CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Sufism and Chishti Tradition -

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CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Sufism and Chishti Tradition

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Sufism and Chishti Tradition

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Arrange the following historical developments in chronological order:
1. Emergence of the Delhi Sultanate.
2. Evolution of tasawwuf into a well-developed movement.
3. Arab merchants frequenting ports along the western coast.

Answer Review

1 Arrange the following historical developments in chronological order:
1. Emergence of the Delhi Sultanate.
2. Evolution of tasawwuf into a well-developed movement.
3. Arab merchants frequenting ports along the western coast.

A 1, 2, 3

B 2, 1, 3

C 3, 1, 2

D 3, 2, 1

💡 Short Explanation

�� Arab trade contacts came first. �� Tasawwuf developed gradually in the Islamic world. �� Delhi Sultanate emerged later in the 13th century.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Arab merchants visited western Indian ports during the first millennium CE, making 3 the earliest event. Tasawwuf (Sufism) evolved into a developed spiritual movement between the 11th–12th centuries. The Delhi Sultanate was established in the early 13th century. Therefore the correct sequence is 3 → 2 → 1. Hence Option D is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Places the Delhi Sultanate before earlier developments.
�� Option B) Incorrectly places Sufism before Arab maritime contacts.
�� Option C) Places the Delhi Sultanate before the mature development of tasawwuf.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Identify the earliest and latest events first.

Final Logic:

Arab trade → Tasawwuf → Delhi Sultanate.

🧠 Memory Trick

Trade → Sufi → Sultan

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Origins of Sufism

2 Reason-based question:
Assertion (A): Some mystics were referred to as be-shari'a.
Reason (R): These mystics deliberately defied the shari'a by scorning the khanqah and observing extreme forms of asceticism.

A A is true, but R is false.

B Both A and R are false.

C Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

D Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Be-shari'a mystics challenged convention. �� They rejected institutional discipline. �� The reason explains the label.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Some Sufi mystics were called be-shari'a because they did not strictly follow established religious regulations. They often rejected organized khanqah life and practiced extreme asceticism. Their unconventional behavior led to the label. Therefore both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) The reason is historically correct.
�� Option B) Both statements are supported by NCERT.
�� Option D) The reason directly explains why they were called be-shari'a.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Understand the meaning of the term be-shari'a.

Final Logic:

Defiance of shari'a led to the label.

🧠 Memory Trick

Be-shari'a = Beyond Shari'a

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Types of Sufi Mystics

3 Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding Sufi philosophy?

A Sufis emphasized seeking salvation through intense devotion.

B They relied entirely on scholastic methods to interpret the sunna.

C Sufis sought an interpretation of the Qur'an based on personal experience.

D They protested against the growing materialism of the Caliphate.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Sufis valued personal spiritual experience. �� They emphasized devotion and mysticism. �� Pure scholasticism was not their approach.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Sufis sought spiritual understanding through devotion, meditation, and personal experience of the divine. They questioned excessive materialism and emphasized inner spirituality. Therefore Option B is incorrect because Sufism was not based entirely on scholastic methods. Options A, C, and D accurately reflect major characteristics of Sufi philosophy.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Correctly reflects devotional emphasis.
�� Option C) Personal experience was central to Sufi interpretation.
�� Option D) Sufis often reacted against worldly excess and materialism.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

The word "entirely" signals an exaggerated claim.

Final Logic:

Sufism combined spirituality with experience, not pure scholasticism.

🧠 Memory Trick

Sufi = Experience, Not Only Study

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sufi Philosophy

4 Fill in the blank:
Sufis sought salvation through intense devotion by following the commands of God, and by following the example of the Prophet Muhammad, whom they regarded as a ________.

