CUET UG Booster Phychology Unit 6 Test (D 3 ) -

🚀

CUET UG Booster Phychology Unit 6 Test (D 3 )

⏱️ 30 Minutes

❓ 20 Questions

📌 Answers are locked once submitted — results and explanations appear at the end.

CUET UG Booster Phychology Unit 6 Test (D 3 )

1 / 20

QUESTION 1 OF 20

Sequence the intricate interplay of factors leading to attitude formation as outlined by social psychologists:
1. Individuals interact with others and undergo personal experiences.
2. Indirect genetic factors provide a baseline predisposition.
3. Specific conditions trigger the learning of specific attitudes.
4. Attitudes become a stable part of the cognitive system as behavioral tendencies.

Answer Review

1 Sequence the intricate interplay of factors leading to attitude formation as outlined by social psychologists:
1. Individuals interact with others and undergo personal experiences.
2. Indirect genetic factors provide a baseline predisposition.
3. Specific conditions trigger the learning of specific attitudes.
4. Attitudes become a stable part of the cognitive system as behavioral tendencies.

A 2, 3, 1, 4

B 1, 2, 4, 3

C 3, 1, 2, 4

D 2, 1, 3, 4

💡 Short Explanation

Genetics provide indirect predisposition. Social interaction and experiences follow. Learning conditions shape attitudes.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Attitude formation begins with indirect biological predispositions. Individuals then interact with people and environments, experiencing various learning situations. These conditions trigger specific attitudes, which eventually become stable parts of the cognitive system as behavioural tendencies. Thus, the correct sequence is: Predisposition → Interaction → Learning conditions → Stable attitude.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Interaction generally precedes specific learning outcomes.
Option B → Stable attitudes cannot form before learning conditions.
Option C → Learning conditions follow social interaction.

🎯 Strategy

Sequence Analysis

Application:

�� Trace the developmental process of attitude formation logically.

Final Logic:

�� Social experiences transform predispositions into attitudes.

🧠 Memory Trick

Predisposition → Experience → Learning → Attitude.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Formation of Attitudes

2 Match the forms of social interaction with their respective attitude formation outcomes:

List I (Social Interaction)	List II (Attitude Formation Outcome)
1. Interaction with a highly respected, rewarding teacher	A. Learning through observation
2. Interaction where a child observes a parent's respect for elders being praised	B. Learning through positive association
3. Child imitates a parent's habit of helping neighbours	C. Learning through reinforcement
4. Child receives appreciation for greeting elders respectfully	D. Learning through modelling

A 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C

B 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

C 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C

D 1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C

💡 Short Explanation

�� Positive feelings create associations. �� Watching behaviour promotes observation. �� Imitation and rewards strengthen attitudes.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Interaction with a highly respected, rewarding teacher develops favourable feelings toward the attitude object, demonstrating positive association (B). → Observing a parent's respect for elders being praised involves learning through observation (A). → Imitating a parent's helping behaviour is an example of modelling (D). → Receiving appreciation for greeting elders strengthens behaviour through reinforcement (C). → Therefore, the correct matching is: 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Incorrectly matches the teacher interaction with observation.
�� Option B → Confuses observation and modelling.
�� Option D → Incorrectly assigns modelling to the teacher interaction.

🎯 Strategy

�� Option Grouping

Application:

�� Identify reinforcement first (reward-based learning), then modelling (imitation), and finally distinguish observation from association.

Final Logic:

�� Feelings = Association; Watching = Observation; Copying = Modelling; Reward = Reinforcement.

🧠 Memory Trick

Feel → Associate | Watch → Observe | Copy → Model | Reward → Reinforce

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Processes of Attitude Formation

3 A driver completely alters his life's trajectory, leaving the army to uplift his community after a traumatic mission. This scenario underscores that while environments provide a steady backdrop, isolated profound instances of ________ can bypass standard gradual learning to form central attitudes.

A Direct experience

B Genetic mutations

C Scapegoating

D Unconscious cognitive dissonance

💡 Short Explanation

Major life events reshape attitudes. Personal experiences strongly affect cognition. Direct experience creates central attitudes.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The driver’s near-death experience drastically changed his life perspective and values. This demonstrates that direct personal experiences can rapidly create powerful and central attitudes, bypassing gradual learning processes.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option B → Genetic mutations are unrelated to attitude change here.
Option C → Scapegoating means blaming others unfairly.
Option D → Cognitive dissonance is not the main concept described.

