CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Bengal and Zamindari System -

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CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Bengal and Zamindari System

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Bengal and Zamindari System

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

The early years of Company (E.I.C.) rule in Bengal witnessed the establishment of a new regime of land rights and a new ________ system.

Answer Review

1 The early years of Company (E.I.C.) rule in Bengal witnessed the establishment of a new regime of land rights and a new ________ system.

A judicial

B police

C educational

D revenue

💡 Short Explanation

British sought regular income from land. New land rights were introduced. Revenue administration became a priority.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In the early years of East India Company rule, British officials attempted to reorganize rural society by introducing a new regime of land rights and a new revenue system. Revenue collection was the foundation of colonial administration because land revenue was the Company\'s main source of income. → Option D (revenue) is correct because it directly reflects the NCERT statement. → Option A (judicial) concerns courts, not agrarian restructuring. → Option B (police) relates to law enforcement rather than land administration. → Option C (educational) was not the focus of the earliest colonial reforms in Bengal.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → judicial reforms were not the primary focus of early agrarian restructuring.
Option B → police administration was separate from revenue reforms.
Option C → educational reforms emerged much later.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Match the statement with NCERT\'s description of early colonial priorities.

Final Logic:

�� The British introduced new land rights and a new revenue system.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Land Rights + Revenue Rights\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Establishment of Company Rule

2 Assertion (A): The British aimed to reorder rural society to establish an ordered, settled agrarian economy.
Reason (R): They believed that creating a class of rich landowners would lead to the improvement of agriculture and secure loyalty to the Company.

A A is true but R is false.

B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

D A is false but R is true.

💡 Short Explanation

British wanted stable agrarian administration. Rich landowners were expected to invest in agriculture. Loyalty to the Company was also anticipated.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The British sought to create an orderly agrarian structure that would ensure stable revenue collection. They believed that granting rights and privileges to wealthy landowners would encourage agricultural improvement and secure their loyalty. → Therefore, both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → The Reason is historically correct.
Option B → The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
Option D → The Assertion is true.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Examine whether the reason explains the assertion.

Final Logic:

�� Agricultural improvement and loyalty were central reasons behind rural reordering.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Landowners = Loyalty + Improvement\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Reordering Rural Society

3 Why did the Collector at Burdwan soon discover a \"strange twist to the tale\" after the auction?

A The estates were bought by an unknown foreign trader.

B Many purchasers turned out to be servants and agents of the raja who had bought the lands on behalf of their master.

C No one came to bid for the estates.

D The raja had paid off the debts in secret before the auction.

💡 Short Explanation

Auction appeared genuine. Purchasers were actually Raja\'s agents. Most sales were fictitious.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

After investigating the auction, the Collector discovered that many purchasers were actually servants and agents acting on behalf of the Raja of Burdwan. This revealed that most sales were fictitious and the Raja retained control. → Therefore, Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → No foreign trader was involved.
Option C → The auction attracted bidders.
Option D → Debts were not secretly cleared before the sale.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Direct Recall / Elimination

Application:

�� Recall the NCERT example of the Burdwan auction.

Final Logic:

�� Raja\'s agents secretly purchased the estates.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Agents Bid, Raja Hid\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Burdwan Auction

4 Match the elements of the Burdwan auction:

List 1	List 2
1. Date of Burdwan auction	a. Over 95 per cent
2. Fictitious sales percentage	b. Raja remained in control of his zamindari
3. Accumulated arrears	c. 1797
4. Ultimate outcome of the auction	d. Reason for the auction of the raja\'s estates

A 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b

B 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d

C 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a

D 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c

💡 Short Explanation

Auction took place in 1797. Over 95% sales were fictitious. Raja ultimately retained control.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Correct matching: 1 → c (1797) 2 → a (Over 95 per cent) 3 → d (Reason for auction) 4 → b (Raja remained in control) Thus Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Date and percentage are mismatched.
Option C → Multiple incorrect pairings.
Option D → All major associations are incorrect.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

�� Match factual details from NCERT.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option A correctly matches all four items.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"1797 → 95% → Arrears → Raja Retains\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Fictitious Purchases

5 Which statement is incorrect regarding the unpaid revenue crisis?

A Over 75 per cent of the zamindaris changed hands after the Permanent Settlement.

