection to ascend from the vagina to the upper reproductive tract, causing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PI D).

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( C). In the context of reproductive health, many STIs are termed "silent" because they do not manifest acute clinical symptoms in women until complications like PID arise. PID occurs when the infection spreads to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Because the patient is asymptomatic, the infection remains untreated, leading to permanent damage such as scarring of the fallopian tubes.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → If symptoms were severe, patients would seek immediate treatment, preventing long-term complications.
Option B → This is factually incorrect; a hallmark of many STIs is their asymptomatic nature, especially in women.
Option D → Social stigma is often high, which further discourages testing, but it is not the biological reason for the infection being "undetected" at a physiological level.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: By recognizing the biological reality that asymptomatic infections are a clinical challenge, we can rule out the options suggesting severe symptoms or universal presentation.

Final Logic: Asymptomatic nature is the primary reason for delayed diagnosis of STIs in females.

🧠 Memory Trick

"Silent STIs = Silent Damage."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: STIs –

2 Which condition is NOT listed as a potential long-term complication of untreated STIs?

A Cancer of the reproductive tract

B Still births

C Spontaneous twin pregnancies

D Pelvic inflammatory diseases

💡 Short Explanation

Untreated STIs lead to severe reproductive damage. Documented complications include PID, abortions, stillbirths, ectopic pregnancies, and cancer. Spontaneous twin pregnancies are a biological occurrence, not a pathological complication of STIs.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( C). Untreated STIs (like Syphilis or Gonorrhe A) can cause irreparable damage to the reproductive system. However, they do not cause "spontaneous twin pregnancies." Twins result from either the release of two ova (dizygoti C) or the splitting of one zygote (monozygoti C), which is independent of STI infection status.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Untreated chronic infections can lead to tissue dysplasia and eventual cancer of the reproductive tract.
Option B → STIs can cause placental infections, leading to stillbirths.
Option D → PID is one of the most common and direct complications of untreated ascending STIs.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Fact Checking

Application: Identify the "odd one out" by distinguishing between pathological complications and natural biological variations.

Final Logic: Twin pregnancy is a natural reproductive outcome, not a disease complication.

🧠 Memory Trick

"STI Complications: PID, Cancer, Stillbirth, Ectopic, Infertility." (Remember PSC EI).

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: STIs –

3 Match the cause of infertility with the clinical approach:

List I	List II
1. Correctable disorder	a. ART techniques
2. Non-correctable disorder	b. Infertility clinics
3. Congenital factor	c. Diagnosis and treatment
4. Psychological factor	d. Specialised healthcare units

A 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iv

B 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv

C 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-ii, 4-i

D 1-ii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-iii

💡 Short Explanation

Correctable disorders are addressed via diagnosis and treatment. Non-correctable issues require ART. Congenital factors are evaluated in infertility clinics. Psychological factors require specialized counseling/healthcare units.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( A). 1-iii: Disorders that can be corrected are handled by specific diagnosis and medical treatment. 2-i: In cases where the condition is non-correctable, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are employed. 3-ii: Infertility clinics provide the infrastructure to diagnose congenital (present from birth) structural defects. 4-iv: Psychological infertility (stress, anxiety affecting fertility) is managed by specialized healthcare/counseling units.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B, C, D → These do not align with the logical flow of medical triage in reproductive health services.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application: Link the severity of the cause with the intensity of the intervention.

Final Logic: Logical pairing of clinical severity to the corresponding medical intervention.

🧠 Memory Trick

"Correct-Treat, Non-correct-ART."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: Infertility –

4 Why is it incorrect to solely blame the female for a couple being childless in the Indian context?

A Females are never the cause of infertility

B The problem more often lies in the male partner

C Infertility is only a psychological issue

D Physical factors are only present in males

💡 Short Explanation

Infertility is a joint responsibility. Studies show that male-factor infertility is as common, if not more common, than female-factor. Cultural bias often unfairly blames the woman.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). In many societies, including the Indian context, women are often incorrectly blamed for infertility. However, medical statistics show that infertility can be caused by physical, congenital, immunological, or psychological factors in either the male or the female. Therefore, it is clinically inaccurate and socially unjust to attribute the cause solely to the female.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Females can certainly have factors contributing to infertility (e.g., ovulatory issues).
Option C → Infertility is a physical/biological condition, not "only" psychological.
Option D → Physical factors are present in both genders.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Understanding the socio-medical stance provided in the curriculum regarding gender equality in infertility.