🎯 Strategy

Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Focus on the impact of a profound life event.

Final Logic:

�� Strong personal experiences reshape core attitudes.

🧠 Memory Trick

Big experiences create big changes.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Direct Experience

4 Arrange the typical widening of environmental contexts that influence an individual's attitude formation from birth to adulthood:
1. Expanding reference groups and peer influence
2. Family environment during early years
3. Huge amount of information through various mass media
4. School environment

A 1, 2, 3, 4

B 2, 1, 4, 3

C 4, 2, 1, 3

D 2, 4, 1, 3

💡 Short Explanation

Family influences first. School shapes later attitudes. Peer groups expand during adolescence.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Attitude formation begins in the family during early childhood. School becomes important later, followed by peer groups and reference groups during adolescence. In adulthood, mass media and internet exposure strongly influence attitudes. Thus, the correct sequence is: Family → School → Peer groups → Media.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Peer influence does not begin before family.
Option B → Peer influence usually follows school exposure.
Option C → Family influence begins before school.

🎯 Strategy

Developmental Sequence Analysis

Application:

�� Arrange social influences according to life stages.

Final Logic:

�� Social environments expand gradually with age.

🧠 Memory Trick

Home → School → Friends → Media.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Environmental Contexts

5 Consider the following analytical statements regarding association in attitude formation:
Statement I: Positive association requires the direct linkage of an attitude object with the positive qualities of an interacting agent.
Statement II: The emotional component (liking) transferred from the teacher to the subject is a prime illustration of the affective aspect of attitudes.

A Only Statement I is correct

B Only Statement II is correct

C Both Statements I and II are correct

D Neither Statement I nor II is correct

💡 Short Explanation

Positive qualities create positive association. Emotional liking reflects affective component. Emotions transfer between linked objects.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Positive association occurs when favourable qualities of a person or source become linked with an attitude object. The transfer of liking from a respected teacher to a subject clearly reflects the affective component of attitudes. Therefore, both statements are correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Statement II is also conceptually correct.
Option B → Statement I accurately defines positive association.
Option D → Both statements are valid.

🎯 Strategy

Concept Validation

Application:

�� Examine emotional transfer within association learning.

Final Logic:

�� Positive association works through affective linkage.

🧠 Memory Trick

Like the source, like the object.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Association Learning

6 In the context of association learning, if a student persistently faces harsh criticism from a specific coach, the negative emotions get linked to the sport itself. This illustrates that attitudes are learned by ________.

A Positive association

B Negative association

C Cultural normative behaviour

D Observational imitation

💡 Short Explanation

Negative emotions transfer to the object. Harsh experiences create dislike. Association shapes attitudes emotionally.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Repeated criticism from the coach creates unpleasant emotions. These emotions become mentally associated with the sport itself, leading to dislike. This is an example of negative association learning.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Positive emotions are absent.
Option C → Cultural norms are unrelated.
Option D → Observation is not the primary mechanism here.

🎯 Strategy

Emotional Association Analysis

Application:

�� Identify emotional transfer from source to object.

Final Logic:

�� Negative feelings create negative attitudes.

🧠 Memory Trick

Bad experience, bad attitude.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Negative Association

7 Which analytical statement best describes the overlap between reward learning and cultural norms?

A Cultural norms strictly prohibit the use of rewards.

B Learning attitudes through cultural norms may actually be an example of learning through reward, as normative behaviour is socially approved and praised.

C Reward learning only operates in isolation from societal structures.

D Cultural norms are explicitly written laws, making psychological reward learning impossible to measure.

💡 Short Explanation

Social approval acts as reward. Normative behaviour gains praise. Rewards strengthen accepted attitudes.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Cultural norms often function through reinforcement. Individuals receive social approval, praise, or acceptance for following socially accepted behaviours, which strengthens those attitudes. Therefore, Option B correctly explains the overlap.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Cultural norms often use rewards indirectly.
Option C → Reward learning operates within society.
Option D → Norms are mostly unwritten rules.

🎯 Strategy

Conceptual Integration

Application:

�� Connect reinforcement learning with social approval.