B In the early decades after the Permanent Settlement, zamindars regularly failed to pay the revenue demand.

C The unpaid revenue crisis was instantly resolved when prices rose in the 1790s.

D Unpaid balances accumulated because the initial demands were very high.

💡 Short Explanation

Revenue crisis persisted for decades. High demands caused defaults. It was not instantly resolved.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The revenue crisis continued despite changes in agricultural conditions. High revenue demands and administrative rigidity created long-term difficulties. → Therefore Option C is incorrect because the crisis was not instantly solved.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → NCERT confirms extensive transfers of zamindaris.
Option B → Frequent defaults occurred.
Option D → High assessments contributed significantly.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

�� Words like \"instantly resolved\" often indicate an incorrect statement.

Final Logic:

�� Complex agrarian crises are rarely resolved instantly.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Revenue Crisis ≠ Instant Cure\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Unpaid Revenue Crisis

6 Assertion (A): There were frequent estate sales during the closing years of the eighteenth century.
Reason (R): The revenue was invariable, regardless of the harvest, and had to be paid punctually under the threat of the Sunset Law.

A Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

B A is true but R is false.

C A is false but R is true.

D Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

💡 Short Explanation

Revenue demands were fixed. Payment deadlines were strict. Defaults led to auctions.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Estate sales became common because revenue had to be paid regardless of harvest conditions. The Sunset Law enforced strict payment deadlines, causing many zamindars to lose estates. → Hence both statements are true and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Reason directly explains assertion.
Option B → Reason is true.
Option C → Assertion is true.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Determine whether the reason explains the event.

Final Logic:

�� Strict revenue rules caused estate sales.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Sunset Law → Estate Sale\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Frequent Estate Sales

📄 Passage

\"The problem, however, lay in identifying individuals who could both improve agriculture and contract to pay the fixed revenue to the state. After a prolonged debate amongst Company officials, the Permanent Settlement was made with the rajas and taluqdars of Bengal. They were now classified as zamindars, and they had to pay the revenue demand that was fixed in perpetuity. In terms of this definition, the zamindar was not a landowner in the village, but a revenue Collector of the state.\"

Under the Permanent Settlement, what was the nature of the revenue demand placed on the zamindars?

A It was fixed in perpetuity.

B It fluctuated annually based on the harvest yield.

C It was decided by the village headmen every five years.

D It was heavily subsidized by the colonial government.

💡 Short Explanation

Revenue was permanently fixed. Zamindars contracted to pay it. Harvest fluctuations did not alter demand.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage explicitly states that the revenue demand was fixed in perpetuity, meaning permanently. This became a defining feature of the Permanent Settlement. → Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Revenue did not vary with harvest.
Option C → Village headmen had no such authority.
Option D → No subsidy provision existed.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application:

�� Replace \"fixed in perpetuity\" directly from the passage.

Final Logic:

�� The passage itself provides the answer.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Permanent Settlement = Permanent Revenue\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Fixed Revenue Demand

📄 Passage

According to the British classification in the Permanent Settlement, who were the \'zamindars\'?

A They were primarily British officials appointed directly by the Crown.

B They were rajas and taluqdars of Bengal who contracted to pay the fixed revenue to the state.

C They were poor cultivators who managed village affairs.

D They were nomadic tribes who collected tolls from traders.

💡 Short Explanation

Rajas and taluqdars became zamindars. They accepted fixed revenue obligations. British formally classified them.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage clearly states that rajas and taluqdars were classified as zamindars and contracted to pay fixed revenue to the state. → Hence Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Zamindars were not British officials.
Option C → Poor cultivators were not classified as zamindars.
Option D → Nomadic groups had no such role.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application:

�� Use the exact wording given in the passage.