A Perfect human being

B Divine incarnation

C Preceptor of the Chishtis

D Reincarnated saint

💡 Short Explanation

�� Prophet Muhammad was an ideal model. �� Sufis viewed him as spiritually perfect. �� His example guided religious life.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Sufis believed that Prophet Muhammad embodied the highest human qualities and served as the ideal example for believers. They regarded him as the "Perfect Human Being" whose life demonstrated complete submission to God. Therefore Option A is correct. The other options are inconsistent with Islamic teachings.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B) Islam does not consider Muhammad a divine incarnation.
�� Option C) He was not specifically a Chishti preceptor.
�� Option D) Reincarnation is not an Islamic doctrine.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Recall the Sufi understanding of the Prophet.

Final Logic:

Muhammad was viewed as the Perfect Human Being.

🧠 Memory Trick

Muhammad = Perfect Human

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sufi Beliefs

5 Match the following terms related to Sufi practices with their correct meanings:

List I	List II
1. Ziyarat	a. Miracles
2. Urs	b. Grace
3. Barakat	c. Pilgrimage
4. Karamat	d. Marriage/Union with God

A 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d

B 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d

C 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a

D 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b

💡 Short Explanation

�� Ziyarat means pilgrimage. �� Urs signifies union with God. �� Barakat and karamat mean grace and miracles.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Ziyarat refers to pilgrimage to a saint's shrine. Urs symbolizes the saint's spiritual union with God. Barakat means divine grace or blessings, while karamat refers to miraculous powers attributed to saints. Therefore the correct matching is 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a, making Option C correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Incorrectly matches all four terms.
�� Option B) Confuses pilgrimage, grace, and miracles.
�� Option D) Reverses several important definitions.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

Associate each Arabic term with its standard Sufi meaning.

Final Logic:

Ziyarat–Pilgrimage, Urs–Union, Barakat–Grace, Karamat–Miracles.

🧠 Memory Trick

Z-P, U-U, B-G, K-M

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sufi Terminology

6 Consider the following statements about community life in a Chishti khanqah:
1. The jama'at khana was a big hall where inmates and visitors lived and prayed.
2. The open kitchen (langar) was exclusively reserved for royal guests.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A Only 2

B Only 1

C Both 1 and 2

D Neither 1 nor 2

💡 Short Explanation

�� Jama'at khana was the central hall. �� Langar served all visitors. �� Royal exclusivity did not exist.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The jama'at khana in a Chishti khanqah was a large hall where residents, disciples, and visitors gathered for prayer and daily activities. The langar was an open kitchen supported through charity and was available to people from all social backgrounds. Therefore, Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect. Hence, Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Only 2 → Statement 2 is incorrect because the langar was open to all, not reserved for royal guests.
�� Option C) Both 1 and 2 → Statement 2 is factually wrong.
�� Option D) Neither 1 nor 2 → Statement 1 is clearly supported by NCERT.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Verify each statement independently before combining them.

Final Logic:

Jama'at khana is correct; royal-only langar is incorrect.

🧠 Memory Trick

Khanqah Hall = Jama'at Khana; Kitchen = Langar for All

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Chishti Khanqahs

7 Reason-based question:
Assertion (A): All Sufi silsilas were exclusively named after their founding figures.
Reason (R): The Chishti order was named after a town in central Afghanistan.

A A is false, but R is true.

B Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

C A is true, but R is false.

D Both A and R are false.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Not all silsilas were named after founders. �� Chishti derives from a place name. �� Assertion is overly generalized.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The assertion is false because some Sufi orders were named after places rather than founding individuals. The Chishti order, for example, derives its name from Chisht, a town in present-day Afghanistan. Therefore, the reason is true. Since the assertion is false and the reason is true, Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B) Assertion itself is false, so both cannot be true.
�� Option C) The reason is historically correct.
�� Option D) The reason is true, making this option incorrect.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

Watch for absolute words such as "all" and "exclusively."

Final Logic:

One counterexample (Chishti) disproves the assertion.

🧠 Memory Trick

Chishti = Chisht Town

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Silsilas

8 Fill in the blank:
In the rituals of initiation into a silsila, initiates took an oath of allegiance, wore a patched garment, and ________.

