CUET UG Chemistry Booster Test - 2Diazonium Salts
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QUESTION 1 OF 20
In the general formula for diazonium salts (ArN₂⁺X⁻), what is the correct identity of the components?
QUESTION 2 OF 20
What is the IUPAC name of the compound C₆H₅N₂⁺HSO₄⁻?
QUESTION 3 OF 20
Why are arenediazonium salts more stable than alkyldiazonium salts?
QUESTION 4 OF 20
Aliphatic amines form highly unstable diazonium salts. According to the text, what gas is liberated quantitatively during this process?
QUESTION 5 OF 20
During the preparation of diazonium salts, nitrous acid is not added directly. How is it produced?
QUESTION 6 OF 20
Identify the reaction type:
The conversion of primary aromatic amines to diazonium salts is called:
QUESTION 7 OF 20
Arrange the optimal temperatures for the following processes in increasing order:
Diazotisation of aniline
Hydrolysis of diazonium salt to phenol
Heating anilinium hydrogensulphate to form sulphanilic acid
QUESTION 8 OF 20
Why is the diazonium salt not generally stored?
QUESTION 9 OF 20
List 1 (Diazonium Compound) | List 2 (Behavior Towards Water)
| List 1 | List 2 |
|---|---|
| 1. Benzenediazonium chloride (cold) | a. Soluble and stable |
| 2. Benzenediazonium chloride (warm) | b. Reacts to form phenol |
| 3. Benzenediazonium fluoroborate | c. Insoluble in water |
QUESTION 10 OF 20
What happens to benzenediazonium chloride if it is left to dry completely?
QUESTION 11 OF 20
QUESTION 12 OF 20
QUESTION 13 OF 20
If you want to introduce a bromine atom into a benzene ring using copper powder and HBr, the reaction is known as:
QUESTION 14 OF 20
Consider the following regarding Sandmeyer and Gattermann reactions:
Both reactions introduce halogens into the benzene ring.
Sandmeyer uses Cu(I) ion while Gattermann uses copper powder.
Gattermann reaction provides a better yield than Sandmeyer.
QUESTION 15 OF 20
When benzenediazonium chloride is treated with potassium iodide, what is the main organic product?
QUESTION 16 OF 20
Which reducing agent is oxidised to phosphorous acid when reducing a diazonium salt to an arene?
QUESTION 17 OF 20
In a coupling reaction, at which position does the phenol molecule predominantly couple with the diazonium salt?
QUESTION 18 OF 20
Identify the reaction type:
The coupling reaction of a diazonium salt with aniline is an example of:
QUESTION 19 OF 20
Why are diazonium salts considered important for synthesizing aryl fluorides and iodides?
QUESTION 20 OF 20
Arrange the following compounds based on their molecular mass (from lowest to highest):
I. Benzene
II. Chlorobenzene
III. Benzenediazonium chloride
Test Complete!
Answer Review
1 In the general formula for diazonium salts (ArN₂⁺X⁻), what is the correct identity of the components?
�� Ar represents an aromatic (aryl) group. �� X⁻ acts as the counter anion. �� Common anions include Cl⁻ and BF₄⁻.
- Diazonium salts have the general formula ArN₂⁺X⁻. → Here, Ar denotes an aryl group such as phenyl (C₆H₅–). → X⁻ is an anion such as chloride, bromide, hydrogensulphate, or fluoroborate. → Thus Option B correctly identifies both components.
- �� Option A → Ar is not an alkyl group.
- �� Option C → X is an anion, not a metal ion.
- �� Option D → Ar is not an amine group and X is not a halogen gas.
Used
- Elimination
Application:
- �� Identify the correct meaning of Ar and X⁻ in diazonium salts.
Final Logic:
- �� Ar = aryl group and X⁻ = counter anion.
- Ar = Aromatic Ring
2 What is the IUPAC name of the compound C₆H₅N₂⁺HSO₄⁻?
�� C₆H₅N₂⁺ is the benzenediazonium ion. �� HSO₄⁻ is hydrogensulphate ion. �� Both combine to form benzenediazonium hydrogensulphate.