Final Logic:

�� The passage directly identifies the zamindars.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Rajas + Taluqdars = Zamindars\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Zamindars as Collectors

9 In the context of a revenue estate, what happened when a zamindar failed to pay the total demand?

A The Company negotiated individually with each ryot in the village.

B The Company fixed the total demand over the entire estate whose revenue the zamindar contracted to pay.

C The Company calculated demand based on the amount of forests cleared in the estate.

D The Company only taxed the urban centers within the zamindari.

💡 Short Explanation

Revenue assessed for the whole estate. Zamindar was responsible for payment. Estate formed a single revenue unit.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

A revenue estate consisted of many villages grouped together. The Company fixed a total demand for the entire estate, and the zamindar was responsible for paying it. → Therefore Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Revenue was not negotiated village by village.
Option C → Forest clearance was not the basis.
Option D → Rural land revenue was the main concern.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Match the definition of revenue estate.

Final Logic:

�� The estate, not individual villages, was the revenue unit.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Many Villages = One Estate\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Revenue Estate Structure

10 Arrange the process of rent collection:
1. Zamindar retains the difference as his income.
2. Zamindar pays the revenue to the Company.
3. An officer of the zamindar comes around to the village.
4. Zamindar collects rent from the different villages.

A 3, 4, 2, 1

B 4, 3, 1, 2

C 1, 2, 3, 4

D 2, 1, 4, 3

💡 Short Explanation

Officer visits village. Rent is collected. Revenue paid to Company. Surplus retained.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The collection process began with the zamindar\'s officer visiting villages. Rent was collected, revenue was paid to the Company, and any remaining surplus became the zamindar\'s income. → Thus the correct sequence is 3 → 4 → 2 → 1.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Collection cannot occur before officer visits.
Option C → Income cannot be retained before collection.
Option D → Revenue payment cannot precede collection.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Follow the logical order of financial transactions.

Final Logic:

�� Collection must happen before payment and profit retention.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Visit → Collect → Pay → Keep\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Rent Collection System

11 The British argued that the burden of the high revenue demand on zamindars would gradually decline as agricultural production expanded and prices ________.

A stabilized

B plummeted

C fluctuated

D rose

💡 Short Explanation

British expected agricultural growth. Higher prices would increase income. Fixed revenue would become easier to pay.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Company justified the high initial revenue demand by arguing that agricultural production would expand and market prices would rise over time. Since revenue was fixed, increasing agricultural income would reduce the relative burden on zamindars. → Option D (rose) correctly reflects the British expectation described in NCERT. → Option A (stabilized) does not explain a declining burden. → Option B (plummeted) would worsen the burden. → Option C (fluctuated) does not support the Company\'s reasoning.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → stabilized would not significantly reduce the revenue burden.
Option B → plummeted would make revenue payment harder.
Option C → fluctuated does not imply sustained improvement.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Match the Company\'s expectation of economic growth.

Final Logic:

�� Rising prices were expected to make fixed revenue easier to pay.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Fixed Revenue, Rising Prices\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: High Revenue Demand

12 Assertion (A): Zamindars defaulted on payments frequently in the 1790s.
Reason (R): Agricultural prices were depressed in the 1790s, making it difficult for the ryots to pay their dues.

A A is true but R is false.

B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

D A is false but R is true.

💡 Short Explanation

Agricultural prices were low. Ryots struggled to pay rent. Zamindars failed to meet revenue demands.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

During the 1790s, agricultural prices remained depressed. As a result, ryots found it difficult to pay rents. This reduced the income of zamindars, who then frequently defaulted on revenue payments due to the Company. → Therefore both statements are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → The Reason is historically correct.
Option B → The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
Option D → The Assertion is true.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Check whether the reason explains the assertion.

