CUET UG Booster Psychology Unit 6 Test (M 4 ) -

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CUET UG Booster Psychology Unit 6 Test (M 4 )

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Booster Psychology Unit 6 Test (M 4 )

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QUESTION 1 OF 20

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding the modification of attitude and opinion change?

Answer Review

1 Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding the modification of attitude and opinion change?

A Attitudes that are firmly established as values are highly susceptible to modification.

B During the process of attitude formation, attitudes may be modified through various influences.

C Opinions are more like formative attitudes that are easier to change.

D Politicians and advertisers are interested in conditions that modify attitudes.

💡 Short Explanation

Values are deeply rooted. Strong attitudes resist change. Opinions are easier to modify.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Firmly established values are highly stable and resistant to change. Therefore, Option A is incorrect because it falsely claims that such values are easily modified.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Attitudes can change through social influence and learning.
Option C → Formative attitudes behave like flexible opinions.
Option D → Advertisers and politicians actively study attitude change.

🎯 Strategy

Odd One Out

Application:

�� Identify the statement contradicting stability of values.

Final Logic:

�� Deeply rooted values are difficult to change.

🧠 Memory Trick

Values stay strong.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Attitude Modification

2 A teenager initially holds a loose, formative view (opinion) about a political party but later, after intense personal involvement, internalizes it as a core value. If an advertiser tries to change this attitude, what will be the situation?

A The opinion will change faster now because it is a value.

B The attitude will be much more difficult to change compared to when it was just an opinion.

C The modification of the attitude will be unaffected by its transition from opinion to value.

D The attitude will immediately experience cognitive dissonance.

💡 Short Explanation

Values are stable and central. Opinions are flexible. Internalization increases resistance.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Once an opinion becomes a core value, it becomes deeply integrated into the person’s belief system. Such attitudes become highly resistant to persuasion and attitude change.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Values are harder, not easier, to change.
Option C → Internalization significantly affects changeability.
Option D → Dissonance is not automatically produced.

🎯 Strategy

Conceptual Comparison

Application:

�� Compare flexible opinions with stable values.

Final Logic:

�� Strong internalized values resist persuasion.

🧠 Memory Trick

Core values rarely move.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Opinion vs Value

3 In Fritz Heider's P-O-X triangle, an attitude changes if there is a state of ____ between the P-O, O-X, and P-X attitudes, because this state is logically uncomfortable.

A Consonance

B Centrality

C Imbalance

D Extremeness

💡 Short Explanation

Imbalance creates tension. Inconsistency feels uncomfortable. Attitudes change to restore balance.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

According to Heider’s Balance Theory, imbalance among relationships within the P-O-X triangle produces psychological discomfort. This discomfort motivates attitude change to restore balance.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Consonance means harmony, not discomfort.
Option B → Centrality relates to importance of attitudes.
Option D → Extremeness measures intensity.

🎯 Strategy

Keyword Recognition

Application:

�� Focus on “logically uncomfortable.”

Final Logic:

�� Imbalance creates pressure for change.

🧠 Memory Trick

Imbalance pushes adjustment.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Balance Theory

4 Arrange the following states from the LEAST number of positive sides to the MAXIMUM number of positive sides in the P-O-X triangle:
1. All three sides are negative.
2. Two sides are negative, and one side is positive.
3. Two sides are positive, and one side is negative.
4. All three sides are positive.

A 1, 2, 3, 4

B 4, 3, 2, 1

C 2, 1, 4, 3

D 1, 3, 2, 4

💡 Short Explanation

Count positive sides progressively. Three negatives contain zero positives. Three positives contain maximum positives.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The sequence should move from the fewest positive relations to the greatest number: All negative = 0 positives Two negatives + one positive = 1 positive Two positives + one negative = 2 positives All positives = 3 positives Thus, Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Reverses the required order.
Option C → Positive counts are not arranged progressively.
Option D → Two positives should come after one positive.

🎯 Strategy

Logical Sequencing

Application:

�� Count positive sides systematically.

