CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Social Inequality and Alternative Views -

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CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Social Inequality and Alternative Views

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Social Inequality and Alternative Views

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

How did the Brahmanical concept of purity directly influence social interactions?

Answer Review

1 How did the Brahmanical concept of purity directly influence social interactions?

A It encouraged inter-dining among all varnas.

B It mandated that Brahmanas must handle corpses to purify the soul.

C It led those considering themselves "pure" to avoid taking food from the "untouchables".

D It required Shudras to perform sacred rituals to attain purity.

💡 Short Explanation

Purity and pollution shaped social behavior. Untouchables were viewed as polluting. Food-sharing reflected social hierarchy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Brahmanical notion of purity distinguished certain activities and groups as pure or impure. Those who considered themselves pure avoided accepting food from people categorized as untouchables. This practice reinforced social distance and hierarchy. Therefore Option C correctly reflects the impact of purity concepts on everyday interactions.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Brahmanical norms promoted social separation, not universal inter-dining.
Option B → Handling corpses was viewed as polluting, not a Brahmana duty.
Option D → Shudras were not required to perform rituals to attain purity in this context.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Connect purity-pollution concepts with everyday social practices.

Final Logic:

Purity rules resulted in avoidance of food-sharing with untouchables.

🧠 Memory Trick

Purity → No Shared Food

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Purity and Untouchability

2 Assertion (A): The Brahmanical system placed chandalas at the very bottom of the social hierarchy.
Reason (R): They performed activities regarded as particularly "polluting," such as handling corpses and dead animals.

A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

C A is true, but R is false.

D A is false, but R is true.

💡 Short Explanation

Chandalas occupied the lowest social position. Their occupations were labeled polluting. Pollution ideology justified exclusion.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Assertion is correct because Brahmanical texts placed chandalas at the bottom of the social hierarchy. The Reason is also correct because they were associated with occupations such as handling corpses and dead animals, which were considered polluting. This perception directly explains their degraded social status. Hence Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
Option C → The Reason is historically accurate.
Option D → The Assertion is also correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Verify both statements and check the explanatory link.

Final Logic:

Pollution-based occupations explain the low status of chandalas.

🧠 Memory Trick

Chandala = Pollution Label

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Chandalas and Untouchability

📄 Passage

"Once, the Bodhisattva was born outside the city of Banaras as a chandala's son and named Matanga. One day, when he had gone to the city on some work, he encountered Dittha Mangalika... When she saw him, she exclaimed 'I have seen something inauspicious' and washed her eyes. The angry hangers-on then beat him up."

Based on the passage, what does the reaction of Dittha Mangalika and the hangers-on illustrate about the societal perception of chandalas?

A They were revered as spiritual guides.

B Even the sight of them was considered polluting and inauspicious.

C They were welcomed into urban markets for trade.

D They were treated as equals by merchant families.

💡 Short Explanation

Matanga was viewed negatively. Seeing him was considered inauspicious. Social prejudice was severe.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Dittha Mangalika's reaction of washing her eyes after seeing Matanga reflects the belief that contact with or even sight of a chandala was polluting. The subsequent beating reinforces the deep discrimination faced by such groups. Therefore Option B best captures the social attitude illustrated in the passage.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → The passage shows discrimination, not reverence.
Option C → No evidence suggests special commercial acceptance.
Option D → The passage clearly depicts unequal treatment.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Interpret the attitudes shown by actions in the passage.

Final Logic:

The reactions indicate beliefs about pollution and inauspiciousness.

🧠 Memory Trick

Wash Eyes = Inauspicious Sight

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Matanga Jataka

📄 Passage

According to the broader context of the passage and Buddhist sources, why might stories like the Matanga Jataka have been composed?

A To strictly enforce the rules of the Manusmriti.

B To prove that chandalas were fundamentally inferior.

C To record exact historical demographic data of Banaras.

D To highlight hints of different social realities and resistance against degradation.