Final Logic:

�� Low agricultural prices led to payment defaults.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Low Prices → Low Rent → Default\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Low Agricultural Prices

13 Which statement about the Sunset Law is incorrect?

A It provided a grace period of 30 days after sunset if the harvest was bad.

B If payment did not come in by sunset of the specified date, the zamindari was liable to be auctioned.

C It made the payment of revenue invariable and punctual.

D It was a strict measure to ensure the Company received a regular flow of revenue.

💡 Short Explanation

Sunset Law was extremely strict. No grace period existed. Default could lead to auction.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Sunset Law required revenue payment by sunset on the specified date. Failure to do so could result in the auction of the estate. No grace period was allowed. → Therefore Option A is the incorrect statement. → Options B, C, and D accurately describe the law.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Correctly describes the consequence of default.
Option C → Revenue payment was made punctual and fixed.
Option D → The law aimed to secure regular revenue.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

�� Identify the option introducing an exception not mentioned in NCERT.

Final Logic:

�� The Sunset Law allowed no grace period.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Sunset Means No Extension\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Sunset Law

14 How did the collectorate affect the zamindar\'s authority?

A It merged with the zamindar\'s cutchery to form a joint administration.

B It emerged as an alternative centre of authority, severely restricting what the zamindar could do.

C It provided military support to the zamindar to suppress the jotedars.

D It had no real power and functioned entirely under the zamindar\'s command.

💡 Short Explanation

Collectorate represented Company authority. Zamindar powers were reduced. Administrative control shifted to British officials.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The establishment of the collectorate created a new administrative center controlled by the Company. This restricted the powers previously exercised by zamindars and reduced their local influence. → Hence Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → No joint administration existed.
Option C → Collectorate did not provide military support for this purpose.
Option D → The collectorate exercised significant authority.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

�� Remove options that exaggerate zamindar authority.

Final Logic:

�� The collectorate weakened rather than strengthened zamindars.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Collector Came, Zamindar Lost Power\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Reduced Zamindar Powers

15 According to Francis Buchanan\'s survey of Dinajpur, arrange the actions of jotedars:
1. Hold more lands than entitled by pottahs.
2. Instigate petty ryots not to pay revenue.
3. Go and complain at the police station if detained.
4. Fall in balance almost every kist.

A 1, 2, 3, 4

B 4, 3, 2, 1

C 4, 1, 3, 2

D 2, 1, 4, 3

💡 Short Explanation

Buchanan documented jotedar influence. They manipulated revenue obligations. They resisted zamindari authority.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Buchanan described a sequence where jotedars: 1. Fell into arrears almost every kist. 2. Held more land than entitled by pottahs. 3. Complained at police stations when detained. 4. Encouraged petty ryots not to pay revenue. → Therefore the correct order is 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 as represented by Option C.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Does not follow Buchanan\'s sequence.
Option B → Reverses the order.
Option D → Places events incorrectly.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Recall the sequence described in Buchanan\'s observations.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option C follows the NCERT order.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Balance → Land → Police → Ryots\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Growth of Jotedars

16 Match the class with their distinct characteristic:

List 1	List 2
1. Zamindars	a. Brought their own ploughs and gave half the produce
2. Jotedars	b. Often lived in urban areas
3. Sharecroppers	c. Sometimes leased land to under-ryots
4. Ryots	d. Controlled local trade and moneylending

A 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c

B 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

C 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c

D 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c

💡 Short Explanation

Zamindars were often absentee landlords. Jotedars controlled trade and moneylending. Sharecroppers cultivated land for a share.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Correct matching: Zamindars → Often lived in urban areas. Jotedars → Controlled trade and moneylending. Sharecroppers → Brought ploughs and shared produce. Ryots → Sometimes leased land to under-ryots. Thus Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Incorrectly swaps zamindars and jotedars.
Option B → Misidentifies sharecroppers.
Option C → Multiple mismatches.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

�� Match each rural group with its NCERT description.