Final Logic:

�� Arrange from minimum to maximum positivity.

🧠 Memory Trick

0 → 1 → 2 → 3 positives.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: P-O-X Triangle

5 Consider the following statements regarding cognitive imbalance:
I. Imbalance is logically comfortable and maintains attitudes.
II. Imbalance exists when two sides of the triangle are positive and one is negative.
III. Imbalance exists when all three sides are negative.
Which statements validate the concept of cognitive imbalance?

A Only I

B I and II

C II and III

D I, II, and III

💡 Short Explanation

Imbalance creates discomfort. Mixed signs create inconsistency. Three negatives also disturb harmony.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Imbalance refers to inconsistent or uncomfortable relationships within the P-O-X triangle. Two positives and one negative create imbalance, and all three negative relationships also create an imbalanced state. Statement I is incorrect because imbalance is psychologically uncomfortable.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Imbalance is not comfortable.
Option B → Statement I is false.
Option D → Statement I invalidates the option.

🎯 Strategy

Concept Validation

Application:

�� Apply rules of balanced and imbalanced relationships.

Final Logic:

�� Cognitive imbalance creates psychological tension.

🧠 Memory Trick

Inconsistency causes discomfort.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Cognitive Imbalance

6 Which statement correctly explains attitude adjustment in a state of imbalance where P likes X, O dislikes X, and P likes O?

A P will maintain all existing relationships to avoid cognitive dissonance.

B One of the three attitudes will have to change to restore two negative relationships or three positive relationships.

C O will definitely start disliking P to create a state with three negative sides.

D The attitude changes in the direction of imbalance to achieve logical harmony.

💡 Short Explanation

Imbalance requires adjustment. One relation changes to restore harmony. Balance reduces discomfort.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

When imbalance exists, one of the relationships in the triangle must change so the structure becomes balanced again. This usually results in either all positive relations or two negatives with one positive.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Maintaining imbalance preserves discomfort.
Option C → No specific relation must change automatically.
Option D → Harmony results from balance, not imbalance.

🎯 Strategy

Cause-and-Effect Analysis

Application:

�� Examine how imbalance motivates attitude change.

Final Logic:

�� Balance is restored through attitude adjustment.

🧠 Memory Trick

Change one side, restore peace.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Balance Restoration

7 Sequence the following events illustrating the dissonance concept and reduction method based on Festinger's theory:
1. The individual changes Cognition II (“I will stop eating pan masala”) to reduce mental discomfort.
2. The individual holds Cognition I (“Pan masala causes fatal mouth cancer”).
3. The individual experiences dissonance because the cognitions are out of tune.
4. The individual holds Cognition II (“I eat pan masala”).

A 3, 1, 4, 2

B 4, 2, 1, 3

C 1, 2, 3, 4

D 2, 4, 3, 1

💡 Short Explanation

Conflicting cognitions appear first. Inconsistency creates discomfort. Behaviour or cognition changes afterward.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The individual first believes pan masala causes cancer while also continuing to consume it. These contradictory cognitions create dissonance. To reduce discomfort, the person changes behaviour or cognition. Thus, the sequence is: Belief → Contradictory behaviour → Dissonance → Adjustment.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Contradictory cognitions must exist before discomfort.
Option B → Reduction occurs after discomfort.
Option C → Adjustment cannot occur before dissonance.

🎯 Strategy

Sequence Analysis

Application:

�� Follow Festinger’s dissonance process step-by-step.

Final Logic:

�� Contradiction leads to discomfort and change.

🧠 Memory Trick

Conflict → Discomfort → Change.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Cognitive Dissonance

8 Match the dissonance-related terms with their corresponding examples:

List 1 (Terms)	List 2 (Examples)
1. Dissonant cognitions	a. “I told a lie because I was paid $20.”
2. Dissonance reduced	b. “The experiment was actually interesting, so I didn’t lie.”
3. No dissonance	c. “I worked hard for this task, so it must be valuable.”