💡 Short Explanation

Buddhist stories questioned hierarchy. They highlighted marginalized voices. Alternative social realities emerged.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Stories such as the Matanga Jataka provide perspectives often absent in Brahmanical texts. They show discrimination but also resistance and alternative moral viewpoints. Historians use them to explore social realities beyond normative prescriptions. Therefore Option D is the best explanation.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → The story does not promote Manusmriti rules.
Option B → The narrative challenges rather than justifies discrimination.
Option C → The purpose was moral and social, not demographic.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Identify the broader social message of the narrative.

Final Logic:

The story provides alternative perspectives on social inequality.

🧠 Memory Trick

Matanga = Voice of Resistance

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Non-Brahmanical Perspectives

5 Match the elements from the Matanga Jataka story:

List I	List II
1. Matanga's birth	a. Lay down at the door
2. Dittha Mangalika's action	b. Washed her eyes
3. Matanga's protest	c. Outside the city of Banaras
4. Mandavya Kumara's action	d. Refused alms to a chandala

A 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

B 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c

C 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d

D 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

💡 Short Explanation

Matanga was born outside Banaras. Dittha washed her eyes. Protest involved lying at the door.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Matanga was born outside Banaras (c). Dittha Mangalika washed her eyes after seeing him (b). Matanga protested by lying at the doorway (a). Mandavya Kumara refused alms to the chandala (d). Hence Option C correctly matches all elements.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrectly matches Matanga's birth.
Option B → Multiple pairings are misplaced.
Option D → Several events are incorrectly associated.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

Recall each event and pair it with the correct action.

Final Logic:

Only Option C correctly matches all four elements.

🧠 Memory Trick

Birth–Banaras, Eyes–Wash, Protest–Door

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Matanga Jataka Narrative

6 What was the core philosophy expressed by Matanga when his son Mandavya refused him food?

A Ignorance and pride of birth do not make one worthy of gifts.

B Brahmanas are naturally superior due to their knowledge of Vedas.

C Only Kshatriyas have the right to distribute alms.

D A chandala must accept his degraded status without question.

💡 Short Explanation

Birth does not determine worth. Ethical conduct is more important. Matanga challenged hierarchy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Matanga criticized the idea that birth alone grants superiority. He emphasized that arrogance and ignorance do not make a person worthy of respect or gifts. This reflects a moral challenge to inherited status and social prejudice. Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Matanga rejects birth-based superiority.
Option C → No such restriction is stated.
Option D → The story promotes resistance, not passive acceptance.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Identify the moral lesson conveyed by the narrative.

Final Logic:

The story rejects status based solely on birth.

🧠 Memory Trick

Worth ≠ Birth

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Matanga's Social Critique

7 Fill in the blank: The cumulative evidence, both epigraphic and textual, suggests that while upper-class women may have had access to resources, land, cattle, and money were generally _______ by men.

A Ignored

B Controlled

C Donated

D Destroyed

💡 Short Explanation

Patriarchal norms dominated society. Men usually controlled major resources. Women had limited property rights.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

NCERT notes that although some elite women possessed resources, most significant forms of wealth such as land, cattle, and money remained under male control. This pattern reflects the broader patriarchal structure of early Indian society. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Resources were actively managed, not ignored.
Option C → Donation is not the central point.
Option D → Wealth was not destroyed.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Connect resource ownership with patriarchal social structures.

Final Logic:

Major economic resources were generally controlled by men.

🧠 Memory Trick

Property → Patriarchy

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Gender and Property Rights

8 Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding women's property rights in early textual traditions?

A Women were warned against hoarding family property without permission.

B Women were allowed to acquire wealth through gifts given in front of the fire.

C Women could not claim a legal share of the paternal estate.

D Women possessed the legal right to stake the family treasury in games of dice.

💡 Short Explanation

Women had limited property rights. Stridhana was recognized. Family wealth remained male-controlled.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Textual traditions allowed women to possess certain forms of wealth such as gifts, but they did not grant them unrestricted authority over family property. There is no provision allowing women to stake family resources in gambling. Thus Option D is the incorrect statement.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Manusmriti contains such warnings.
Option B → Gifts received during marriage formed part of stridhana.
Option C → Women generally lacked equal inheritance rights.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Odd One Out

Application:

Identify the statement inconsistent with patriarchal property norms.