Final Logic:

�� Only Option D correctly matches all categories.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Z-Urban, J-Trade, S-Half Crop, R-Lease\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Rural Social Groups

17 The jotedars fiercely resisted efforts by zamindars to increase the ________ (revenue demand) of the village.

A kist

B jama

C pottah

D ryoti

💡 Short Explanation

Jama means assessed revenue demand. Jotedars resisted increased assessments. This weakened zamindar authority.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In agrarian terminology, jama referred to the revenue demand or assessment imposed on a village or estate. Jotedars opposed attempts by zamindars to raise this demand. → Hence Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → kist refers to an installment of payment.
Option C → pottah refers to a land document.
Option D → ryoti is not the term for revenue assessment.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Direct Recall / Elimination

Application:

�� Recall key agrarian terms used in NCERT.

Final Logic:

�� Jama specifically means revenue assessment.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Jama = Revenue Demand\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Weakening Zamindars

18 Which statement is incorrect regarding the power dynamic between zamindars and jotedars?

A The jotedars were located in the villages and exercised direct control over poor villagers.

B Jotedars often purchased the estates of zamindars when they were auctioned.

C The zamindars could easily prosecute and instantly evict defaulting jotedars.

D Jotedars prevented zamindari officials from executing their duties.

💡 Short Explanation

Jotedars were powerful rural elites. They challenged zamindars. Eviction was not easy.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Jotedars possessed considerable local influence and often resisted zamindar authority. Zamindars found it difficult to discipline, prosecute, or evict them. → Therefore Option C is incorrect.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Correctly describes village-based jotedar power.
Option B → Jotedars frequently bought auctioned estates.
Option D → They often obstructed zamindari officials.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

�� Words like \"easily\" and \"instantly\" often signal an incorrect statement.

Final Logic:

�� Powerful jotedars could not be easily evicted.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Jotedar Strong, Zamindar Struggled\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Jotedar Dominance

19 Assertion (A): Between 1793 and 1801 four big zamindaris of Bengal made benami purchases that collectively yielded as much as Rs 30 lakh.
Reason (R): Fictitious sales allowed the zamindars to exhaust the state and other bidders, eventually buying back the estate at a low price.

A A is true but R is false.

B A is false but R is true.

C Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

D Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

💡 Short Explanation

Benami purchases were widespread. Auctions were manipulated. Zamindars often regained estates.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

NCERT records that large zamindaris engaged in benami purchases worth around Rs 30 lakh. These fictitious transactions enabled zamindars to frustrate outsiders and eventually regain estates at lower prices. → Thus both statements are true and the Reason explains the Assertion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Reason is true.
Option B → Assertion is historically correct.
Option C → Reason directly explains the practice.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Determine whether the reason explains the assertion.

Final Logic:

�� Benami sales were used to regain estates cheaply.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Benami Buyback Strategy\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Benami Transactions

20 Sometimes the agents of outsiders who bought an estate at an auction would be attacked by ________ (strongmen) of the former zamindar.

A lathyals

B amlahs

C mandals

D bargadars

💡 Short Explanation

Former zamindars resisted estate transfers. Strongmen protected their interests. These men were called lathyals.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

NCERT mentions that agents of new purchasers were sometimes attacked by the lathyals (armed strongmen) employed by former zamindars. This was part of resistance against estate transfers. → Therefore Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → amlahs were revenue officials.
Option C → mandals were village headmen.
Option D → bargadars were sharecroppers.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Direct Recall / Elimination

Application:

�� Recall specific rural terms used in NCERT.

Final Logic:

�� Lathyals were the armed retainers of zamindars.

🧠 Memory Trick

\"Lathi → Lathyal\"

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part III – Chapter: Colonialism and the Countryside – Topic: Retention of Estates

CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Bengal and Zamindari System

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