A 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c

B 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c

C 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c

D 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c

💡 Short Explanation

Dissonance involves contradiction. Reduction restores harmony. Effort justification increases value perception.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Dissonant cognition exists when behaviour conflicts with beliefs. Dissonance is reduced by reinterpreting the situation positively. No dissonance occurs when external justification exists. Effort justification means valuing something more after working hard for it. Thus, Option A is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Other options mismatch dissonance concepts and examples.

🎯 Strategy

Option Grouping

Application:

�� Match psychological concepts with examples accurately.

Final Logic:

�� Consistency between examples and theory determines the answer.

🧠 Memory Trick

Hard effort increases value.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Dissonance Reduction

9 Ravi believes that protecting the environment is crucial (Cognitive component) and stops buying single-use plastics (Behavioural component) to align with his beliefs. This alignment best illustrates the concept of:

A Cognitive imbalance

B P-O-X triangle conflict

C Cognitive consistency

D Behaviour imitation

💡 Short Explanation

Beliefs and behaviour match. Consistency reduces conflict. Actions align with cognition.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Ravi’s behaviour aligns with his beliefs about environmental protection. This harmony between cognition and behaviour reflects cognitive consistency.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → No inconsistency exists.
Option B → P-O-X theory is unrelated here.
Option D → No imitation is involved.

🎯 Strategy

Contextual Matching

Application:

�� Compare behaviour with beliefs.

Final Logic:

�� Matching thoughts and actions show consistency.

🧠 Memory Trick

Think and act alike.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Cognitive Consistency

10 Which of the following statements validate the concept of logical harmony in attitudes?
I. Our cognitive system requires logical consistency.
II. When elements do not logically fall in line, mental discomfort is experienced.
III. Cognitive consistency implies that components are heading in opposite directions.

A I and II

B II and III

C Only I

D I, II, and III

💡 Short Explanation

Consistency requires harmony. Contradictions create discomfort. Opposite directions indicate inconsistency.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Logical harmony means cognitive elements align consistently. When elements conflict, mental discomfort occurs. Statement III is incorrect because consistency does not involve opposite directions.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Statement III is false.
Option C → Statement II is also correct.
Option D → Opposite directions contradict consistency.

🎯 Strategy

Concept Validation

Application:

�� Examine definitions of harmony and consistency.

Final Logic:

�� Logical alignment reduces discomfort.

🧠 Memory Trick

Harmony means agreement.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Logical Harmony

📄 Passage

The two-step concept was proposed by S.M. Mohsin, an Indian psychologist. According to him, attitude change takes place in the form of two steps. In the first step, the target of change identifies with the source. The ‘target’ is the person whose attitude is to be changed. The ‘source’ is the person through whose influence the change is to take place. Identification means that the target has liking and regard for the source.

11. According to the passage, what does 'identification' signify in the first step?

A The source mimicking the target's behaviour.

B The target disliking the source's attitude.

C The target having liking and regard for the source.

D The target changing the message factors.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Identification refers to emotional bonding with the source �� Target develops positive regard 1. • It is the first step in attitude change

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. Identification in Mohsin’s two-step theory means the target person accepts and is influenced by the source because of liking, respect, or admiration. This emotional acceptance is crucial before any attitude change message is processed. Without this bond, persuasion is less effective. Hence, option C correctly reflects the psychological meaning of identification.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Source does not mimic target in this model
�� Option B → Identification is positive, not negative
1. • Option D → Message change is not definition of identification

🎯 Strategy

Application: Match psychological term “identification” with emotional liking concept

1. Final Logic: Identification = positive regard for source

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “ID = I Like” → Identification means liking the source

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Two-Step Theory of Attitude Change – No Page

📄 Passage

12. Based on the passage, who is the 'target' in the two-step concept?

A The Indian psychologist proposing the theory.

B The person whose attitude is to be changed.

C The person through whose influence the change takes place.