Final Logic:

�� Praise strengthens cultural conformity.

🧠 Memory Trick

Approval rewards behaviour.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Reinforcement and Norms

8 Identify the incorrect analytical statement regarding punishment in attitude learning.

A Punishment learning can foster negative attitudes towards the punishing stimulus.

B Constantly falling ill acts as a physiological punishment that creates a negative attitude toward junk food.

C Punishment learning is entirely a conscious, rational evaluation, devoid of affective or emotional elements.

D Punishment learning can simultaneously lead to a positive attitude towards the healthy alternative.

💡 Short Explanation

Punishment involves emotional reactions. Negative experiences create dislike. Learning is not purely rational.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Punishment learning contains strong emotional and affective elements such as fear, discomfort, or dislike. It is not purely rational or emotionless. Therefore, Option C is incorrect.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Punishment often creates dislike toward the stimulus.
Option B → Illness acts as punishment in the junk food example.
Option D → Negative experiences can promote healthier alternatives.

🎯 Strategy

Odd One Out

Application:

�� Identify the statement denying emotional influence.

Final Logic:

�� Punishment learning includes affective responses.

🧠 Memory Trick

Punishment creates emotional avoidance.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Punishment Learning

9 In an experiment, Group A sees a model praised for recycling, while Group B sees a model fined for littering. Group A develops a positive attitude toward recycling, and Group B develops a negative attitude toward littering. This situation exemplifies that observational learning modifies attitudes by observing the ________ delivered to others.

A Genetic traits

B Direct consequences (rewards/punishments)

C Unwritten religious norms

D Direct physical trauma

💡 Short Explanation

Observation influences learning. People copy rewarded behaviour. Punishments discourage actions.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Observational learning occurs when individuals watch others being rewarded or punished and then develop attitudes accordingly. The experiment demonstrates learning through observing consequences delivered to others.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option A → Genetics are unrelated here.
Option C → Religious norms are not central to the example.
Option D → No direct trauma is involved.

🎯 Strategy

Contextual Matching

Application:

�� Focus on observed rewards and punishments.

Final Logic:

�� Observation of consequences shapes attitudes.

🧠 Memory Trick

Watch consequences, learn attitudes.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Observational Learning

10 Arrange the steps demonstrating how the "two-step concept" relates to imitation in attitude change:
1. The target shows an attitude change through imitation.
2. The target identifies with the source and feels mutual attraction.
3. The target observes the source's changed behaviour.
4. The source alters their own behaviour towards an attitude object.

A 4, 3, 1, 2

B 2, 3, 4, 1

C 3, 4, 1, 2

D 2, 4, 3, 1

💡 Short Explanation

�� Identification establishes psychological connection. �� The source's behaviour changes first. �� Observation leads to imitation and attitude change.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The two-step concept begins when the target identifies with the source and develops mutual attraction. This identification makes the source influential. The source then changes their own behaviour toward the attitude object. The target observes this behavioural change and learns from it through observation. Finally, the target imitates the observed behaviour, resulting in a change in attitude. Therefore, the correct sequence is: 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 (Identification → Source Behaviour Change → Observation → Imitation-Based Attitude Change)

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Begins with behaviour change before identification, ignoring the foundation of influence.
�� Option B → Places observation before the source's behavioural change.
�� Option C → Observation cannot occur before the behaviour being observed.

🎯 Strategy

�� Logic Sequencing Application

Application:

�� Trace the process from interpersonal attraction to behavioural modelling and imitation.

Final Logic:

�� Identification enables influence; observation enables imitation; imitation produces attitude change.

🧠 Memory Trick

(I-C-O-C)

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Two-Step Concept and Imitation in Attitude Change

11 Consider the following conceptual statements:
Statement I: Norms are explicit, documented laws that enforce attitude congruence within a state through police action.
Statement II: Norms are unwritten rules about behaviour that seamlessly integrate into our social cognition over time.