A Began a vow of silence

B Moved to the forest

C Renounced their mother tongue

D Shaved their hair

💡 Short Explanation

�� Initiation involved symbolic rituals. �� Patched garments signified humility. �� Hair shaving marked entry into the order.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Entry into a Sufi silsila involved formal initiation rites. The disciple pledged allegiance to the master, wore a patched garment symbolizing detachment from worldly life, and shaved the head as a sign of commitment and humility. Therefore, Option D correctly completes the statement.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) No universal vow of silence formed part of Sufi initiation.
�� Option B) Moving to forests was not a standard initiation practice.
�� Option C) Language renunciation was never a required ritual.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Identify the ritual that fits traditional initiation practices.

Final Logic:

Hair shaving was a recognized initiation symbol.

🧠 Memory Trick

Oath + Robe + Shave

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Initiation into Silsilas

9 Consider the following statements about tomb worship:
1. The cult of the shaikh revered the saint as a wali.
2. People visited the graves believing the saints were now separated from God and needed human prayers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A Only 2

B Only 1

C Both 1 and 2

D Neither 1 nor 2

💡 Short Explanation

�� Saints were revered as wali. �� Devotees sought blessings from them. �� Saints were viewed as close to God.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The cult of the shaikh viewed the saint as a wali (friend of God), whose spiritual power continued after death. Pilgrims visited shrines seeking blessings because saints were believed to remain close to God, not separated from Him. Thus Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect. Therefore, Option B is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Only 2 → Statement 2 contradicts the concept of saintly proximity to God.
�� Option C) Both 1 and 2 → Statement 2 is false.
�� Option D) Neither 1 nor 2 → Statement 1 is clearly correct.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Check each statement independently using the concept of wali.

Final Logic:

Saints were viewed as close to God, not distant from Him.

🧠 Memory Trick

Wali = Friend of God

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Dargahs and Tomb Worship

10 Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding pilgrimage to dargahs?

A The practice of ziyarat was restricted solely to orthodox Muslim men.

B Khwaja Muinuddin's shrine is affectionately known as "Gharib Nawaz".

C People sought the shaikh's blessings to attain both material and spiritual benefits.

D Akbar went to the Ajmer dargah to seek blessings for conquests and the birth of sons.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Dargahs attracted diverse visitors. �� Ziyarat was open to many communities. �� Restrictive description is incorrect.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Pilgrimage (ziyarat) to Sufi shrines attracted people from various social, regional, and religious backgrounds. Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti was known as Gharib Nawaz, and devotees sought both spiritual and worldly blessings. Akbar famously visited Ajmer seeking divine favor. Therefore, Option A is incorrect because ziyarat was not restricted solely to orthodox Muslim men.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B) Correctly identifies the title Gharib Nawaz.
�� Option C) Correctly describes motivations for pilgrimage.
�� Option D) Correctly reflects Akbar's visits to Ajmer.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

Words like "solely" often indicate historically inaccurate restrictions.

Final Logic:

Dargahs welcomed a broad range of devotees.

🧠 Memory Trick

Ziyarat = Open to All

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Dargahs and Pilgrimage

11 Arrange the deaths of the following Chishti Shaikhs in chronological order:
1. Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh-i Dehli
2. Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya
3. Shaikh Fariduddin Ganj-i Shakar
4. Shaikh Muinuddin Sijzi

A 1, 2, 3, 4

B 4, 1, 2, 3

C 2, 3, 1, 4

D 4, 3, 2, 1

💡 Short Explanation

�� Muinuddin came first. �� Fariduddin followed. �� Nizamuddin and then Nasiruddin came later.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The sequence of deaths is: Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti (1236), Baba Farid (1265), Nizamuddin Auliya (1325), and Nasiruddin Chiragh-i Dehli (1356). This reflects the historical succession of major Chishti saints in India. Therefore, the correct chronological order is 4 → 3 → 2 → 1, making Option D correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Completely reverses the historical order.
�� Option B) Places Nasiruddin before Nizamuddin and Farid.
�� Option C) Starts with Nizamuddin, who lived much later than Muinuddin and Farid.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

Recall the Chishti lineage from earliest to latest saint.