Final Logic: Infertility is a couple-based issue with equal contribution possibilities.

🧠 Memory Trick

"It takes two to tango; it takes two to diagnose."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: Infertility –

5 Regarding the "test tube baby" program:
I. Ova and sperms are induced to form a zygote in a laboratory.
II. Fertilisation occurs within the female's body (in-vivo).

A I is true, II is false

B I is false, II is true

C Both I and II are true

D Both I and II are false

💡 Short Explanation

Test tube baby (IVF) involves in-vitro (outside body) fertilization. Statement I is the definition of IVF. Statement II is the definition of in-vivo, which is the opposite of IVF.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is (A). "Test tube baby" refers to In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), where fertilisation takes place outside the female body under simulated conditions. Statement II suggests in-vivo (within the body) fertilisation, which contradicts the core principle of the IVF technique.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Reverses the truth value of the statements.
Option C → Incorrect because Statement II describes natural/in-vivo fertilisation.
Option D → Incorrect because Statement I correctly describes the lab-based zygote formation.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application: Substitute "In-Vitro" for "outside" and "In-Vivo" for "inside" to verify the statements.

Final Logic: IVF = In Vitro (outside), therefore statement II is false.

🧠 Memory Trick

"In-Vitro = Glass (Test tube), In-Vivo = Life (Body)."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: IVF –

6 Embryos formed by in-vivo fertilisation can be used for transfer to assist females who:

A Can produce their own ova

B Cannot conceive normally

C Have a very high sperm count

D Do not require simulated conditions

💡 Short Explanation

ART is specifically for couples who cannot conceive through natural intercourse. The goal is to overcome physiological barriers to pregnancy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). The entire purpose of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is to provide a solution for couples who are infertile and cannot conceive through natural intercourse. While ( A) might be true for some procedures, the overarching reason for seeking any ART intervention is the inability to conceive normally.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Not always true; some donors provide ova for those who cannot produce them.
Option C → High sperm count is not a cause for requiring ART.
Option D → ART requires simulated conditions (especially IVF); this is a contradictory statement.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Eliminate options that describe healthy, fertile conditions or contradictory lab requirements.

Final Logic: ART exists because of the inability to conceive naturally.

🧠 Memory Trick

"ART = Assisting Reproductive Troubles."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: ART –

7 Arrange the following based on the timeline of ZIFT:
1.Zygote formation in laboratory
1. Embryo reaches up to 8 blastomeres
1. Transfer into fallopian tube

A 1-2-3

B 3-2-1

C 2-1-3

D 1-3-2

💡 Short Explanation

Step 1: Fertilization occurs to form the Zygote. Step 2: The zygote undergoes cleavage (early embryo stage) up to 8 cells. Step 3: This stage is transferred into the fallopian tube.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( A). Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) involves fertilisation in the lab, followed by culture until the embryo reaches the 8-cell (blastomere) stage. Once it reaches this stage, it is surgically transferred into the fallopian tube for natural implantation to continue.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options B, C, D → These scramble the biological sequence of development and clinical intervention.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Follow the chronological growth of the embryo in the laboratory setting.

Final Logic: Fertilization leads to cleavage, followed by implantation.

🧠 Memory Trick

"Fertilise → Transfer → Cleavage."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: ZIFT –

8 Why is the zygote transferred to the fallopian tube in ZIFT rather than the uterus?

A It has more than 8 blastomeres

B It has up to 8 blastomeres and follows the natural path

C The uterus is too hostile for early embryos

D To avoid the need for simulated conditions

💡 Short Explanation

ZIFT is specific to the "Zygote" or "Early Embryo" stage (up to 8 cells). In a natural pregnancy, the embryo travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. ZIFT mimics this natural journey.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). In natural conception, the zygote travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus. By transferring an embryo with 8 or fewer blastomeres directly into the fallopian tube, the procedure allows the embryo to complete its natural transit and implantation process, thereby increasing the chances of successful pregnancy.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → If it had more than 8 blastomeres, it would be an IUT procedure, not ZIFT.
Option C → The uterus is the natural place for implantation, but early embryos require the fallopian tube environment first.
Option D → Simulated conditions are used in the lab; the transfer is just the final step.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Differentiate ZIFT (fallopian) from IUT (uterine) based on embryo development stage.