- The cation is benzenediazonium ion. → The counter ion is hydrogensulphate (HSO₄⁻). → Therefore the correct name is Benzenediazonium hydrogensulphate.
- �� Option A → Contains chloride instead of hydrogensulphate.
- �� Option C → Not accepted nomenclature.
- �� Option D → Incorrect naming format.
Used
- Substitution
Application:
- �� Identify cation and anion separately.
Final Logic:
- �� Benzenediazonium + HSO₄⁻ = Benzenediazonium hydrogensulphate.
- HSO₄⁻ → Hydrogensulphate
3 Why are arenediazonium salts more stable than alkyldiazonium salts?
�� Aromatic rings allow resonance stabilization. �� Positive charge becomes delocalized. �� This increases stability.
- Arenediazonium ions are stabilized through resonance with the aromatic ring. → Delocalization of positive charge lowers the energy of the ion. → Alkyldiazonium ions lack this resonance stabilization and therefore decompose readily.
- �� Option A → Bulkiness is not the main reason.
- �� Option C → Not the primary explanation.
- �� Option D → Stability is not due to preparation temperature.
Used
- Conceptual Reasoning
Application:
- �� Compare resonance stabilization in aryl and alkyl systems.
Final Logic:
- �� Resonance stabilizes arenediazonium salts.
- Aryl + Resonance = Stability
4 Aliphatic amines form highly unstable diazonium salts. According to the text, what gas is liberated quantitatively during this process?
�� Alkyldiazonium salts are unstable. �� They decompose rapidly. �� Nitrogen gas is released quantitatively.
- Alkyldiazonium salts decompose almost immediately after formation. → The diazonium group leaves as highly stable molecular nitrogen (N₂). → Nitrogen gas evolution is quantitative.
- �� Option A → Hydrogen is not produced.
- �� Option B → Oxygen is not released.
- �� Option D → Chlorine gas is not formed.
Used
- NCERT Fact Recall
Application:
- �� Recall decomposition behavior of alkyldiazonium salts.
Final Logic:
- �� Nitrogen gas is evolved.
- Diazonium → N₂ Out
5 During the preparation of diazonium salts, nitrous acid is not added directly. How is it produced?
�� Nitrous acid is unstable. �� It is generated in situ. �� NaNO₂ and HCl are used.
- Nitrous acid (HNO₂) is unstable and cannot be stored. → Therefore it is generated in the reaction mixture: [ NaNO_2 + HCl \rightarrow HNO_2 + NaCl ] → This freshly formed nitrous acid then diazotizes the aromatic amine.
- �� Option A → Does not generate HNO₂.
- �� Option C → Not the NCERT preparation method.
- �� Option D → Unrelated process.
Used
- Contextual Matching
Application:
- �� Recall diazotisation conditions.
Final Logic:
- �� HNO₂ is generated from NaNO₂ and HCl.
- NaNO₂ + HCl = HNO₂
6 Identify the reaction type:
The conversion of primary aromatic amines to diazonium salts is called:
�� Aromatic amine reacts with nitrous acid. �� Diazonium salt is formed. �� The process is diazotisation.
- Conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts using nitrous acid at low temperature is called diazotisation.
- �� Option A → Acetylation introduces an acetyl group.
- �� Option B → Nitration introduces NO₂.
- �� Option D → Ammonolysis involves NH₃ substitution.
Used
- Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- �� Match the reaction description to the named reaction.
Final Logic:
- �� Aromatic amine → Diazonium salt = Diazotisation.
- Diazo Salt → Diazotisation
7 Arrange the optimal temperatures for the following processes in increasing order:
Diazotisation of aniline
Hydrolysis of diazonium salt to phenol
Heating anilinium hydrogensulphate to form sulphanilic acid
�� Diazotisation occurs at 273–278 K. �� Hydrolysis occurs around 283 K. �� Sulphanilic acid formation requires much higher temperature.