Final Logic:

Muinuddin → Farid → Nizamuddin → Nasiruddin.

🧠 Memory Trick

M-F-N-N

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Chishti Silsila

12 Fill in the blank:
The earliest textual references to Khwaja Muinuddin's dargah date to the ________ century.

A Twelfth

B Thirteenth

C Fourteenth

D Fifteenth

💡 Short Explanation

�� Muinuddin died in the 13th century. �� Written references appear later. �� Earliest records belong to the 14th century.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Although Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti lived in the 12th–13th centuries, the earliest textual references to his dargah at Ajmer appear in fourteenth-century sources. These references indicate the growing importance of the shrine as a pilgrimage center. Therefore, Option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Too early; the dargah references are not from the 12th century.
�� Option B) Earliest textual evidence appears later.
�� Option D) References existed before the 15th century.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Distinguish between the saint's lifetime and textual evidence about the shrine.

Final Logic:

Dargah references became prominent in the 14th century.

🧠 Memory Trick

Ajmer Texts = 14th Century

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Ajmer Dargah

13 Reason-based question:
Assertion (A): Ziyarat involves the use of music and dance, including mystical chants performed by qawwals.
Reason (R): The Chishtis frequently used Hindavi in their daily conversations.

A Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

B A is true, but R is false.

C A is false, but R is true.

D Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Ziyarat means pilgrimage. �� Sama' involves music and qawwali. �� Chishtis commonly used Hindavi.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The assertion is incorrect because music, dance, and mystical singing are associated with sama', not ziyarat. Ziyarat refers to pilgrimage to a saint's shrine. The reason is true because Chishti Sufis frequently used Hindavi to communicate with ordinary people. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Assertion is false, so both cannot be true.
�� Option B) The reason is historically correct.
�� Option D) The reason does not explain the assertion, and the assertion itself is incorrect.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application:

Replace "ziyarat" with its correct meaning and compare with sama'.

Final Logic:

Ziyarat = Pilgrimage; Sama' = Music.

🧠 Memory Trick

Ziyarat = Visit, Sama' = Song

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sufi Devotional Practices

14 Match the following elements of Sufi devotional practices:

List I	List II
1. Zikr	a. The musician singing the songs
2. Sama'	b. A hymn sung at the opening or closing
3. Qaul	c. Audition or performance of mystical music
4. Qawwal	d. The Divine Names

A 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c

B 1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b

C 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d

D 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

💡 Short Explanation

�� Zikr invokes divine names. �� Sama' is mystical music. �� Qawwal performs the songs.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Zikr refers to remembrance of God through repetition of divine names. Sama' is the performance or audition of mystical music. Qaul is a hymn often sung at the beginning or end of a gathering. Qawwal is the singer who performs devotional compositions. Hence the correct matching is 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Confuses zikr and qaul.
�� Option B) Incorrectly matches all four terms.
�� Option C) Reverses key devotional concepts.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Option Grouping

Application:

Associate each term with its standard Sufi devotional meaning.

Final Logic:

Zikr–Names, Sama'–Music, Qaul–Hymn, Qawwal–Singer.

🧠 Memory Trick

Z-N, S-M, Q-H, Q-S

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sufi Rituals

15 Consider the following statements about Sufi language use:
1. Baba Farid composed verses in the local language, which were later incorporated into the Guru Granth Sahib.
2. All Chishti Sufis completely avoided using Dakhani (a variant of Urdu).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A Both 1 and 2

B Only 2

C Only 1

D Neither 1 nor 2

💡 Short Explanation

�� Baba Farid used vernacular language. �� His verses entered Guru Granth Sahib. �� Chishtis did not completely avoid Dakhani.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Baba Farid composed verses in local Punjabi dialects, many of which were later incorporated into the Guru Granth Sahib. Statement 2 is incorrect because Sufis, including Chishtis, often adopted local languages such as Hindavi and Dakhani to communicate effectively. Therefore, only Statement 1 is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Statement 2 is incorrect.
�� Option B) Statement 1 is clearly correct.
�� Option D) Statement 1 is supported by NCERT.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

The word "all" often signals an incorrect historical generalization.