Final Logic: ZIFT = Fallopian = up to 8 cells.

🧠 Memory Trick

"ZIFT = Z for Zygote, F for Fallopian."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: ZIFT –

9 Arrange the stages for Intra Uterine Transfer:
1. Fertilisation in laboratory
2. Development beyond 8 blastomeres
3. Transfer into the uterus

A 1-2-3

B 2-1-3

C 3-2-1

D 1-3-2

💡 Short Explanation

The sequence begins with development beyond 8 blastomeres. This is followed by fertilisation in the laboratory. Finally, the embryo is transferred into the uterus.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

According to the given sequence: (2) Development beyond 8 blastomeres is placed first. (1) Fertilisation in the laboratory follows. (3) The embryo is then transferred into the uterus. Thus, the sequence 2 → 1 → 3 matches Option B.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A follows a different order and does not match the required sequence.
Option C begins with uterine transfer instead of the specified first step.
Option D transfers the embryo before the required sequence is completed.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Sequence Matching

Application:

Compare each option with the required sequence and identify the one that reproduces it exactly.

Final Logic:

Only Option B matches 2 → 1 → 3.

🧠 Memory Trick

>8 Cells → Fertilisation → Uterus

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: Intra Uterine Transfer (IUT)

10 Match the ART procedure with its specific transfer site:

List I	List II
1. ZIFT	a. Uterus
2. IUT	b. Fallopian tube
3. GIFT	c. Fallopian tube
4. AI	d. Vagina/Uterus

A 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-iv

B 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-iii

C 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii

D 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-ii, 4-i

💡 Short Explanation

ZIFT: Zygote to Fallopian Tube. IUT: Embryo to Uterus. GIFT: Gametes to Fallopian Tube. AI: Semen to Vagina/Uterus.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( A). This is a foundational matching of ART acronyms to their anatomical targets. 1-ii: ZIFT transfers the zygote to the fallopian tube. 2-i: IUT transfers the embryo to the uterus. 3-iii: GIFT transfers gametes to the fallopian tube. 4-iv: Artificial Insemination (AI) introduces semen into the female reproductive tract (vagina or uterus).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options B, C, D → Mismatched anatomical sites for the specific ART procedures.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application: Expand the acronyms to their definitions to verify the location.

Final Logic: Accurate mapping of anatomical sites to reproductive procedures.

🧠 Memory Trick

"ZIFT/GIFT = Fallopian Tube; IUT = Uterus."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: ART –

11 For which specific type of female is the GIFT technique most applicable?

A One who cannot provide a suitable environment for fertilisation

B One who cannot produce an ovum but can support development

C One with a healthy fallopian tube but no uterus

D One who produces too many ova

💡 Short Explanation

GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer) transfers donor ova into the fallopian tube of a recipient. This is designed for females who are unable to produce their own ova but whose reproductive tract can support the subsequent stages of pregnancy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). GIFT stands for Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer. It involves the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one but can provide a suitable environment for fertilisation and further development.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → If a female cannot provide a suitable environment for fertilisation, GIFT will not work because it relies on natural internal fertilisation.
Option C → A uterus is required for the development of the fetus; this option describes a condition where even IVF or GIFT would not lead to a full-term pregnancy.
Option D → Producing too many ova is not the criteria for needing an ovum donor; usually, stimulation protocols are adjusted for such cases.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Eliminate based on the definition of GIFT (donor ovum + recipient environment).

Final Logic: GIFT requires a functional internal environment for the gametes to fertilize and develop.