D The message source.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Target = attitude receiver �� Source = influencer 1. • Clear role distinction in theory

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. In Mohsin’s two-step model, the “target” is the individual whose attitude is being influenced or changed. The “source” is the person who influences this change. Therefore, option B correctly defines the target as the receiver of attitude change influence.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Psychologist is not part of model roles
�� Option C → This defines source, not target
1. • Option D → Incorrect vague terminology

🎯 Strategy

Application: Differentiate clearly between source and target roles

1. Final Logic: Target = person whose attitude changes

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Target = the one targeted for change”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Two-Step Theory – No Page

13 When determining the strength of an attitude, general findings show that positive attitudes are easier to change than _____ attitudes.

A Neutral

B Negative

C Simple

D Central

💡 Short Explanation

�� Positive attitudes are flexible �� Negative attitudes are resistant 1. • Emotional intensity increases resistance

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. Negative attitudes are usually stronger and more emotionally charged, making them harder to change. Positive attitudes are comparatively less rigid and more open to modification. Hence, research in attitude psychology shows negative attitudes resist persuasion more than positive ones.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Neutral is not strength-based category
�� Option C → Not related to attitude valence
1. • Option D → Central refers to importance, not valence

🎯 Strategy

Application: Focus on valence (positive vs negative)

1. Final Logic: Negative attitudes are more resistant

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Negative = Not easily changed”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Strength of Attitudes

14 Which of the following statements about the centrality of attitudes is INCORRECT?

A A central attitude influences all other attitudes in the multiple attitude system.

B Central attitudes are less significant than peripheral attitudes.

C An attitude with greater centrality dictates the broader attitude system more strongly.

D Central attitudes are more difficult to change than peripheral attitudes.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Central attitudes are highly important �� They influence many other attitudes 1. • They are stable and resistant

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. Central attitudes form the core of an individual’s belief system and strongly influence other attitudes. They are more significant, not less significant, than peripheral attitudes. Therefore, statement B is incorrect because it reverses the conceptual hierarchy of attitude centrality.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correct description of centrality
�� Option C → Correct functional role
1. • Option D → Correct stability property

🎯 Strategy

Application: Identify incorrect relational comparison

1. Final Logic: Central > Peripheral in importance

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Central = Core = Controls everything”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Centrality of Attitudes

15 Which of the following is a correct statement regarding source credibility?

A Messages from a low-credible source are always more effective.

B Attitudes are more likely to change when the message comes from a highly credible source.

C Schoolchildren are never credible sources for other schoolchildren.

D Credibility of a source does not impact attitude change.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Credibility increases persuasion �� Trust enhances acceptance 1. • Expertise and trustworthiness matter

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. Source credibility plays a major role in attitude change. Highly credible sources (expert + trustworthy) are more persuasive because people are more likely to accept their messages. Therefore, option B correctly reflects the principle of persuasion.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Low credibility reduces persuasion
�� Option C → Peer influence can be credible
1. • Option D → Credibility strongly impacts attitude change

🎯 Strategy

Application: Match persuasion theory principles

1. Final Logic: High credibility → high persuasion

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Credible = Credible = Believeable”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Source Characteristics

16 Match the target audience with the most credible/attractive source for a specific product, as per the text:

List I	List II
1. Adult buying a laptop	a. Popular public figure
2. Schoolchild buying a laptop	b. Computer engineer
3. General public buying a car	c. Another schoolchild

A 1-c, 2-a, 3-b

B 1-a, 2-b, 3-c

C 1-b, 2-c, 3-a

D 1-b, 2-a, 3-c

💡 Short Explanation

�� Adults trust expert advice �� Children trust peer influence 1. • Public influenced by celebrities

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

In persuasion, different audiences respond to different sources: • Adults buying laptops trust technical experts (computer engineer) • Schoolchildren are influenced by peers (other schoolchildren) • General public is influenced by popular public figures for aspirational products like cars 1. Thus correct matching is 1-b, 2-c, 3-a (Option C).