Final Logic:

Vernacular use was common among Sufis.

🧠 Memory Trick

Farid → Guru Granth Sahib

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sufis and Vernacular Languages

16 Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding vernacular poetry by Sufis?

A Jayasi's Padmavat revolved around the romance of Padmini and Ratansen.

B Short Dakhani poems were composed exclusively for recitations in royal courts.

C The poetic romance in Padmavat was symbolic of the soul's journey to the divine.

D Some Sufi compositions took the form of lurinama (lullabies) or shadinama (wedding songs).

💡 Short Explanation

�� Dakhani poetry reached common people. �� Sufi literature had broad audiences. �� "Exclusively" makes the statement incorrect.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Dakhani poems were composed for diverse audiences and circulated beyond royal courts. Sufi poets used vernacular forms to spread spiritual teachings among ordinary people. Padmavat indeed narrates the romance of Padmini and Ratansen symbolically, and Sufis composed lullabies and wedding songs. Therefore, Option B is incorrect.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Correct description of Padmavat.
�� Option C) Correct symbolic interpretation of the poem.
�� Option D) Correctly identifies vernacular literary forms.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Extreme Word Filter

Application:

Identify the absolute word "exclusively."

Final Logic:

Sufi literature addressed wider society, not only courts.

🧠 Memory Trick

Dakhani = People, Not Just Palaces

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Vernacular Sufi Literature

17 Fill in the blank:
The poet and musician ________, a disciple of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya, gave a unique form to the Chishti sama' by introducing the qaul.

A Ziyauddin Barani

B Amir Hasan Sijzi

C Abdul Haqq Muhaddis

D Amir Khusrau

💡 Short Explanation

�� Amir Khusrau was Nizamuddin's disciple. �� He enriched Chishti musical traditions. �� He introduced the qaul form.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Amir Khusrau was a renowned poet, musician, and disciple of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya. He played a major role in shaping Chishti devotional music and is credited with introducing the qaul form into sama' gatherings. Therefore, Option D is correct. The other figures were important scholars or writers but not associated with this musical innovation.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Ziyauddin Barani → He was a historian, not the innovator of qaul.
�� Option B) Amir Hasan Sijzi → Known for recording conversations of Nizamuddin, not for introducing qaul.
�� Option C) Abdul Haqq Muhaddis → A later scholar unrelated to this development.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Associate Chishti music and qaul with the most famous disciple of Nizamuddin.

Final Logic:

Qauli tradition is closely linked with Amir Khusrau.

🧠 Memory Trick

Khusrau = Qaul

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sama' and Amir Khusrau

📄 Passage

The khanqah was the centre of social life. We know about Shaikh Nizamuddin's hospice on the banks of the river Yamuna in Ghiyaspur. It comprised several small rooms and a big hall where the inmates and visitors lived and prayed. The inmates included family members of the Shaikh, his attendants and disciples. There was an open kitchen (langar), run on futuh (unasked-for charity). From morning till late night people from all walks of life – soldiers, slaves, singers, merchants, poets, travellers, rich and poor came seeking discipleship and amulets for healing.