Final Logic:

Option D grants powers unsupported by early texts.

🧠 Memory Trick

Stridhana ≠ Treasury Control

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Women's Property Rights

9 Which famous queen provides epigraphic evidence of a woman having access to resources, deviating from general patriarchal norms?

A Kunti

B Draupadi

C Prabhavati Gupta

D Dittha Mangalika

💡 Short Explanation

Prabhavati Gupta exercised authority. Inscriptions record her role. She represents an exceptional case.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Prabhavati Gupta is known through inscriptions that demonstrate her access to power and resources. Her example is frequently cited by historians as evidence that some elite women could exercise authority despite prevailing patriarchal norms. Therefore Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Kunti is an epic character, not inscriptional evidence.
Option B → Draupadi is also an epic figure.
Option D → Dittha Mangalika is from a Jataka narrative.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Memory Recall

Application:

Recall the NCERT example of an exceptional ruling woman.

Final Logic:

Prabhavati Gupta is the key epigraphic example.

🧠 Memory Trick

Prabhavati = Powerful Queen

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Women and Power

10 Arrange the following texts reflecting changing social norms in chronological order:
1. Major Dharmasutras
2. Ashtadhyayi of Panini
3. Compilation of the Puranas
4. Manusmriti

A 1, 2, 3, 4

B 2, 1, 4, 3

C 3, 4, 1, 2

D 4, 3, 2, 1

💡 Short Explanation

Panini predates Dharmasutras. Manusmriti follows later. Puranas are compiled subsequently.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The generally accepted sequence is: Ashtadhyayi of Panini (c. 5th–4th century BCE), Major Dharmasutras (c. 500–200 BCE), Manusmriti (c. 200 BCE–200 CE), and later compilation of the Puranas. Therefore Option B presents the correct chronological order.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrectly places Dharmasutras before Panini.
Option C → Reverses the historical chronology.
Option D → Lists the sequence entirely backward.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Recall approximate historical dates of major texts.

Final Logic:

Panini → Dharmasutras → Manusmriti → Puranas.

🧠 Memory Trick

Panini → Dharma → Manu → Purana

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Dharmashastra Tradition and Social Norms

11 How does the Majjhima Nikaya text present a critique of the Brahmanical varna order regarding wealth?

A It confirms that Shudras can never accumulate wealth.

B It demonstrates that economic status can override varna-based servitude.

C It states that only Brahmanas are heirs to Brahma regardless of wealth.

D It argues that a Kshatriya king should confiscate Shudra wealth.

💡 Short Explanation

Wealth affects social relations. A wealthy Shudra could command servants. Buddhist texts challenged rigid hierarchy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In the Majjhima Nikaya dialogue, Kachchana asks whether a wealthy Shudra could employ people from higher varnas. Avantiputta agrees, showing that economic power could influence social relations. This critique weakened the idea that birth alone determined status. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → The dialogue assumes that Shudras can possess wealth.
Option C → This reflects Brahmanical ideology, not the Buddhist critique.
Option D → No such proposal appears in the text.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Identify the central argument of the Buddhist dialogue.

Final Logic:

The text emphasizes wealth as a practical challenge to birth-based hierarchy.

🧠 Memory Trick

Wealth > Varna (Majjhima)

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Buddhist Critique of Varna

12 Fill in the blank: In the Majjhima Nikaya dialogue, Avantiputta concedes to Kachchana that if a Shudra is wealthy, there is no ________ amongst the varnas in terms of commanding obedience.

A Purity

B Divinity

C Conflict

D Difference

💡 Short Explanation

Wealth alters social interactions. Status is not completely fixed. Avantiputta accepts practical equality.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The dialogue concludes that wealth can allow an individual of any varna to command obedience. Avantiputta therefore accepts that there is no difference among varnas in this particular context. This directly challenges rigid social ranking. Hence Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Purity is not the focus of the argument.
Option B → Divinity is unrelated to the dialogue's conclusion.
Option C → Conflict is not the missing term.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Follow the logical conclusion of the discussion.