A Only Statement I is correct

B Only Statement II is correct

C Both Statements I and II are correct

D Neither Statement I nor II is correct

💡 Short Explanation

�� Norms are generally unwritten social rules. �� They guide acceptable behaviour in society. �� They become internalized through social learning.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Norms are socially shared expectations regarding behaviour. They are not necessarily formal laws enforced by legal authorities. → Statement II is correct because norms gradually become part of an individual's social cognition through observation, interaction, and socialization. → Statement I is incorrect because laws and norms are different concepts. Laws are formally codified, whereas norms are typically informal and socially maintained. → Therefore, only Statement II is conceptually valid.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Statement I is incorrect because norms are not necessarily documented laws.
�� Option C → Both statements cannot be correct since Statement I is conceptually inaccurate.
�� Option D → Statement II is correct; therefore this option is incorrect.

🎯 Strategy

�� Elimination

Application:

�� Distinguish between formal laws and informal social norms.

Final Logic:

�� Norms are unwritten behavioural expectations learned through socialization.

🧠 Memory Trick

Norm = Normal social rule, not legal rule.

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Learning Attitudes through Norms

12 Sequence the psychological internalization of a cultural norm as described in the text:
I. An individual observes others routinely offering sweets in a place of worship.
II. The individual perceives the behaviour as expected and socially approved.
III. The normative action is recognized as standard in the religion.
IV. The individual ultimately develops a positive attitude and associated feelings of devotion.

A III, I, II, IV

B II, I, IV, III

C I, III, IV, II

D I, II, III, IV

💡 Short Explanation

�� Observation begins norm learning. �� Social approval strengthens acceptance. �� Internalization produces attitude formation.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Cultural norms are usually learned through observation of others. → First, the person observes a repeated behaviour in a social setting (I). → Next, the behaviour is perceived as socially approved and expected (II). → The individual then recognizes it as a standard religious practice (III). → Finally, positive feelings and attitudes become attached to the behaviour (IV). → Therefore, the correct sequence is: I → II → III → IV

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Recognition of a norm cannot occur before observing the behaviour.
�� Option B → Social approval cannot be understood before observation.
�� Option C → Attitude development occurs after norm recognition, not before.

🎯 Strategy

�� Logic Sequencing Application

Application:

�� Follow the natural progression from observation to internalization.

Final Logic:

�� Observe → Accept → Recognize → Internalize.

🧠 Memory Trick

See → Accept → Recognize → Believe

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Norm-Based Attitude Formation

📄 Passage

"Technological advances in recent times have made audio-visual media and the Internet very powerful sources of information that lead to attitude formation and change. In addition, school level textbooks also influence attitude formation. These sources first strengthen the cognitive and affective components of attitudes, and subsequently may also affect the behavioural component. The media can exert both good and bad influences on attitudes. On one hand, the media and Internet make people better informed than other modes of communication. On the other hand, there may be no check on the nature of information being gathered..."

According to the passage, the psychological sequence by which media systematically influences an attitude is analytically understood as:

A Immediate modification of the behavioural component, bypassing cognition.

B Strengthening of the cognitive and affective components first, which then may subsequently affect the behavioural component.

C Exerting control over genetic factors to alter the cognitive component.

D Solely influencing the conative aspect through direct physical reinforcement.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Media first affects thinking and feelings. �� Behavioural effects occur later. �� Attitude change follows the A-B-C model.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage clearly states that media and information sources first strengthen the cognitive and affective components of attitudes. → Once beliefs and emotions are influenced, behavioural tendencies may also change. → This reflects the A-B-C structure of attitudes, where cognition and affect often influence behaviour. → Therefore, Option B correctly describes the sequence of attitude influence.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Behaviour is not changed first according to the passage.
�� Option C → Genetic control is not discussed in attitude formation.
�� Option D → Media influences cognition and affect, not only behaviour.

🎯 Strategy

�� Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Match the option directly with the sequence described in the passage.

Final Logic:

�� Cognition and affect are influenced first; behaviour follows.

🧠 Memory Trick

Think → Feel → Act

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Sources of Attitude Formation

📄 Passage

Category: Information Exposure
Based on the passage, what presents a major psychological risk when relying on the Internet as a knowledge source for attitude formation?

A The internet provides less information than other modes of communication.

B There is often no check or control over the nature of information being gathered, leading to unpredictable or manipulated attitude changes.

C Audio-visual media categorically cannot influence the affective component of attitudes.