🧠 Memory Trick

A) go to Fallopian Tube."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: GIFT –

12 Which of the following is NOT required for a successful GIFT procedure?

A A donor ovum

B A recipient who can provide an environment for development

C Direct injection of sperm into the ovum

D Transfer of the ovum into the fallopian tube

💡 Short Explanation

GIFT allows fertilisation to occur inside the fallopian tube. Direct injection of sperm (ICSI) is a separate, more advanced laboratory technique.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( C). In GIFT, the ova and sperms are transferred into the fallopian tube, where fertilisation occurs naturally within the female body. Direct injection of sperm into the ovum is the definition of ICSI (Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection), not GIFT.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → A donor ovum is necessary if the female cannot produce her own.
Option B → The recipient's body must be capable of supporting the pregnancy.
Option D → The transfer of the ovum is the primary step of the GIFT technique.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Odd One Out

Application: Identify the procedure that involves laboratory manipulation of the egg vs. natural fertilisation.

Final Logic: GIFT = Natural fertilisation; ICSI = Lab-assisted fertilisation.

🧠 Memory Trick

"GIFT = Natural fertilization; ICSI = Artificial injection."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: GIFT –

13 Regarding ICSI and IVF:
I. Both can involve forming an embryo in a laboratory.
II. ICSI requires a sperm to be directly injected into the ovum.

A I is true, II is false

B I is false, II is true

C Both I and II are true

D Both I and II are false

💡 Short Explanation

Both are ART procedures conducted in a laboratory. ICSI is a specific type of IVF procedure that uses mechanical injection.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( C). Both IVF and ICSI are Assisted Reproductive Technologies conducted outside the body to form an embryo (Statement I). ICSI is a specialized procedure under the umbrella of IVF where a sperm is injected directly into the ovum to facilitate fertilisation, especially in cases of male infertility (Statement II).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options A, B, D → These are incorrect because both statements accurately describe the relationship between IVF and ICSI.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application: Verify the definitions of ICSI and IVF.

Final Logic: ICSI is a subtype of laboratory-based fertilisation (IVF).

🧠 Memory Trick

"ICSI = Injection into Cytoplasm."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: ICSI –

14 ICSI is considered a "specialised procedure" because it involves:

A Natural mating in a clinic

B Direct injection of a sperm into an ovum in the lab

C Simple introduction of semen into the vagina

D Transfer of more than 8 blastomeres to the fallopian tube

💡 Short Explanation

ICSI stands for Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection. It requires micro-manipulation tools to inject a single sperm into an egg.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). ICSI is "specialised" because it goes beyond standard IVF (where sperm and egg are placed together in a dish). It requires sophisticated equipment to physically insert one selected sperm directly into the cytoplasm of the egg, overcoming severe male infertility.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Natural mating does not happen in clinics.
Option C → This is Artificial Insemination (AI).
Option D → This describes IUT, not ICSI.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Associate "specialised" with high-tech micro-manipulation.

Final Logic: ICSI = Direct micro-injection.

🧠 Memory Trick

"I for Injection, C for Cytoplasm."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: ICSI –

15 Arrange the factors in a case of AI:
1. Identification of low sperm count in male
1. Semen collection from healthy donor
1. Artificial introduction into the female

A 1-2-3

B 2-1-3

C 3-2-1

D 1-3-2

💡 Short Explanation

Step 1: Diagnose the problem (low sperm count). Step 2: Collect semen from a donor to bypass the male partner. Step 3: Introduce the semen into the female reproductive tract.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( A). AI (Artificial Insemination) is indicated when the husband cannot inseminate or has low sperm counts (Step 1). A donor's semen is then collected (Step 2) and artificially introduced into the wife's vagina or uterus (Step 3).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Options B, C, D → Incorrect sequence of clinical diagnosis and procedure.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Follow the logical medical workflow: Diagnosis -> Solution -> Procedure.

Final Logic: Diagnosis leads to the selection of the donor, followed by the actual procedure.

🧠 Memory Trick

"AI = Diagnose, Collect, Inject."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: AI –

16 Artificial insemination is NOT typically chosen if the primary problem is:

A Inability of the male to inseminate

B Low sperm count in the ejaculate

C Female's inability to produce a healthy ovum

D Need for donor semen due to male infertility

💡 Short Explanation

AI addresses male fertility issues. If the female cannot produce an ovum, AI will not resolve the issue, as sperm introduction requires an egg for fertilization.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( C). Artificial Insemination focuses on delivering healthy sperm to the female reproductive tract. If the female herself cannot produce an ovum, AI alone will not lead to pregnancy; techniques like GIFT or IVF with a donor ovum would be required instead.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A, B, D → These are the primary indications for choosing AI.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Eliminate conditions that AI is specifically designed to treat.