Final Logic:

The dialogue ends by removing distinctions in terms of practical authority.

🧠 Memory Trick

Wealth Removes Difference

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Majjhima Nikaya Dialogue

13 Assertion (A): The Buddhists did not view social differences as rigid or natural.
Reason (R): The Sutta Pitaka states that humans originally lived in an idyllic, peaceful state before greed created inequalities.

A Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

B A is true, but R is false.

C Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

D A is false, but R is true.

💡 Short Explanation

Buddhists rejected fixed inequality. Social divisions emerged historically. Human actions created social differences.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Buddhist texts describe an original state of equality and harmony. According to the Sutta Pitaka, greed and selfishness gradually produced inequalities. Since social differences arose through human actions rather than divine design, Buddhists did not consider them natural or permanent. Therefore Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
Option B → The Reason is historically correct.
Option D → The Assertion is also correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Check both statements and verify the explanatory relationship.

Final Logic:

Human-created inequalities explain the Buddhist rejection of rigid hierarchy.

🧠 Memory Trick

Greed Created Inequality

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Sutta Pitaka and Social Origins

14 Which philosophy specifically rejected the idea of claims to high status on the basis of birth?

A Early Buddhism

B Manusmriti

C Dharmasutras

D Purusha Sukta

💡 Short Explanation

Buddhism challenged birth-based superiority. Merit mattered more than lineage. Alternative social ideas emerged.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Early Buddhism questioned the legitimacy of status based solely on birth. Buddhist teachings emphasized ethical conduct and personal actions rather than inherited rank. In contrast, the Manusmriti, Dharmasutras, and Purusha Sukta generally supported hierarchical social classifications. Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Manusmriti supported birth-based hierarchy.
Option C → Dharmasutras prescribed varna-based duties.
Option D → Purusha Sukta explained the divine origin of varnas.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Odd One Out

Application:

Identify the option that challenges rather than supports hierarchy.

Final Logic:

Only Buddhism rejects status claims based on birth.

🧠 Memory Trick

Buddha > Birth

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Buddhist Critique of Birth-Based Status

15 Match the text/concept with its central theme:

List I	List II
1. Purusha Sukta	a. Wealth overriding varna hierarchy
2. Majjhima Nikaya	b. Generosity of chiefs
3. Puranaruru	c. Social contract theory
4. Sutta Pitaka	d. Divine origin of Varnas

A 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

B 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

C 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c

D 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b

💡 Short Explanation

Purusha Sukta explains varna origin. Puranaruru praises generosity. Sutta Pitaka describes social contract.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Purusha Sukta presents the divine origin of varnas (d). Majjhima Nikaya emphasizes wealth over inherited rank (a). Puranaruru celebrates generous chiefs (b). Sutta Pitaka introduces a social contract explanation for kingship (c). Thus, Option C correctly matches all themes.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrectly exchanges several concepts.
Option B → Misplaces Sutta Pitaka and Purusha Sukta.
Option D → Contains multiple mismatches.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

Match each source with its best-known theme.

Final Logic:

Only Option C correctly aligns all four pairs.

🧠 Memory Trick

Purusha–Varna, Puranaruru–Generosity

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Alternative Social Ideas

16 What alternative social scenario does the Tamil Sangam literature primarily depict?

A A society strictly segregated by varna rules.

B A system where merchants ruled over kings.

C An economy solely based on foreign trade.

D A society where those controlling resources were expected to share them generously.

💡 Short Explanation

Generosity was highly valued. Chiefs supported bards and dependents. Sharing resources brought prestige.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Sangam literature portrays chiefs as patrons who acquired wealth and redistributed it generously. Their reputation depended on supporting poets, warriors, and dependents. This contrasts with rigid hierarchical models and highlights a culture of generosity. Therefore Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Sangam texts do not primarily focus on varna segregation.
Option B → Merchants did not rule over kings.
Option C → The economy was broader than foreign trade alone.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Identify the dominant value celebrated in Sangam poems.