D School textbooks contradict all internet information, creating total cognitive dissonance.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Information quality may vary. �� Unverified content can shape attitudes. �� Media influence can be positive or negative.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

The passage highlights that Internet information may not always be checked or regulated. → Exposure to inaccurate, biased, or misleading information can influence beliefs and emotions. → This may contribute to inappropriate or manipulated attitude formation. → Therefore, Option B directly reflects the concern mentioned in the passage.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → The passage states that the Internet provides extensive information.
�� Option C → Media can influence affective components.
�� Option D → The passage does not claim universal contradiction between textbooks and Internet sources.

🎯 Strategy

�� Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Identify the explicit caution mentioned in the passage.

Final Logic:

�� Unchecked information can influence attitudes in unintended ways.

🧠 Memory Trick

No Check = Risky Effect

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Media and Attitude Formation

15 Analytical studies show that within the family environment, parents shape early attitudes not merely by instruction, but predominantly by serving as models and establishing contingencies for ________ and punishments.

A Association

B Rewards

C Rejection

D Dissonance

💡 Short Explanation

�� Parents act as role models. �� Reinforcement shapes behaviour. �� Rewards strengthen desired attitudes.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Reinforcement is a major mechanism through which attitudes develop in families. → Parents encourage desired behaviours and attitudes through rewards and discourage undesirable ones through punishments. → This process helps children internalize values, beliefs, and behavioural tendencies. → Therefore, rewards correctly complete the statement.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Association is a learning mechanism but does not complete the phrase logically.
�� Option C → Rejection is not paired with punishment as a reinforcement principle.
�� Option D → Dissonance refers to inconsistency between cognitions, not family reinforcement.

🎯 Strategy

�� Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Identify the reinforcement concept commonly paired with punishment.

Final Logic:

�� Reward and punishment are complementary reinforcement mechanisms.

🧠 Memory Trick

Reward + Punishment = Reinforcement

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Family Influence on Attitude Formation

16 Match the mechanism with its corresponding operational definition.

List I (Mechanism)	List II (Operational Definition)
1. Association	A. Acquiring behaviour through careful watching
2. Modelling	B. Strengthening behaviour through rewards or approval
3. Reinforcement	C. Learning by watching parents’ behaviour
4. Observation	D. Linking emotions of a parent to another attitude object

A 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A

B 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C

C 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

D 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B

💡 Short Explanation

�� Association links emotions with attitude objects. �� Modelling involves learning from role models. �� Reinforcement strengthens behaviour through rewards.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Association refers to linking emotions attached to one object or person with another attitude object; therefore 1-D. → Modelling involves learning by observing and imitating significant others such as parents; therefore 2-C. → Reinforcement strengthens behaviour through rewards, approval, or encouragement; therefore 3-B. → Observation refers to acquiring behaviour through careful watching; therefore 4-A. → Hence, the correct matching is: 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Incorrectly matches Association and Modelling.
�� Option B → Confuses Observation with Modelling.
�� Option D → Incorrectly assigns Association and Reinforcement.

🎯 Strategy

�� Option Grouping

Application:

�� First identify Reinforcement (rewards) and Modelling (learning from parents), then match the remaining concepts.

Final Logic:

�� Association = emotional linkage; Observation = careful watching.

🧠 Memory Trick

A-M-R-O = Attach, Model, Reward, Observe

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Processes of Attitude Learning

17 Identify the incorrect analytical statement concerning peer influence in adolescence.

A Adolescence is a critical period where the need for group belongingness peaks.

B Reference groups replace family completely, making all early learning suddenly irrelevant.

C Peer influence heavily dictates the norms regarding acceptable ways of thinking.

D Adopting peer attitudes often functions via implicit reward (acceptance) and punishment.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Peer influence increases during adolescence. �� Family influence remains important. �� Reference groups do not completely replace family learning.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

During adolescence, peer groups become important reference groups influencing attitudes, values, and behaviour. → However, family-based learning continues to influence attitudes and does not suddenly become irrelevant. → Option B is incorrect because it exaggerates the influence of reference groups and ignores the continuing role of family socialization. → Therefore, Option B is the incorrect statement.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Correct; belongingness needs are particularly strong during adolescence.
�� Option C → Correct; peers often shape acceptable norms and viewpoints.
�� Option D → Correct; social acceptance and rejection function as rewards and punishments.

🎯 Strategy

�� Extreme Word Filter

Application:

�� Watch for absolute terms such as “completely” and “all.”