Final Logic: AI is a male-focused solution (delivering sperm).

🧠 Memory Trick

"AI targets the Sperm, not the Egg."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: AI –

17 In comparison to vaginal insemination, IUI does NOT:

A Introduce semen into the uterus

B Require a healthy donor if the husband is infertile

C Involve transfer of an embryo into the fallopian tube

D Help correct low sperm counts

💡 Short Explanation

IUI stands for Intra-uterine Insemination. It is about sperm delivery, not embryo transfer (which is ZIFT or IUT).

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( C). IUI involves placing processed sperm directly into the uterus. It is not an embryo transfer procedure, which involves placing a fertilized embryo (like in ZIFT or IUT) into the reproductive tract.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → This is exactly what IUI does.
Option B → IUI often uses donor semen if the male partner's sperm count is critically low.
Option D → IUI is a primary technique to help correct/circumvent low sperm count issues.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application: Distinguish between insemination (sperm) and embryo transfer (fertilized egg).

Final Logic: IUI delivers sperm; embryo transfer is a different category.

🧠 Memory Trick

"IUI = Sperm into Uterus, not Embryo."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: IUI –

18 Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) is a specific form of:

A In vitro fertilisation

B Artificial insemination

C Embryo transfer

D Zygote transfer

💡 Short Explanation

IUI is a clinical sub-method of AI where sperm is washed and placed into the uterus.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). Intra-Uterine Insemination is a technique used to artificially deposit sperm into the female's uterus, bypassing the vagina, to increase the likelihood of fertilisation. It is classified under the broad category of Artificial Insemination (AI).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Fertilisation is not external in IUI.

Option C & D → These involve embryos or zygotes, whereas IUI involves sperm only.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Definition Matching

Application: Categorize IUI under the umbrella of AI.

Final Logic: IUI = A type of AI.

🧠 Memory Trick

"IUI is a smarter version of AI."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: IUI/AI –

📄 Passage

Infections or diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted infections (STI)... These could lead to complications later, which include pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), abortions, still births, ectopic pregnancies, infertility or even cancer of the reproductive tract. STIs are a major threat to a healthy society.

Based on the passage, why are STIs considered a "major threat to a healthy society"?

A They are always fatal immediately

B They lead to severe long-term reproductive health complications

C They decrease the population growth rate significantly

D They are only found in persons over 60 years old

💡 Short Explanation

The passage lists long-term effects: PID, abortion, stillbirth, infertility, and cancer. These impact not just individuals, but the overall reproductive health of society.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). As explicitly stated in the passage, STIs are a threat because they cause severe, lasting damage such as PID, ectopic pregnancies, infertility, and reproductive tract cancer, which have long-term consequences for the health and well-being of the population.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → STIs are not usually immediately fatal.
Option C → While they affect fertility, the "threat" described in the text centers on complications (PID, Cancer), not broad population demographics.
Option D → STIs affect all age groups, particularly the sexually active population.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application: Direct reference to the passage provided.

Final Logic: Passage identifies complications as the threat.

🧠 Memory Trick

"STI = Serious, Total, Impact."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: STI complications –

📄 Passage

According to the passage, which complication specifically involves the pregnancy being located outside the uterus?

A Still births

B Ectopic pregnancies

C Pelvic inflammatory diseases

D Infertility

💡 Short Explanation

"Ectopic" literally means out of place. The passage lists this as a specific complication.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The correct answer is ( B). An ectopic pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. This is listed in the passage as a complication of STIs.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → A stillbirth is a birth after 20 weeks gestation where the fetus shows no signs of life, but it happens in the uterus.
Option C → PID is inflammation of the pelvic organs.
Option D → Infertility is the inability to conceive.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Definition Matching

Application: Use medical terminology knowledge regarding "ectopic."

Final Logic: Ectopic = Outside the uterus.

🧠 Memory Trick

"Ectopic = Exit-topic (Outside)."

📚 Class XII – Biology – Chapter: Reproductive Health – Topic: STI Complications –

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