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Incorrect pairing of public and child influence
�� Option B → Misallocates credibility roles
1. • Option D → Incorrect distribution of expert/peer influence

🎯 Strategy

Application: Match credibility type with audience psychology

1. Final Logic: Expertise for adults, peers for children, celebrities for mass appeal

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Expert–Adult, Peer–Child, Celebrity–Mass”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Source Factors in Persuasion

17 Category: Message Factors
17. An advertisement aims to sell a new electric vehicle. The ad states, "This car saves you Rs. 50,000 annually on fuel costs and has a highly efficient battery." What kind of message factor is being utilized here?

A Emotional appeal

B Identification

C Rational appeal

D Cognitive dissonance

💡 Short Explanation

�� Focus on logic and benefits �� Cost-saving data provided 1. • Technical efficiency highlighted

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. The advertisement uses logical, fact-based arguments such as cost savings and efficiency. This is characteristic of rational appeal, where persuasion is based on reasoning rather than emotions. Hence, option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → No emotional content used
�� Option B → No identification process involved
1. • Option D → Not related to psychological inconsistency

🎯 Strategy

Application: Identify logical vs emotional content

1. Final Logic: Data-driven persuasion = rational appeal

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Rational = Reason + Numbers”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Message Characteristics

18 Consider the following statements about emotional and rational appeals:
I. Pointing out that a pressure cooker preserves nutrition for the family is an emotional appeal.
II. Pointing out that a pressure cooker saves cooking gas is an emotional appeal.
III. Both rational and emotional appeals are categorized as message characteristics.
Which statements are conceptually valid?

A I and II

B II and III

C I and III

D Only I

💡 Short Explanation

�� Nutrition relates to emotion/values �� Gas saving is rational 1. • Both appeal types are message factors

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. Statement I is considered emotional because it appeals to family health and well-being values. Statement III is correct as both emotional and rational appeals are part of message characteristics. Statement II is incorrect because saving gas is a rational appeal, not emotional.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Includes incorrect II
�� Option B → II is incorrect classification
1. • Option D → Misses correct III

🎯 Strategy

Application: Separate emotional vs rational cues

1. Final Logic: Emotional + message category correct

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Emotion = Care, Rational = Calculation”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Message Factors

19 Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding self-esteem as a target factor for attitude change:

A Persons with low self-esteem change their attitudes more easily.

B Persons with high self-esteem have sufficient confidence in themselves.

C Persons with low self-esteem do not have sufficient confidence in themselves.

D Persons with high self-esteem change their attitudes more easily than those with low self-esteem.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Low self-esteem = more persuadable �� High self-esteem = resistant 1. • Confidence reduces susceptibility

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. Individuals with low self-esteem are more easily influenced because they lack confidence in their own judgments. High self-esteem individuals are more resistant to attitude change. Therefore, statement D is incorrect as it reverses this psychological principle.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correct psychological finding
�� Option B → Correct definition
1. • Option C → Correct explanation of low self-esteem

🎯 Strategy

Application: Compare susceptibility levels

1. Final Logic: Low self-esteem → higher persuasion

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Low Self = Low Resistance”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Target Characteristics

20 20. In the context of target characteristics, individuals who have a more open and flexible personality have higher ______, making it easier for advertisers to change their attitudes.

A Prejudice

B Cognitive dissonance

C Persuasibility

D Imbalance

💡 Short Explanation

�� Open personality = more influenceable �� Flexible thinking increases acceptance 1. • Linked to persuasion ability

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

1. Individuals with open and flexible personalities are more receptive to new ideas and messages, making them easier to persuade. This trait is known as persuasibility, which directly measures susceptibility to attitude change. Hence, option C is correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Prejudice is attitude, not trait
�� Option B → Cognitive dissonance is conflict state
1. • Option D → Not a psychological construct

🎯 Strategy

Application: Link personality openness to persuasion ability

1. Final Logic: Flexibility → higher persuasibility

🧠 Memory Trick

1. “Open mind = Open to persuasion”

📚 1. Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Target Factors in Attitude Change

CUET UG Booster Psychology Unit 6 Test (M 4 )

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