- Diazotisation: 273–278 K → Hydrolysis to phenol: ~283 K → Sulphanilic acid formation: much higher heating temperature Hence: I < II < III
- �� Options B, C, D do not follow the actual temperature sequence.
Used
- Ordering
Application:
- �� Compare standard reaction temperatures.
Final Logic:
- �� Diazotisation < Hydrolysis < Sulphanilic acid formation.
- Diazo → Phenol → Sulphanilic
8 Why is the diazonium salt not generally stored?
�� Diazonium salts are unstable. �� They decompose on standing. �� Therefore they are used immediately.
- Arenediazonium salts remain stable only at low temperatures. → On warming or prolonged storage they decompose. → Hence they are generally prepared fresh and used immediately.
- �� Option A → They do not evaporate.
- �� Option C → They do not react with glass.
- �� Option D → Polymerization is not the issue.
Used
- Elimination
Application:
- �� Identify the principal limitation of diazonium salts.
Final Logic:
- �� Instability prevents storage.
- Prepare Fresh, Use Fresh
9 List 1 (Diazonium Compound) | List 2 (Behavior Towards Water)
| List 1 | List 2 |
|---|---|
| 1. Benzenediazonium chloride (cold) | a. Soluble and stable |
| 2. Benzenediazonium chloride (warm) | b. Reacts to form phenol |
| 3. Benzenediazonium fluoroborate | c. Insoluble in water |
�� Cold diazonium chloride is stable and soluble. �� Warm solution gives phenol. �� Fluoroborate is water insoluble.
- Benzenediazonium chloride (cold) → soluble and stable. → Benzenediazonium chloride (warm) → hydrolyses to phenol. → Benzenediazonium fluoroborate → insoluble in water. Thus: 1 → a 2 → b 3 → c
- �� Options B, C, and D incorrectly interchange the properties.
Used
- Option Grouping
Application:
- �� Match each diazonium salt with its known behavior.
Final Logic:
- �� Cold stable, warm hydrolysis, fluoroborate insoluble.
- Cold-Stable, Warm-Phenol
10 What happens to benzenediazonium chloride if it is left to dry completely?
�� Dry diazonium salts are unstable. �� They decompose readily. �� Therefore they are handled in solution.
- Benzenediazonium chloride is relatively stable only in cold aqueous solution. → In the dry state it becomes highly unstable and decomposes easily. → This is why it is generally not isolated as a dry solid.
- �� Option A → Stability decreases.
- �� Option B → Sublimation does not occur.
- �� Option D → No such conversion occurs.
Used
- NCERT Fact Recall
Application:
- �� Recall the physical properties of benzenediazonium chloride.
Final Logic:
- �� Dry benzenediazonium chloride decomposes readily.
- Dry Diazonium = Decomposition
11
�� Diazonium group is a good leaving group. �� Nitrogen leaves as N₂ gas. �� This drives the substitution reaction.
- During displacement reactions of diazonium salts, the diazonium group is replaced by groups such as Cl⁻, Br⁻, CN⁻ or OH⁻. → The nitrogen part leaves the aromatic ring as molecular nitrogen gas. → Since N₂ is very stable, its escape helps the reaction proceed forward.
- �� Option A → Nitrogen does not become part of cyanide.
- �� Option B → It is not reduced to ammonia.
- �� Option D → It does not form a precipitate with Cu(I).
Used
- Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- �� The passage directly states that nitrogen escapes as gas.
Final Logic:
- �� Diazonium displacement releases N₂ gas.
- Diazonium → N₂ escapes
12
�� Sandmeyer reaction uses Cu(I) ion. �� Cl⁻, Br⁻ and CN⁻ are introduced. �� These replace the diazonium group.
- The passage states that Cl⁻, Br⁻ and CN⁻ nucleophiles can be introduced into the benzene ring in the presence of Cu(I) ion. → This named reaction is called the Sandmeyer reaction.
- �� Option A → These are not the Sandmeyer set mentioned in the passage.