Final Logic:

�� Family influence continues even when peer influence increases.

🧠 Memory Trick

Peers Grow, Family Stays

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Reference Groups and Attitude Formation

18 Consider the following analytical statements about how reference groups establish social norms:
Statement I: Reference groups provide a mental blueprint by dictating attitudes towards political, religious, and social issues.
Statement II: Conformity to these reference groups is primarily driven by the fundamental social need to belong, acting as an implicit reward.

A Only Statement I is correct

B Only Statement II is correct

C Both Statements I and II are correct

D Neither Statement I nor II is correct

💡 Short Explanation

�� Reference groups influence social attitudes. �� Belongingness motivates conformity. �� Social approval reinforces group norms.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Reference groups provide standards for acceptable attitudes and behaviour regarding social, political, and religious issues. → Individuals often conform because acceptance by the group satisfies the need for belongingness. → Social approval acts as an implicit reward, strengthening conformity. → Therefore, both statements are conceptually correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Ignores the validity of Statement II.
�� Option B → Ignores the validity of Statement I.
�� Option D → Both statements are supported by social psychological principles.

🎯 Strategy

�� Option Grouping

Application:

�� Evaluate each statement independently before combining conclusions.

Final Logic:

�� Reference groups guide attitudes and belongingness reinforces conformity.

🧠 Memory Trick

Group → Belong → Conform

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Reference Groups

19 Consider the following statements about direct personal experience:
Statement I: Attitudes formed through severe personal experiences are usually central, profoundly altering our attitude towards people and our own life.
Statement II: A direct personal experience, such as a near-death encounter, triggers a drastic change, contrasting with gradual conditioning seen in reference groups.

A Only Statement I is correct

B Only Statement II is correct

C Both Statements I and II are correct

D Neither Statement I nor II is correct

💡 Short Explanation

�� Personal experiences create powerful attitudes. �� Severe events often alter central values. �� Change may occur rapidly after major events.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Direct personal experiences are among the strongest influences on attitude formation and change. → Significant life events often create central attitudes that strongly affect future thinking and behaviour. → Experiences such as accidents, disasters, or near-death encounters can rapidly reshape attitudes and life priorities. → Therefore, both statements are correct.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option A → Statement II is also correct.
�� Option B → Statement I is also correct.
�� Option D → Both statements are conceptually valid.

🎯 Strategy

�� Option Grouping

Application:

�� Assess each statement separately for conceptual accuracy.

Final Logic:

�� Powerful experiences often create lasting and central attitude changes.

🧠 Memory Trick

Big Event = Big Attitude Change

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Personal Experience and Attitude Change

20 The army driver's existential crisis after surviving a mission where his companions perished led to a drastic shift from military service to community leadership. This situation analytically demonstrates that:

A Traumatic life events can trigger a deep re-evaluation of one's central values, creating highly resilient new attitudes.

B Life events only alter the affective component while leaving the cognitive aspect intact.

C Occupational attitudes are permanently fixed by early childhood learning and cannot be changed.

D Personal experiences are far less impactful than cultural norms in shaping community attitudes.

💡 Short Explanation

�� Major life events can transform attitudes. �� Central values may be re-evaluated. �� New attitudes can become highly stable.

✅ Correct Answer Explanation

Traumatic and emotionally significant experiences often produce deep reflection and reassessment of personal values. → Such experiences can alter central attitudes, goals, and life priorities. → The driver's shift from military service to community leadership illustrates a profound attitude transformation caused by personal experience. → Therefore, Option A best explains the situation.

❓ Why Other Options Are Incorrect

�� Option B → Major experiences influence cognition, affect, and behaviour together.
�� Option C → Attitudes can change throughout life.
�� Option D → Personal experiences can be extremely powerful attitude-shaping forces.

🎯 Strategy

�� Contextual/Tonal Matching

Application:

�� Identify the option that best reflects the impact of a transformative life event.

Final Logic:

�� Profound experiences can reshape central values and attitudes.

🧠 Memory Trick

Life Shock → Life Shift

📚 Class XII – Psychology – Chapter: Attitude and Social Cognition – Topic: Personal Experience as a Source of Attitude Change

CUET UG Booster Phychology Unit 6 Test (D 3 )

Test Complete!

Answer Review