Based on the passage, the open kitchen in the khanqah was known as:

A Ziyarat

B Sama'

C Langar

D Jama'at khana

💡 Short Explanation

�� The passage directly mentions the kitchen. �� Langar served visitors and residents. �� It was supported through charity.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage explicitly states that the khanqah had an open kitchen called the langar. It was maintained through futuh, meaning voluntary and unasked-for charity. The langar provided food to inmates and visitors regardless of social status. Therefore, Option C is directly supported by the passage and is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Ziyarat → Refers to pilgrimage to a saint's shrine.
�� Option B) Sama' → Refers to mystical musical assemblies.
�� Option D) Jama'at khana → Refers to the hall where people gathered and prayed.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

Use the exact wording of the passage to identify the term.

Final Logic:

Open kitchen mentioned in the passage = Langar.

🧠 Memory Trick

Langar = Free Food

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Khanqah Life

📄 Passage

How was the charity system (futuh) sustained in the khanqah?

A Through strict taxation on visiting merchants.

B Through unasked-for charity provided by visitors and devotees.

C By forcefully seizing goods from the rich.

D Through an annual grant given solely by the Delhi Sultan.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Futuh means voluntary charity. �� Donations supported the khanqah. �� Contributions came from devotees.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage clearly defines futuh as "unasked-for charity." The langar and other activities of the khanqah were sustained through voluntary contributions made by followers, visitors, and well-wishers. There was no compulsory taxation or forced collection. Hence, Option B correctly explains how futuh functioned within the khanqah.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A) Through strict taxation on visiting merchants. → Futuh was voluntary, not a tax.
�� Option C) By forcefully seizing goods from the rich. → Such coercive methods contradict the nature of futuh.
�� Option D) Through an annual grant given solely by the Delhi Sultan. → Support came from many devotees, not only rulers.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Substitution

Application:

Replace "futuh" with its meaning given in the passage.

Final Logic:

Futuh = Unasked-for charity.

🧠 Memory Trick

Futuh = Free Donations

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Khanqah Economy

20 Arrange the following events regarding the Sufis and the State in chronological order:
1. Akbar offers a huge cauldron (degh) to facilitate cooking at Ajmer.
2. The Turks establish the Delhi Sultanate.
3. Aurangzeb writes a letter of reverence to a Jogi.

A 1, 2, 3

B 2, 1, 3

C 3, 2, 1

D 1, 3, 2

💡 Short Explanation

�� Delhi Sultanate was established in the early 13th century. �� Akbar ruled in the 16th century and patronized Ajmer dargah. �� Aurangzeb's interaction with a Jogi occurred later in the 17th century.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The Turks established the Delhi Sultanate in the early 13th century (1206 CE), making Event 2 the earliest. Akbar's offering of a huge degh at the Ajmer dargah belongs to the 16th century during Mughal rule. Aurangzeb's letter expressing reverence to a Jogi occurred in the 17th century. Therefore, the correct chronological sequence is 2 → 1 → 3, making Option B correct. Options A, C, and D disrupt the established historical timeline of Sultanate and Mughal rulers.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → 1, 2, 3
Places Akbar before the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate. Since Akbar ruled in the sixteenth century and the Delhi Sultanate emerged in the thirteenth century, this sequence is historically impossible.
�� Option C → 3, 2, 1
Places Aurangzeb before both the Delhi Sultanate and Akbar. Aurangzeb ruled in the seventeenth century, making him the latest figure among the three events.
�� Option D → 1, 3, 2
Places the Delhi Sultanate last, although it is the earliest event. This reverses the historical progression from Sultanate to Mughal periods.

🎯 Strategy

Used: Elimination

Application:

Identify the earliest event first. The establishment of the Delhi Sultanate (1206 CE) clearly predates both Akbar (1556–1605) and Aurangzeb (1658–1707). This immediately eliminates all options except the one beginning with Event 2.

Final Logic:

Delhi Sultanate → Akbar → Aurangzeb = 2 → 1 → 3.

🧠 Memory Trick

Sultanate → Akbar → Aurangzeb (SAA)

📚 Class XII – Themes in Indian History Part II – Chapter: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions – Topic: Sufis and the State

CUET UG History Booster Test 2 - Sufism and Chishti Tradition

Test Complete!

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