- �� Option C → NO₂⁻ and SO₃H⁻ are not mentioned for Sandmeyer reaction.
- �� Option D → CH₃⁻ and NH₂⁻ are not used in this reaction.
Used
- Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- �� Use the exact nucleophiles given in the passage.
Final Logic:
- �� Sandmeyer introduces Cl⁻, Br⁻ and CN⁻.
- Sandmeyer = Cl, Br, CN
13 If you want to introduce a bromine atom into a benzene ring using copper powder and HBr, the reaction is known as:
�� Gattermann reaction uses copper powder. �� HBr introduces bromine. �� Diazonium group is replaced by Br.
- In the Gattermann reaction, diazonium salts are treated with copper powder and corresponding halogen acid such as HCl or HBr. → When HBr is used, bromine is introduced into the benzene ring. → Therefore, copper powder + HBr indicates Gattermann reaction.
- �� Option A → Sandmeyer reaction uses Cu(I) salts like CuBr, not copper powder with HBr.
- �� Option C → Hofmann bromamide degradation converts amides to amines.
- �� Option D → Carbylamine reaction forms isocyanides.
Used
- Elimination
Application:
- �� Identify the named reaction from the reagent copper powder.
Final Logic:
- �� Copper powder + HBr = Gattermann reaction.
- Gattermann = Copper Powder
14 Consider the following regarding Sandmeyer and Gattermann reactions:
Both reactions introduce halogens into the benzene ring.
Sandmeyer uses Cu(I) ion while Gattermann uses copper powder.
Gattermann reaction provides a better yield than Sandmeyer.
�� Both can introduce Cl or Br. �� Sandmeyer uses Cu(I) salts. �� Gattermann uses copper powder.
- Statement I is correct because both Sandmeyer and Gattermann reactions can replace the diazonium group with halogens like chlorine or bromine. → Statement II is correct because Sandmeyer uses Cu(I) salts, while Gattermann uses copper powder with corresponding acids. → Statement III is incorrect because Sandmeyer generally gives better yield than Gattermann.
- �� Option B → Includes incorrect Statement III and omits Statement I.
- �� Option C → Includes incorrect Statement III and omits Statement II.
- �� Option D → Statement III is incorrect.
Used
- Option Grouping
Application:
- �� Check each statement using named reaction differences.
Final Logic:
- �� I and II are correct; III is wrong.
- Sandmeyer Salt, Gattermann Powder
15 When benzenediazonium chloride is treated with potassium iodide, what is the main organic product?
�� KI provides iodide ion. �� Diazonium group is replaced by iodine. �� Product is iodobenzene.
- Benzenediazonium chloride reacts with potassium iodide, where iodide ion replaces the diazonium group on the benzene ring. → Nitrogen gas is released, and the final aromatic product is iodobenzene. [C_6H_5N_2^+Cl^- + KI C_6H_5I + KCl + N_2]
- �� Option A → Phenol forms by hydrolysis of diazonium salt.
- �� Option C → Cyanobenzene forms using CuCN.
- �� Option D → Fluorobenzene forms via benzenediazonium fluoroborate.
Used
- Substitution
Application:
- �� Identify the group supplied by KI.
Final Logic:
- �� KI supplies I⁻, so the product is iodobenzene.
- KI gives Iodobenzene
16 Which reducing agent is oxidised to phosphorous acid when reducing a diazonium salt to an arene?
�� Hypophosphorous acid acts as a reducing agent. �� It converts diazonium salts into arenes. �� During the reaction it is oxidized to phosphorous acid.
- Arenediazonium salts can be reduced to arenes using hypophosphorous acid (H₃PO₂). → In this reaction, the diazonium group is replaced by hydrogen. → Hypophosphorous acid itself gets oxidized to phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃). [ ArN_2^+X^- \xrightarrow{H_3PO_2} ArH + N_2 ]
- �� Option A → Ethanol reduces diazonium salts but is oxidized to ethanal, not phosphorous acid.
- �� Option B → Hydrochloric acid is not the reducing agent.