Final Logic:

Generous redistribution is the central social ideal.

🧠 Memory Trick

Chief = Share Wealth

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Sangam Society and Generosity

17 Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the relationship between chiefs and bards in ancient Tamilakam?

A Chiefs were patrons who supported poets.

B Bards praised the chiefs' military and generous acts.

C Chiefs accumulated wealth strictly to enforce patrilineal succession without sharing.

D Bards used the display of their poverty to persuade chiefs to be generous.

💡 Short Explanation

Chiefs were expected to share wealth. Bards celebrated generosity. Hoarding contradicted Sangam ideals.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Sangam literature repeatedly praises chiefs who redistributed wealth and helped poets. Miserliness was criticized. Therefore the idea that chiefs accumulated wealth only to preserve succession and refused to share directly contradicts the values expressed in the poems. Hence Option C is incorrect.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Chiefs acted as patrons of poets.
Option B → Praise poetry celebrated bravery and generosity.
Option D → Bards often highlighted poverty to obtain support.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Odd One Out

Application:

Identify the statement that contradicts the central value of generosity.

Final Logic:

Hoarding wealth conflicts with Sangam ideals.

🧠 Memory Trick

Good Chief = Gives

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Bards and Chiefs

18 Assertion (A): In Sangam society, poets often sang praises of a chief's military endeavors.
Reason (R): The chief acquired wealth through warfare (like using a long spear) in order to fulfill his duty of sharing it with bards.

A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

C A is true, but R is false.

D A is false, but R is true.

💡 Short Explanation

Warfare brought resources. Chiefs redistributed wealth. Bards praised both achievements.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Poets praised military success because warfare often generated wealth and prestige. Chiefs were expected to share this wealth generously with dependents and bards. Thus military achievement and generosity were closely linked, making the Reason a correct explanation of the Assertion. Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
Option C → The Reason is historically supported.
Option D → The Assertion is also correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Test the truth of both statements and the explanatory link.

Final Logic:

Military success enabled generosity, which poets celebrated.

🧠 Memory Trick

Spear → Wealth → Gifts

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Sangam Chiefs and Bards

19 Fill in the blank: The Sutta Pitaka myth suggests that if human beings were responsible for the creation of the system of kingship, they could also _______ it in the future.

A Worship

B Change

C Inherit

D Export

💡 Short Explanation

Kingship arose through human choice. Institutions are not permanent. Society can reform itself.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Buddhist social contract theory argues that kingship emerged because people collectively chose a ruler. If humans created the institution, they also possess the capacity to modify or change it. This reflects recognition of human agency. Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Worship does not follow from the theory.
Option C → Inheritance is not the central idea.
Option D → Exporting kingship is irrelevant.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Extend the logic of human agency to its conclusion.

Final Logic:

Human-made institutions can be altered by humans.

🧠 Memory Trick

Created = Can Change

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Buddhist Social Contract Theory

20 According to the Buddhist social contract theory, the institution of kingship arose out of:

A A divine curse

B The natural superiority of Kshatriyas

C The commands of the Brahmanas

D Human choice and agency to regulate social conflict

💡 Short Explanation

Society faced disorder. People selected a ruler. Kingship emerged through collective agreement.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Sutta Pitaka explains that growing greed and conflict led people to choose a ruler, Mahasammata, to maintain order. The ruler was supported through taxes in return for services. This represents a social contract based on human choice rather than divine authority. Therefore Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Kingship was not explained as a divine curse.
Option B → Buddhist texts reject innate superiority.
Option C → The institution was not created by Brahmanical command.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Focus on the central idea of the Buddhist origin story.

Final Logic:

Kingship emerged through collective human action and agreement.

🧠 Memory Trick

Mahasammata = People's Choice

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part I – Chapter: Kinship, Caste and Class – Topic: Origin of Kingship in Sutta Pitaka

CUET UG History Booster Test 3 - Social Inequality and Alternative Views

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