- �� Option D → Nitrous acid is used in diazotisation, not reduction.
Used
- Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- �� Focus on the clue "oxidised to phosphorous acid."
Final Logic:
- �� Only hypophosphorous acid forms phosphorous acid upon oxidation.
- H₃PO₂ → H₃PO₃
17 In a coupling reaction, at which position does the phenol molecule predominantly couple with the diazonium salt?
�� Phenol activates ortho and para positions. �� Para position is less sterically hindered. �� Major azo dye forms at the para position.
- In coupling reactions, the diazonium ion acts as an electrophile. → Phenol activates the aromatic ring through resonance. → Coupling occurs mainly at the para position because it is more accessible and less sterically crowded than the ortho position. → The major product formed is p-hydroxyazobenzene.
- �� Option A → Ortho product may form in minor amounts.
- �� Option B → Meta position is not activated by –OH.
- �� Option D → Ipso substitution does not occur here.
Used
- Conceptual Elimination
Application:
- �� Use directing effects of the hydroxyl group.
Final Logic:
- �� Phenol couples predominantly at the para position.
- Phenol + Diazonium = Para Product
18 Identify the reaction type:
The coupling reaction of a diazonium salt with aniline is an example of:
�� Diazonium ion behaves as an electrophile. �� Aniline ring undergoes substitution. �� The reaction forms azo compounds.
- The diazonium ion attacks the activated aromatic ring of aniline. → A hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring is replaced by the azo group. → Since substitution occurs via an electrophile, the process is classified as an electrophilic substitution reaction.
- �� Option A → No addition reaction occurs.
- �� Option C → Free radicals are not involved.
- �� Option D → No elimination takes place.
Used
- Contextual/Tonal Matching
Application:
- �� Identify the mechanism involved in azo coupling.
Final Logic:
- �� Coupling proceeds through electrophilic aromatic substitution.
- Azo Coupling = EAS
19 Why are diazonium salts considered important for synthesizing aryl fluorides and iodides?
�� Direct fluorination is difficult to control. �� Direct iodination is not a convenient preparation route. �� Diazonium salts provide an effective alternative.
- Diazonium salts serve as versatile intermediates for introducing F and I into aromatic rings. → Aryl fluorides are commonly prepared using the Balz–Schiemann reaction. → Aryl iodides are readily obtained by treatment of diazonium salts with KI. → These compounds are not conveniently prepared by direct halogenation of benzene.
- �� Option A → Many compounds contain halogens.
- �� Option C → Cost is not the reason.
- �� Option D → Endothermic nature is irrelevant.
Used
- NCERT Fact Recall
Application:
- �� Recall the synthetic importance of diazonium salts.
Final Logic:
- �� Diazonium salts provide routes unavailable through simple direct halogenation.
- Diazonium → F and I Gateway
20 Arrange the following compounds based on their molecular mass (from lowest to highest):
I. Benzene
II. Chlorobenzene
III. Benzenediazonium chloride
�� Benzene contains only C and H. �� Chlorobenzene contains one chlorine atom. �� Benzenediazonium chloride contains N₂ and Cl, giving the highest mass.
Approximate molar masses: • Benzene (C₆H₆) ≈ 78.1 g mol⁻¹ • Chlorobenzene (C₆H₅Cl) ≈ 112.5 g mol⁻¹ • Benzenediazonium chloride (C₆H₅N₂Cl) ≈ 140.6 g mol⁻¹ Therefore: [ {Benzene} < {Chlorobenzene} < {Benzenediazonium chloride}] Hence: I → II → III
- �� Option B → Reverse order.
- �� Option C → Chlorobenzene is heavier than benzene.
- �� Option D → Benzenediazonium chloride is heavier than chlorobenzene.
Used
- Dimensional/Unit Analysis
Application:
- �� Compare molecular masses based on atomic composition.
Final Logic:
- �� Addition of Cl and N₂ increases molecular mass successively.
- Benzene < Chlorobenzene < Diazonium Salt
